Category: ECE and EEE Project Abstracts

This category consists of latest abstracts which can be used for institutions for developing new projects for electrical and electronic final year students. Electronics students can download mini and major projects with abstracts and project reports.

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Implementation of E-voting Machine Project using Python and Arduino

INTRODUCTION

Our E-voting Machine project is very useful, This Project was implemented using Python and Arduino. The user is no longer required to check his register in search of records, after the voting procedure gets over, the admin will be able to calculate the total number of votes in just one click since the entire work is done using computers. The user just needs to enter his/her unique voter ID.

In today’s world, no one likes to manually analyze the result after the voting procedure gets over because the process is time-consuming and of which results get usually delayed. Everyone wants his/her work to be done by computer automatically and displaying the result for further manipulations. So this E-voting Machine project is about providing convenience regarding voting.

OBJECTIVE

  • Our objective for the E-voting Machine project is to make a user-friendly Electronic Voting Machine that makes the current voting process faster, easier, and error-free.
  • We have used Arduino in our project for the implementation of push buttons and Python as a programming language.

PROBLEM STATEMENT 

The problem statement was to design a module:

  • Which is a user-friendly E-voting Machine
  • Which will restrict the user from accessing other users’ data.
  • Which will ease the calculations and storage of data.
  • Which will help the jury to declare the result without any biasing.

FUNCTIONS TO BE PROVIDED:

The E-voting Machine system will be user-friendly and completely secured so that the users shall have no problem using all options.

  • The system will be efficient and fast in response.
  • The system will be customized according to needs.

FOR e-VOTING SYSTEM

  • (Check
  • Store
  • )

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

  • Programming Language Used: Python, C
  • Hardware Used: Arduino UNO
  • Components Used: Push buttons, Connecting Wires, Resistances(100k ohm), Breadboard
  • Software Used: Anaconda 2.7.x, Python 2.7.x, Arduino IDE
  • Modules Used: Serial, SQLite, Tkinter, tkMessageBox

WORKING

  • The user has to enter his/her ID in the system.
  • After verifying the user ID, the system will show a message that whether a user is eligible to vote or not after checking his/her details stored in the system.
  • A message will be displayed accordingly. The user will then have to press the button against which the name of the candidate is written and whom he/she wants to vote.
  • The votes hence are stored in the database and the results will be announced accordingly.

FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

My project “e-VOTING SYSTEM” will be a great help in conducting voting at various organizations. So the modifications that can be done in our project is to add one major change which can be done in this project is to add the data of the voters. This will result in the total identification of the voter.

CONCLUSION

From this E-voting Machine project, we can conclude that this program is very useful in conducting the voting procedures smoothly. It provides easy methods to analyze the voting result. It helps in conducting faster, more secure, and more efficient voting. The program can be used per the norms of the voting requirements.

Download the complete project code, report, and PPT on E-voting Machine using Python and Arduino.

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Two Wheeled Self Balancing Robot Minor Project Synopsis

Introduction

The basic working principle behind a self-balancing robot is an inverted pendulum concept model in control theory, according to which the robot drives the wheels in the direction in which it tilts. Examples of the inverted pendulum in certain real applications include rockets like MAXUS, Segway the personnel transporter, and a self-balancing vehicle.

It has great advantages like small size, flexibility, and low cost because of these advantages, it can be used in various applications in the field of control engineering. The inherent complexity associated with the control of this platform finds its application in the design and development of control systems for automobiles, spacecraft, and transportation facilities including military transport.

The developed hardware is used to develop an object-carrying vehicle that can be used to reduce human efforts in working places, offices, and household applications.

This is a cost-effective solution using the PID algorithm for these two-wheeled vehicles.

Rationale

Because of the previously stated advantages that come with a two-wheeled self-balancing design, a number of consumer products have recently gone mainstream that utilize a similar idea for purpose of convenient human transportation, i.e. – Hover-boards, Segway, and self-balancing two-wheelers. Our goal with this project was to demonstrate the balancing mechanism used in these products in a compact, cost-effective prototype of a self-balancing robot.

Objectives

1. To balance the whole body on two wheels automatically by designing the best possible structure for the body and obtaining the filtered values from the gyro and accelerometer sensor i.e. – mpu6050.
2. To use inbuilt Wi-Fi or Bluetooth capabilities of ESP32 microcontroller to communicate with the robot in order to de- liver the commands to follow.
3. To fine-tune custom PID values for the robot to ensure its smooth maneuverability.
4. To generate the ability to balance and maneuver with objects placed on its head

Feasibility Study

1) Feasibility of the project

The project is intended to explain the design along with the construction and control mechanism of a two-wheel self-balancing robot. To deal with the problem of sudden horizontal movements and gyro drifts in sensors, a complementary filter is implemented[1]. PID (proportional integral derivative), is the feedback mechanism used for this project.

