The research paper Purpose of Cryptography and Network Security CSE Final Year Seminar explains what Authentication is. It says that Authentication is the process of proving one’s identity. (The primary forms of host-to-host authentication on the Internet today are name-based or address-based, both of which are notoriously weak.) . The following techniques have been mentioned and meticulously explained in the research paper.

Some experts argue that cryptography appeared spontaneously sometime after writing was invented, with applications ranging from diplomatic missives to war-time battle plans. It is no surprise, then, that new forms of cryptography came soon. after the widespread development of computer communications. In data and telecommunications, cryptography is necessary when communicating over any untrusted medium, which includes just about any network, particularly the Internet.

• Privacy/confidentiality: Ensuring that no one can read the message except the intended receiver.
• Integrity: Assuring the receiver that the received message has not been altered in any way from the original.
• Non-repudiation: A mechanism to prove that the sender really sent this message.

The advantage of traditional cryptography is that it is usually much faster than public-key cryptography.

The main cryptography techniques mentioned in the paper are:

• Block Ciphers
• Stream Ciphers
• Message Authentication Codes

The paper explains that In CBC mode each plaintext block is XOR’d with the previous cipher text block before it is encrypted. Because there is no previous cipher text for the first block, an 8-byte block known as the Initial Chaining Value (ICV) is used to start the process. Patterns in the plaintext are hidden by the exclusive-OR.  The ICV should be different for any messages encrypted with the same key, but it does not have to be kept secret and can be transmitted with the encrypted text.

Nearly all modern multi-user computer and network operating systems employ passwords at the very least to protect and authenticate users accessing computer and/or network resources. But passwords are not typically kept on a host or server in plaintext, but are generally encrypted using some sort of hash scheme.

Conclusion:

The research paper ends on a note that what CRYPTOGRAPHY Can Do.

It says that potentially, cryptography can hide information while it is in transit or storage. In general, cryptography can:

• Provide SECRECY.
• AUTHENTICATE that a message has not changed in transit.
• Implicitly authenticate the sender.

Cryptography hides words: At most, it can only hide talking about contraband or illegal actions. One possible application for cryptography is to secure on-line communications between work and home, perhaps leading to a society-wide reduction in driving, something that all appreciate.

Download Purpose of Cryptography and Network Security CSE Final Year Seminar.

The research paper Cryptography and Network Security CSE Technical Seminar speaks about Cryptography and its importance in securing the data from any foreign influence. Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art. The first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900 B.C. when an Egyptian scribe used non-standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. In data and telecommunications, cryptography is necessary when communicating over any untrusted medium, which includes just about any network, particularly the Internet. Within the context of any application-to-application communication, there are some specific security requirements. The research abstract explains in depth all the above mentioned aspects.

The research paper explains three types of cryptographic algorithms:

Secret Key Cryptography (SKC): Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption

Public Key Cryptography (PKC): Uses one key for encryption and another for decryption

Hash Functions: Uses a mathematical transformation to irreversibly “encrypt” information

Types of authority have been explained in the paper:

Establish identity: Associate, or bind, a public key to an individual, organization, corporate position, or other entity.

Assign authority: Establish what actions the holder may or may not take based upon this certificate.

Secure confidential information (e.g., encrypting the session’s symmetric key for data confidentiality).

Different types of threats to the network and how cryptography deals with them effectively have been mentioned in the Research abstract.

Conclusion:

The research paper concludes on a note commenting about the effectiveness of network security. In this context it explains VPN.  A  virtual  private network ( VPN ) is a way to use a public telecommunication  infrastructure ,  such  as  the Internet ,  to  provide remote offices  or  individual users with  secure access to their organization’s network. A  virtual  private network  can  be  contrasted  with  an  expensive  system  of owned or  leased  lines  that  can  only  be  used by one organization. The goal  of  a VPN  is  to provide the organization  with  the  same  capabilities , but at a  much  lower  cost.

Download Cryptography and Network Security CSE Technical Seminar.

The research paper Network Security BE Btech CSE Seminar Report speaks about how Network Security is achieved. This paper is based on practical techniques, tactics, of attacking and the concept and mechanism of their attacks. Thus for stopping the net criminals from intruding into the systems, the system administrator should know the drawbacks, loopholes of the OS, internet, and networking.

Attacks on the Server: The research paper describes the attacks on the server. One of the attacks described in the research paper is DOS attacks. Denial Of Service attacks (DOS attacks) are very common hacking attacks. It is defined as: An attack on the target system by a malicious attacker to render the normal services offered by it to legitimate users as unavailable or disable services..It involves the launching of an attack that will make the services offered by the target system  or normal services offered by the internet or a network system to a legitimate user.

