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The research paper Blu Ray Disc The Next Generation Optical Disc Technical Seminar says that the Blu-ray Disc or BD is yet another breakthrough. The industry is set for yet another revolution with the introduction of Blu-ray Discs (BD).

With their high storage capacity, Blu-ray discs can hold and playback large quantities of high-definition video and audio, as well as photos, data and other digital content. Also incorporated are some advanced security and privacy options and convenient accessibility features.

Advantages of BD: A single sided blu ray disc has the capacity to store information of about 27 gigabytes, that’s about the size of 13 hr standard definition movie or more than 2.5 hrs of a high definition movie. While the double layered one can store to about 54 gigabytes.

This enormous storage capability is considered to be the major advantage of the blu- ray disc to that of the conventional DVD’s in the market right now.

The research paper also explains that the name Blu-ray is derived from the underlying technology, which utilizes a blue-violet laser to read and write data. The name is a combination of “Blue” and optical ray “Ray”.

It is suggested in the research abstract that the BD technology utilizes a “blue” (actually blue violet) laser diode operating at a wavelength of 405 nm to read and write data. Conventional DVDs and CDs use red and infrared lasers at 650 nm and 780 nm respectively.

The research paper Conditional Access System Technical Seminars for CSE Students describes what a Conditional Access System (CA) is. It says that a conditional access (CA) system comprises a combination of scrambling and encryption to prevent unauthorized reception. Scrambling is the process of rendering the sound, pictures and data unintelligible. Encryption is the process of protecting the secret keys that have to be transmitted with the scrambled signal in order for the descrambler to work. After descrambling, any defects on the sound and pictures should be imperceptible, i.e. the CA system should be transparent.

Why CA: The research paper explains that the primary purpose of a CA system for broadcasting is to determine which individual receivers/ set-top decoders shall be able to deliver particular program services, or individual programs to the viewers.

How CA should be: The research paper explains how the CA system should be it posits that the CA system should impose a minimum of burden on the authorized viewer at any stage in the transaction. In particular it should not require special action when changing channels (e.g. swapping a smart card or keying in a Personal Identification Number) nor should it significantly delay presentation of picture and sound when “zapping” (a sensible upper limit on the “zapping” time is 1 second). Furthermore, it should be easy to gain initial access to the broadcasts, requiring the minimum of equipment, outlay and effort. Ideally, the complete system would be integrated into the television set which would be able to access any combination of program services to which individual viewers had subscribed.

Conclusion:

The research abstract concludes on a note that the specification or evaluation of a practical CA system requires considerably more depth and detail than could be included in this outline.  In particular, an evaluation of security issues requires a careful analysis of the overall system security. Some of the core concerns could include non-technical issues such as the theft of data.

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The power point presentation CSE Seminar Report on Computer Parts describes various parts of a computer. The part of the PC that you actually see is the case. It is officially called the system unit.  But generally called as the case.

Everything is connected to the motherboard. A motherboard is a thin, flat piece of circuit board, usually of green or gold color, usually slightly larger than a piece of paper. The CPU (Central Processing Unit, also called the microprocessor) is where all the calculations take place in the PC.

CPUs will be either PGA (Pin Grid Array) or SEC (Single Edge Cartridge. RAM (Random Access Memory) is where the CPU stores programs and data that it is currently using. RAM is measured in units called “bytes“and megabytes. Hard drives store programs and data that are not currently being used by the CPU.

Hard drive capacity is measured in megabytes and Gigabytes. The capacity of a single hard drive can vary from as low as 10 megabytes (very old systems) up to 40, 80,120 or more gigabytes. There are two common types of hard drives: IDE and SCSI.

Any PC might have IDE, SCSI or both installed. IDE drives use a roughly 1.5“wide, 40-pin ribbon cable. SCSI drives will use a roughly 2″ wide, 50-pin cable IDE supports up to two hard drives per controller.

Each ribbon cable has two connectors for hard drives. With two controllers, each controlling two drives, a PC can support up to four IDE drives CD-ROM drives enable the system to access CD-ROM disks. CD-ROM drives are quite large, usually the single largest component inside the PC. They are connected with an IDE cable to an IDE controller.