2) Need of the project –

1. Its ability to turn on the spot and sustainable architecture increases its applications in industries.
2. It is essential for the robot to not only balance but also maintain its position, withstanding external forces or unexpected disturbances if any

3. Active research on two-wheeled robots has been widely increased since the early versions of the studies on self-balancing robots by JOE and n-BOT.

3) Significance of the project –

These robots can be used for

1. Smart gardening purposes.
2. Autonomous trolleys in malls, hospitals, and airports.
3. An intelligent robot for various industrial-military purposes.

4. Currently popularized as “Segways,” these machines are mostly used for travel and tourism purposes and by private security services. It has been put to use by a range of private and military organizations since its invention.

Methodology/ Planning of work

The main objectives of a system for Online voting system are:

1. The objective of the Online voting system is to help the organization in automating the whole manual processing of the existing system.
2. Test the working and compatibility of all electronic components (mpu6050 and motors and its driver) with ESP32 separately and ensure the proper working of each component. a rudimentary prototype using all components with temporary wiring on the breadboard in order to test the integrated working of the components with each other (without tuning PID values).
3. Fabricate the basic frame of the robot using acrylic sheets, spacers, screws, and angle brackets.
4. Mount all electronic components onto the frame.
5. Make wired connections according to the planned circuit.
6. Upload code to ESP32 from Arduino IDE.
7. Update PID values.
8. Test the performance, balance, and maneuverability of the machine, if not satisfied with its performance, go to the 7th step in order to fine-tune PID values else the required development of the robot is completed.

Facilities required for proposed work

Software Requirements:-

1. Arduino IDE

Hardware Requirements:-

1. Arduino IDE
2. ESP32 microcontroller – 1
3. MPU6050 sensor – 1
4. Bo geared motors – 2
5. L298N Motor driver -1
6. 3.7v 18650 Li-ion battery – 2
7. Assorted Jumper Wires
8. 3mm Acrylic Sheet
9. 65mm Nylon Tyres – 2
10. Angle Brackets – 2, Spacers and Screws

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Design and Implement a Healthcare Monitoring and Management System IoT Project

Nowadays Internet of Things is bringing a revolution in the infrastructure of technologies. The IoT-based health monitoring system is essentially a patient monitoring system in which he can be supervised 24*7. Remote Patient Monitoring arrangement enables observation of patients outside of customary clinical settings (e.g. at home), which expands access to human services thus bringing down costs. Healthcare is given extreme importance by each country with the advent of the novel coronavirus.

Recently there has been a spike in the use of smartphones and along with that, wearable sensor remote health monitoring has evolved quickly. IoT not only helps in preventing the spread of disease but also in getting a proper diagnosis, even if the doctor is present at a remote distance By facilitating effortless interaction among various modules, IoT has enabled us to implement various complex systems such as smart home appliances, smart traffic control systems, etc.

PROPOSED SYSTEM:

The main objective of this Healthcare Monitoring and Management System is to develop, design, and implement a smart patient healthcare monitoring system. The sensors used here are embedded in the body of the patient to sense the parameters like the heartbeat and temperature. These sensors are connected to a master unit, which calculates all of their values. These values are then transmitted by leveraging IoT cloud technology, to the base. From the base station, these can be easily accessed by the doctor present at some other location. Thus based on the temperature and heartbeat values, the doctor can decide the state of the patient and appropriate measures can be taken.

OBJECTIVE:

Monitor patient parameters remotely to increase the efficacy of healthcare management systems

IDEATION:

We need to monitor the patient parameters from remote distances using various sensors. The data given out by the sensors are then sent over to the cloud for further access via a Wi-Fi module (inbuilt or externally connected). This is being done to reduce the critical time of testing patient parameters before any major operation.

Here we are measuring the temperature and pulse parameters of a patient remotely.

Components required:-

MLX 90614 Temperature
MAX 30102 Pulse Rate
Jumper wires.
Nodemcu ESP8266 board

The Gantt Chart is shown below:-

smart patient healthcare monitoring system

Summary:-

 Health care is given extreme importance nowadays by each country with the advent of the novel coronavirus. Thus in this regard, an IoT-controlled healthcare monitoring system is most probably the best solution for such an epidemic. Internet of Things (IoT) is the new revolution of the internet which is a growing research field, especially in health-related services.