Network Security BE Btech CSE Seminar Report Types of DOS Attacks:

1. Ping of death

2. Synflood Attack

3. Trojan Key logger attacks

4. Mail bombings

5. Port Scanning

How to block the ports: The research paper concludes on the note saying that the netstat command gives us a couple of open ports on our system or server.

• Check the Trojan list and compare if the open port number matches any Trojan list. If it does get a Trojan remover and remove the Trojan.
• WE can also remap the ports. This is an efficient method to secure our open ports. The remapping is done by the fact that instead of running a service on a well-known port, where it can be easily exploited, it better to run it on a not so known port. Thus a hacker will find it more difficult to find that service. This method is known as remapping.
• ETHERPEEK is excellent sniffing software, which can easily trace the port scanner.
• NUKE NABBER, a window freeware, claims to be an excellent port blocker.

There are other utilities such as PORT DUMPER, which can fake daemons (services) like Telnet, Finger printing, etc.

Download Network Security BE Btech CSE Seminar Report.

The research paper Cryptography and Network Security in Distributed Networking System Seminar defines what cryptography is and how it helps in providing security to shared information and data. It is said in the research paper that the explosive growth in computer systems and their interconnection via networks has increased the dependence of both organizations and individuals on the information stored and communicated. This in turn, has lead to a heightened awareness of the need to protect data and resources from disclosures, to guarantee the authenticity of data and messages and to protect the systems from network based attacks. Secondly, the disciplines of cryptography and network security have matured, leading to the development of practical, readily available applications to enforce network security.

What is meant by cryptography: The research paper explains the term cryptography and also explains how the process is achieved it says that the word cryptography means “secret writing”. However, the term today refers to the science and of transforming messages to make them secure and immune to attacks. The original message before being transformed is called plaintext. After the message is transformed, it is called cipher text. An encryption algorithm transforms the plaintext to cipher; a decryption algorithm transforms the cipher text back to plaintext. The sender uses an encryption algorithm and the receiver uses a decryption algorithm.

Symmetric Key Cryptography: The paper explains symmetric key cryptography. The symmetric-key cryptography algorithms are so named because the same key can be used in both directions. Here, the same key is used by both sender/receiver. The sender uses this key and an encryption algorithm to encrypt data. The receiver uses the same key and a decryption algorithm to decrypt data. In Symmetric-key cryptography, the algorithm used for decryption is the inverse of the algorithm used for encryption. The research paper explains the benefits and drawbacks of symmetric key cryptography.

Conclusion:

The research abstract ends on the note that the security mechanisms usually involve more than a particular algorithm or protocol. This usually also requires some secret information that raises the questions about creation, distribution and protection of that secret information which are major tasks that are involved in this science of cryptography.

Download Cryptography and Network Security in Distributed Networking System Seminar.

The research paper Cryptography and Network Security CSE Engineering Seminar Topic suggests that Today communication has always been an integral part of our existence.

• Radio communication
• Telephonic communication
• Network communication
• Mobile communication

The paper explains a fact that though all these methods and means of communication have played an important role in our lives, but in the past few years, network communication, especially over the Internet, has emerged as one of the most powerful. methods of communication with an overwhelming impact on our lives. Such rapid advances in communications technology have also given rise to security threats to individuals and organizations.

What is Security Attack: The research abstract explains two types of security attacks.

Interruption: In an attack where one or more of the systems of the organization become unusable due to attacks by unauthorized users. This leads to systems being unavailable for use.

Interception: An unauthorized individual intercepts the message content and changes it or uses it for malicious purposes. After this type of attack, the message does not remain confidential.

What is Cryptography: The research paper explains what Cryptography is. It says that the term cryptology has its origin in Greek kryptós lógos, which means “hidden word.” Cryptography is the science of protecting data, which provides means and methods of converting data into unreadable form, so that Valid User can access Information at the Destination. Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data. Cryptography enables to store sensitive information or transmit it across insecure networks (like the Internet) so that it cannot be read by anyone except the intended recipient.

Conclusion:

The research paper concludes on the note that Cryptography protects users by providing functionality for the encryption of data and authentication of other users. This technology lets the receiver of an electronic message verify the sender, ensures that a message can be read only by the intended person, and assures the recipient that a message has not be altered in transit. This paper describes the cryptographic concepts of symmetric-key encryption, public-key encryption, types of encryption algorithms, hash algorithms, digital signatures, and key exchange.