The floppy drive enables to access floppy diskettes. Floppy ribbon cables are the narrowest ribbon cable, only slightly more than 1″ wide. There is a twist in the cable, usually close to where the floppy cable is connected to the floppy drive. A PC can support up to two floppy drives. If a PC has two floppy drives, they will be connected to the same ribbon cable. Every drive needs to be connected to a power connector. There are several power connectors on one power supply cable.

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The research paper CSE Seminar Topic on Computer viruses describes extensively the concept of ‘Computer Viruses’ the possible threats and solutions. It starts by commenting on what a computer virus is. It says a virus is a program which reproduces its own code by attaching itself to other programs in such a way that the virus code is executed when the infected program is executed.

The research paper further explains virus saying that a virus can do anything that other programs do. The only difference is that it attaches itself to another program and execute secretly when the host program is run .once a virus is executing it can perform any function, such as  erasing files and programs.

What viruses do: viruses are potentially destructive software that spreads from program to program or from disk to disk. Computer viruses, like biological viruses, need a host to infect; in the case of computer viruses this host is an innocent program. If such a program is transferred to your PC, other programs on your PC will become infected. While most viruses haven’t been written to be destructive, almost all viruses can cause damage to your files–mostly because the viruses themselves are very poorly written programs. If viruses destroy nothing else, they destroy your trust in your PC–something that is quite valuable. Many types of viruses like logic worms, Trojans and worms have been described in the research paper.

Phases of Virus Attack: Viruses come in a great many different forms, but they all potentially have three phases to their execution, the dormant, the infection phase and the attack phase. The research paper identifies three types of virus: Boot sector virus, parasitic virus, stealth virus, polymorphic virus.

Conclusion:

The research paper concludes on a note that the fundamental truth about computer viruses is that they are a people problem. People create viruses for various reasons. People disseminate virus infections either deliberately or as a result of the very human traits of innocence, ignorance, or carelessness. And the people who are the potential victims of this phenomenon can acquire the knowledge to turn a real threat into a reasonably calculated risk that they can solve.

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The research paper Information Technology Seminars Computer Networks Triple Play Technology describes what Triple Play Technology is. It says that Triple play technology is nowadays considered as an indisputable trend. The differentiated service architecture is preferred over “hard quality of service” (QoS) integrated service architecture. Moreover it applies perfectly to triple play, as it satisfies differing QoS requirements. In addition, latest developments in the area of video and audio encoding impose new challenges in content delivery systems.

   What is VoIP: Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a protocol optimized for the transmission of voice through the internet or other packet switched networks. Voice over IP protocols carry telephony signals as digital audio, typically reduced in data rate using speech data compression techniques, encapsulated in a data packet stream over IP.The ability of VoIP is to transmit more than one telephone call down the same broadband connected telephone line. It’s also a location independent, just by having internet connection one can avail this service.

Disadvantages: Some broadband connections may have less than desirable quality. Where IP packets are lost or delayed at any point in the network between VoIP users, there will be a momentary drop-out of voice.

Wi-MAX: The research paper explains what Wi-MAX is it says that at first this wireless communication was started by infrared then Bluetooth then Wi-Fi and now Wi-MAX. The above devices were not capable for communicating for larger distances so one by one they got improved and now finally Wi-MAX has come into existence.

Conclusion:

The research abstract concludes on a note that the converged triple play service delivery is an emerging opportunity for enterprises and consumers, enabling them to enter a new era of user-centric multimedia communication and broadband entertainment. For service providers it is an opportunity to enter into or expand new markets as well as offering increased service differentiation to remain an attractive partner for providing solutions to an established customer base.

Download Information Technology Seminars Computer Networks Triple Play Technology CSE Computer Science Engineering B Tech/ BE Final Project Paper Presentation and Seminar PPT.

The research paper Basics of Computers Computer Science Seminar Report talks about the computer basics. It explains the various parts of a computer and the functions that they undertake.  The paper says that Computer is an electronic device. It accepts data in the form of input processes it and gives result in the form of output.

In the era if information technology, computers are used in almost all works of life. Computers are widely used in several fields, such as education, communication, entertainment, banking, business, medicine, weather forecasting and scientific research. computer is used to perform a variety of tasks, such as drafting letters, performing calculations, maintaining records about student, creating question papers, Analyzing exam results and even creating attractive pictures.