“Healthcare Monitoring and Management System” is the project where we have mainly focused on two objectives first one was a smart health monitoring system, to collect the health history of patients with a unique ID and store it in a database so that doctors need not spend much of their time in search of the report and give analysis right from the dashboard. Any health care that is being done will be updated and reflected in the dashboard itself. And the other one is the Wearable-Sensor-Based Fall Detection System for aged people, to monitor their movements of them, recognize a fall from normal daily activities by using sensors, and automatically send a request or an alert for help to the caregivers so that they can pick up the patient.

However, there are a few shortcomings to this too. Basic knowledge of the operation is to be learned by the caregivers. Also, both the caregiver and the wearer should know how to protect the sensors from water damage or any physical damage. 

  • Planning and project management 

S.No.

Activity

Starting Week

Number of Weeks

1.

Literature Review

1st week of January

 2

2.

 Project Finalization

3rd week of January

 1

3.

Required software setup

4th week of January

 1

4.

Gathering of Hardware & Formation of codes

1st week of February

1

5.

Hardware assembly calibration

2nd week of February

 1

6.

Code Integration & Debugging

3rd week of February

 2

7.

Inclusion of IoT and Blynk

1st week of March

 1

8.

Finalization & modification of Website and mobile application

1st week of March

 1

9.

 Preparation of project report

2nd-3rd week of March

 2

10.

Preparation of Project presentation

4th week of March

1
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Raspberry Pi Project on Intelligent Door Access Management System

Today the world has been far more advanced in technology than in the last 3 decades and with that, there are advances in the technologies that help to keep our homes safe. With the help of IoT now we can track our house even when we are on vacation.

The significance and the purpose of our Door Access Management System are to make the user’s home much safer by increasing security and giving the user full control of the system.

Introduction

Background of Project

When we are at work, we may have an important meeting and may not be in time to receive our guests and they may need to wait outside. The same may happen if we are on a vacation and to safeguard ourselves from Intruders.

The duty of an Engineer is to provide solutions for the problems faced every day with upcoming technologies and we have come up with a model which will help to solve them.

Statement of the problem

This project will create a smart doorbell messaging system so that when a guest clicks on the button, obtains an image of the user via a camera peripheral, uploads the image and event data to a Googles Firebase cloud, and sends a message with some message to notify that a guest has arrived.

Aims and Objectives of the project

The main objective of the project is to make a Smart door system. The other objectives are: –

  • To include an access button to allow the user to open/close the door

Materials

The main components of the Intelligent Door Access Management System are as follows:

  • Raspberry pi 3    
  • Push-button 
  • Logitech Camera                                                     
  • Stepper motor

Working

The first step was to make an interface between the Push button and the Camera using Raspberry Pi so that when the button was pressed the camera would take a picture. The next step is to connect the camera to the Firebase Cloud to upload the images in the Firebase Storage and send the image’s URL to the Firebase Database.

Next using Android Studio, a Mobile application was designed to retrieve the image from the Firebase Database. Using Node JS push messaging is also added along with the mobile app such that when someone is at the door a notification pops out. They can Open or Close the door using the buttons in the app. When pressed the data is sent to Firebase Database and retrieved by the Raspberry Pi which then operates the door.

Flow Diagram

Block Diagram of Door Access System

Bill of Materials:

Materials

Cost (in Rs.)

Logitech camera

1350

Raspberry Pi 3B

3500

Micro-Stepper motor

400

Push Button

50

Contingency

700

Total

6000

 

Future scope

  • Face recognition can be implemented to allow family members /regular guests
  • It can be integrated with a burglar alarm and inform the police of intruders 

Conclusion

The project “Intelligent Door Access Management System” has been tested real-world scenario and the door is opened or closed by the commands given by the user

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GPS-based Child Tracker with Emergency Text Alerts IoT Project

The hectic life of parents makes it very difficult to personally look after the kids. To overcome the problem of personal monitoring of children, we have come up with the idea of a GPS-based tracker with text alerts when the child is not present in the specified region.

Problem Statement:

To solve the problem of difficulty in keeping a check on children while they are playing in open areas while letting the children have their freedom to play from constantly being mocked by parents and to monitor the whereabouts of children by working parents. There is a similar project on Women Security System that can be seen here

Project Working Process:

Hardware Components

  • Arduino UNO
  • GPS Module
  • GSM/GPRS Module 

Software’s Used

  • Arduino IDE
  • Android (MIT App Inventor)

In this context, the solution we propose is a GPS-based Child Tracker with Emergency Text Alerts android application that can help parents in tracking the presence of their children. This application works with the help of android mobile-enabled with the ‘SMS’ feature and ‘Global-Positioning System (GPS)’ on the GSM network.