Download Cryptography and Network Security CSE Engineering Seminar Topic.

The research paper Cryptography and Steganography with Watermarking CSE ppt describes what steganography is. It suggests that Steganography refers to the practice of hiding secret message in communications over a public channel so that an eavesdropper cannot even tell that a secret message is being sent. The aim of this study was to investigate implement and evaluate a number of common methods of pixel-based Steganography.

Methods of Steganography: The research paper explains various methods of steganography. It comments that Steganography includes a vast array of techniques for hiding messages in variety of media. Among these methods are invisible inks, microdots, digital signatures, and covert channels and spread spectrum communication. Steganography is being vastly used through the media of text, images, and audio.

What is Digital Watermarking: The research abstract explains what digital watermarking is. It says that Digital Watermarking is defined as a process of embedding data (watermark) into a multimedia object to help to protect the owner’s right to that object. Digital Watermark is a pattern of bits embedded into a file used to identify the source of illegal copies. For example, if a digital watermark is placed into a master copy of an audio CD or a DVD movie, then all copies of that disc are uniquely identified. If a licensee were to manufacture and distribute them in areas outside of its authorized territory, the watermark provides a trace.

Drawbacks of stenography: The research paper identifies and explains the drawbacks of stenography. It says that A weakness of Steganography is that many people have a hard time locating a normal file even though they have a good idea what they called it. Most people that use these techniques would have to be educated and have computer knowledge.

Conclusion:

The research paper concludes saying that steganography is an instrument of security, but not exclusively secure. There are tradeoffs with Steganography of which the security community is becoming aware: There is a tradeoff between reliability and message size and there is a tradeoff between message size and detect ability. The approach Steganography offers reduces the chance of a message being detected by its inadvertent layer of cover.

Download Cryptography and Steganography with Watermarking CSE ppt.

The research paper Cryptography Computer Science Seminar for Students explains what cryptography is. It suggests that Cryptography presents various methods for taking legible, readable data, and transforming it into unreadable data for the purpose of secure transmission, and then using a key to transform it back into readable data when it reaches its destination.

The most secure techniques use a mathematical algorithm and a variable value known as a ‘key’. Cryptography uses a single key to encrypt i.e. changing data so that it is unrecognizable and useless to an unauthorized person and decrypt a message i.e. changing it back to its original form.

Ways to classify Cryptographic Algorithms: There are several ways of classifying cryptographic algorithms Secret Key Cryptography, which uses a single key for both encryption and decryption. Public Key Cryptography, which uses one key for encryption and another for decryption. Hash Functions uses a mathematical transformation to irreversibly “encrypt” information.

Scope of Cryptography:

The goal of cryptography extends beyond merely making data unreadable; it also extends into user authentication, Privacy/confidentiality, Integrity, Non-repudiation.

The research paper identifies types of algorithms. They are mentioned in the paper as:

• Secret Key Cryptography (SKC): Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption
• Public Key Cryptography (PKC): Uses one key for encryption and another for decryption
• Hash Functions: Uses a mathematical transformation to irreversibly “encrypt” information

Application of Cryptography: It is suggested in the paper that Cryptography is used in:

1. Secure Communication
2. Identification and Authentication
3. E-Commerce and
4. Digital Signatures

Conclusion:

The research paper concludes on a note that Cryptography is the gold standard for security. It is used to protect the transmission and storage of data between two parties by encrypting it into an unreadable format.

Cryptography has enabled the first wave of secure transmissions, which has helped fuel the growth of transactions like shopping, banking, and finance over the world’s biggest public network, the Internet.

The research paper Network Security and Cryptography CSE Seminar Download explains the reasons for security requirement. It says that there are many aspects to security and many applications, ranging from secure commerce and payments to private communications and protecting passwords. One essential aspect of secure communications is that of cryptography. Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art.

The first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900 B.C. when an Egyptian scribe used non-standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. In data and telecommunications, cryptography is necessary when communicating over any untrusted medium, which includes just about any network, particularly the Internet.

How it is done: The research paper explains how encryption is done. It says that the receiver applies the same key (or rule set) to decrypt the message and recover the plain text. Because a single key is used for both functions, secret key cryptography is also called symmetric encryption. 

With this form of cryptography, it is obvious that the key must be known to both the sender and the receiver; that, in fact, is the secret. The biggest difficulty with this approach, of course, is the distribution of the key. Secret key cryptography schemes are generally categorized as being either stream ciphers or block ciphers.