A Computer can be described as an electronic device that can perform activities that involve mathematical, logical and graphical manipulations.

What is Data: the research paper describes data as collection of raw facts or figures. The processed form of data is information. Those devices through which we enter the data is called INPUT DEVICES. E.g.: Key-board, Mouse, Touch screen, Light Pen, scanner etc. Those devices which are used for output purpose is called OUTPUT DEVICES. E.g.: Monitor, Printer,   Platter, and speaker.

Conclusion:

The presentation concludes by giving examples of various types of computers. It says that there are three types of computers.

1.Digital computer

2.Analog computer

3. Hybrid computer

Digital Computer: These computers represented data in the form of digits. They are used for count. In these computers all operations take place at a very high speed and are very accurate. E.g.: Digital computer Calculators Digital watches.

Analog Computers: These computers take data in the form of waves & also give us the result in the form of waves. It is used for measurement speed is very fast but its result is not accurate. E.g.: Analog watch, Speed meter automobile etc

Hybrid Computer: The combination of both digital computer & analog computer is called Hybrid computer. These computers are used for special purpose. E.g.: Digital petrol pomp etc.

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The research paper Component Object Model B Tech Seminar Topics for Computer Science describes what a Component Object Model is. It is suggested that COM is a specification or a set of rules provided such that language interop can be achieved. The objective of COM is that the code written in one language should be reused in the applications developed using other language. In order to specify a code as a component it is mandatory that the class definition has to inherit IUNKNOWN interface.

Methods in IUNKNOWN interface: The research paper identifies the following:

• QueryInterface à it is used to maintain the address of all the member functions defined in the class definitions in a VARRAY table structure.
• AddRef à It is used to increment the reference counter value by 1 whenever the application uses the definitions of the form component.
• Release à whenever the application which uses the COM component definitions is closed in a normal procedure then Release Method is used to release the reference counter information.

What COM Does: The research paper explains COM. It says that whenever a COM type application uses the definitions of the in process COM then a request will be given to the COM server where the component will be identified based on its GUID and processing of the component will take place at the PMA [ Private Memory Area ] of the OS and the request will be given back to the application. The paper also states the advantages and limitations of COM as follows:

• Advantages à The performance of the application will be very fast.
• Limitations à Always a IN process component depends on a application. The Component can’t be used independently.

Conclusion:

The presentation concludes on a note suggesting that whenever the dot net application uses the definitions of the COM Component a request will be given to the CLR which uses the COM marshalling resource and identifies the application uses the definition of the COM Component and it defines a Runtime Callable Wrapper which sends a request to the Com Server where the Component is identified based on its GUID and the definitions of the COM component will be returned to the RCW and based on that definitions a relevant .net interop COM will be defined which will be used by the applications.

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The research paper Collective Intelligence Computer Science Engineering Seminar Topics explains in detail what collective intelligence is Collective intelligence is defined as the ability of a group to solve more problems than its individual members. The research paper posits that that the obstacles created by individual cognitive limits and the difficulty of coordination can be overcome by using a collective mental map (CMM). A CMM is defined as an external memory with shared read/write access that represents problem states, actions and preferences for actions.

According to collective intelligence A system is more intelligent than another system if in a given time interval it can solve more problems, or find better solutions to the same problems. A group can then be said to exhibit collective intelligence if it can find more or better solutions than the whole of all solutions that would be found by its members working individually.

Examples of Collective Intelligence: The research abstract quotes pertinent examples pertaining to Collective Intelligence. It says that all organizations, whether they are firms, institutions or sporting teams, are created on the assumption that their members can do more together than they could do alone.

Collective Mental Maps: The research abstract casts light on Collective Mental Maps. It says that a collective mental map functions first of all as a shared memory. Various discoveries by members of the collective are registered and stored in this memory, so that the information will remain available for as long as necessary.

Benefits of CMM: The paper suggests some obvious benefits of CMM. Instead of being limited to the few links present in the document being consulted, a user would be able to choose from an extensive, but intelligently selected list of related documents, ordered by the probability that they would be relevant. The paper also quotes examples saying that such a list of suggested links has already been implemented by the Alexa Corporation and incorporated in the Netscape and Internet Explorer browsers.