Latest Cryptographic Techniques:

The research paper identifies the two latest cryptographic techniques:

• Message Digest (MD) algorithms
• Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA)

What is Pretty Good Privacy: The research paper explains PGP. It says that Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is one of today’s most widely used public key cryptography programs.PGP can be used to sign or encrypt e-mail messages with the mere click of the mouse.

Threats to Network: The research paper identifies different types of threats to Network. All these have been explained in depth.

1. Application Backdoors
2. STMP session hijacking
3. Operation system bugs
4. Denial of service
5. Email bombs
6. Macros
7. Viruses
8. Spam
9. Redirect bombs

Conclusion:

The research paper concludes saying what cryptography can do. It says that cryptography can hide information while it is in transit or storage. In general, cryptography can:

• Provide SECRECY.
• AUTHENTICATE that a message has not changed in transit.

Implicitly authenticate the sender.

The research paper MCA Seminar Topics E-Commerce and Cryptography talks in depth about E-Commerce and Cryptography. It says that E-commerce on the worldwide web is a rapidly growing and proliferating field. But there are several differences between commerce in the real world and on the Internet, and perhaps the most fundamental issue is that of trust and security. In order to build secure E-commerce applications, we need to establish a definition of various security requirements.

The following four areas have been identified in the research abstract as the framework for secure E-commerce:

• Confidentiality: Protecting the data from all but the intended receiver(s).
• Authentication: Proving one’s identity.
• Integrity: Ensuring no unauthorized alteration of data.
• Non-repudiation: Preventing an entity from denying previous commitments or actions.

Functionality of Cryptography: The research paper helps in identifying the main functionalities of cryptography. They are identified as:

§  Encryption as the process of transforming information so that it is unintelligible to an intruder, and

§  Decryption as the process of transforming the encrypted information so that it is intelligible again.

How encryption is done: The information in its original form is known as plain text, and the encrypted message is called cipher text.

 

• Exchanging or choosing a key pair secretly does secure communication between two persons.
• The security lies in the fact that the mathematical function and the key are only bound to the sender and receiver, not to anybody else.
• Keys are very critical to the functionality of cryptographic algorithms and it is sound cryptographic practice to change keys frequently.

Conclusion:

The research paper concludes explaining that there is no gain saying the fact that cryptography plays an essential role in protecting the privacy of electronic information against threats from a variety of potential attackers. Public key cryptography, is the most important technology in modern cryptographic schemes to address issues like key management, authentication, non-repudiation and digital signature cryptosystems with smaller key lengths offer virtually no security. Symmetric-key systems offer an advantage over the public-key systems. Private keys in public-key systems are much larger.

Download MCA Seminar Topics E-Commerce and Cryptography.

The research paper Seminar Topic Cryonics On Way to Raising the Dead Nano Technology explains Cryonics and Nanotechnology. The paper posits that Nanotechnology  is nothing  but  a  technology  which  uses  atoms  with  a  view  to  creating  a  desired  product. It has wider applications in all the fields. Cryonics is an important domain of Nanotechnology. Cryonics is nothing but an attempt of raising the dead – making them alive. First  we   preserve  the  body  then  by  using  molecular  machines  based  nanotechnology  we  could  revive  the  patients  by  repairing  damaged  cells.

History of Cryonics: The paper casts light on the past. It says that historically  cryonics  began  in  1962  with  the  publication  of  “The  prospect  of  immortality” referred  by  Robert  Ettinger, a  founder  and  the  first  president  of  the  cryonics  institute. During  1980’s  the  extent  of  the  damage  from  freezing  process  became  much  clearer  and   better  known, when  the  emphasis  of  the  movement  began  to  shift  to  the  capabilities  of  nanotechnology.

What is Cryonics: The word “cryonics” is the practice of freezing a dead body in hopes of someday reviving it. A Cryonics is the practice of cooling people immediately after death to the point where molecular physical decay completely stops, in the expectation that scientific and medical procedures currently being developed will be able to revive them and restore them to good health later. A patient held in such a state is said to be in ‘cryonic suspension.

Drawbacks: Not all dead can be cryonically preserved. The research abstract says that legal death is a declaration by medical personnel that there is nothing more they can do to save the patient. But if the body is clearly biologically dead, having been sitting at room temperature for a period of time, or having been traditionally embalmed, then cryonicists would hold that such a body is far less revivable than a cryonically preserved patient, because any process of resuscitation will depend on the quality of the structural and molecular preservation of the brain.

Conclusion:

The research paper concludes on the note that Cryonics is a promising field to resurrect the dead. But taking into consideration the financial constraints and other legal issues the field still has miles to go.

Download Seminar Topic Cryonics On Way to Raising the Dead Nano Technology.