Conclusion:

The research paper concludes on a note describing CMM and calling it a “global brain”. Although the first commercial applications of some of these techniques are already appearing, it is clear that still a lot of research needs to be done before it can be certain that the proposed algorithms are ready for the task. There are many possible variations on the methods discussed, and there are many other sources of collective knowledge to be mined. The best-combined method will likely be found by testing out a variety of approaches in a variety of circumstances.

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The research paper Code Division Multiple Access System Computers Seminar Topics suggests that CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is one method for implementing a multiple access communication system. The research paper explains what multiple access is. It says that MULTIPLE ACCESS is a technique where many subscribers or local stations can share the use of the use of a communication channel at the same time or nearly so despite the fact originate from widely different locations.

About CDMA: The research paper says that CDMA is a hybrid combination of FDMA and TDMA. For example, frequency hopping may be employed to ensure during each successive time slot, the frequency bands assigned to the users are recorded in random manner. During time slot 1, user 1 occupies frequency band 1, user 2 occupies frequency band 2, user 3 occupies band 3 and so on. During time slot 2, user 1 hops to frequency band 3, user 2 hops to band 1, user 3 hops to band 2, and so on.

What is the meaning of CDMA? The research paper explains that in the CDMA technology. the users are spread across both frequency and time in the same channel. Here, unique digital codes, rather than separate RF frequencies or channels are used to differentiate subscribers. The codes are shared by both the mobile stations (cellular phone) and the base station, and are called “pseudo random code sequences” or “pseudo-noise code sequences”.

Advantages of CDMA Technology: Many advantages have been elucidated in the paper about the CDMA Technology. It says that

• Availability of very low cost, highly dense digital integrated circuits, which reduce the size, weight and cost of the subscriber station to an acceptably low level.
• Realization that optimal multiple access communication requires that all user station regulate their transmission power to the lowest that will achieve adequate signal quality.

Conclusion:

The research paper concludes on a note saying that CDMA is radically new concept in wireless communication. CDMA has gained widespread international acceptance by cellular radio system operators as an upgrade that will dramatically increase both their systems capacity and the service quality.

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The research paper CDMA Technology CSE & IT Seminar Topics delves deeper into the CDMA ( code division multiple access) technology. It says that CDMA TECHNOLOGY makes existing mobile handset more efficient and attractive. CDMA (3G) mobile devices and services will transform wireless communications into on-line, real-time connectivity. 3G wireless technology will allow an individual to have immediate access to location-specific services that offer information on demand.

This research abstract presents an overview of current technology trends in the wireless technology market, a historical overview of the evolving wireless technologies and an examination of how the communications industry plans to implement 3G wireless technology standards to address the growing demand for wireless multimedia services.

About CDMA: It is suggested in the research abstract that it was the founders of QUALCOMM who realized that CDMA technology could be used in commercial cellular communications to make even better use of the radio spectrum than other technologies. They developed the key advances that made CDMA suitable for cellular, then demonstrated a working prototype and began to license the technology to telecom equipment manufacturers. CDMA was developed by QUALCOMM Incorporated, a company in San Diego, California. QUALCOMM engineers decided to do something different and applied spread spectrum techniques to a multiple access system, which ultimately became CDMA.

Scope of CDMA: The paper suggests that CDMA offers an answer to the capacity problem. The paper says that the key to its high capacity is the use of noise-like carrier waves, as was first suggested decades ago by Claude Shannon. Instead of partitioning either spectrum or time into disjoint “slots” each user is assigned a different instance of the noise carrier. While those waveforms are not thoroughly orthogonal, they are nearly so. Practical application of this principle has always used digitally generated pseudo-noise, rather than true thermal noise.

Conclusion:

The research abstract concludes on a note suggesting that interworking between access networks implementing enhanced versions of current technologies for broadcast cellular and short-range communications should provide a good first solution for CDMA(3G) services. It suggests that this technology map can be extended to include access technologies for transmission at more than 50 Mbit/s for fast moving users as well as ultra wide band systems for wide area coverage.

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