This Child Tracker with Emergency Notifier application works in two ways, the first is GPS-based is related to Location services, and the second is SMS-based which is related to Network services. In case when the Location-based services not working then the application alternatively use Network-based services that can send and receive messages.

Block Diagram:

CHILD TRACKER WITH EMERGENCY NOTIFIER Block Diagram

The GSM and GPS module is connected to Arduino Uno. The GSM module has a sim (data) through which we can receive message alerts and the GPS helps to track the location.

The data is sent to the cloud from GSM using AT commands and HTTP. The cloud is connected to the mobile app and the data is displayed in the app installed on the parent’s mobile.

Useful Projects on Self Security in Emergency Situations:

Self Security through GPS based Protection System

Stay Safe Women Security Android App Project Report

The GPS-based Child Tracker with Emergency Text Alerts app is integrated with maps and geo-fence.

The GPS is connected to Arduino using a VCC pin, GND pin, RX pin, and TX pin. Connections: VCC to 3V3, GND to GND, RX to TX, and TX to RX respectively. GSM is connected to Arduino using VCC, GND, RX, and TX pins. Connections: VCC to 5V, GND to GND, pin 3 to TX, pin 4 to RX respectively.

A tiny GPS++ library is included. Using IBM cloud (node-red flow editor) the data is sent to a mobile app developed using MIT app inventor.

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Home Safety and Security System Using IoT Project

The main objective of the Home Safety and Security System Using IoT project is to implement a home safety and security system with the following features:

  • Monitoring and detection of leaks in LPG gas
  • Unauthorized opening of door/window

Hardware Requirements:

The hardware for the project consists of:

GISMO-V board with:

  • ESP32 dual-core 32-bit processor with Wi-Fi and BLE
  • MQ6 sensor module
  • Magnetic switch assembly
  • 0.96” OLED display with 128×64 resolution

Cloud Platform:

In this project, we are going to use Google’s firebase as a cloud database. It is a No-SQL database in which data is stored as Key-Value pairs.

To access the database the following credentials are required

  • Host URL
  • Database authentication key

These credentials are put into the ESP32 firmware to access the Google Firebase.
The keys used to store the parameter values in the project are:

  • IOTLAB/HSSS/Gas_Leak
  • IOTLAB/ HSSS/Window_Open

Mobile App:

  • The Modular rapid mobile app development utility is used for the development of the mobile app. The utility has two modes, a Developer mode, and a Blocks mode. Different functional blocks are available in developer mode, they are – User Interface, Sensors, Connectivity, Firebase, and so on.
  • In the Blocks mode, a timer with timing set to two seconds will fetch the LPG gas concentration and magnetic switch status values from the Firebase database and fill it in the appropriate place in the UI.
  • To access the Firebase dataset its credentials will be placed in the Firebase component of the Modular app.

Mobile App development of Home Safety and Security System Using IoT Project

Results and Conclusions:

With the help of the MQ6 sensor and magnetic switch, we monitored the leakage in LPG gas and also the window/door open status.
We can get notified with the help of the mobile app.

Download the complete Home Safety and Security System Using IoT Project code, report, ppt, design document, and SRS.

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A Smart & Secure Helmet IoT Project

Abstract

This Smart & Secure Helmet IoT Project is aimed at using the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) and chemistry with the rider’s helmet to provide extensive safety, guidance, and health care features. The following features are planned to be implemented in a phase-wise manner in the project :

1. Internet of Things(IoT) based traffic emergency system

2. Internet of Things(IoT) based traffic guidance system

3. Extensive protection from sunstrokes

4. GPS tracking

All these facilities are to be implemented on the helmet with maximum cost efficiency to make the final product within the reach of the Indian common man.

Goal

The goal of this project is :

  • To provide advanced traffic safety mechanisms through IoT to the people at affordable costs.
  • To provide IoT-based traffic guidance system to the people – first target: Tier-1 cities in India
  • To provide extensive protection from sun strokes, especially during the hot summer season in India
  • To make this project an innovative platform for many other applications like Easy GPS tracking, Health sensor, etc.

Motivation

There has been a multiple-fold rise in the number of road accidents in recent days and many times, emergency services have faced difficulty in a timely response to the situation.

In large cities, sometimes the emergency services find it difficult to locate the spot of the accident based on a phone call.

Companies(logistics, customer service) face difficulties in tracking the vehicles of their employees

Even with the heavy risk of not wearing a helmet, People do it as they find it inconvenient to wear a helmet in hot humid sub-Continent conditions. Our new chemical system compartment in the helmet solves it.

All these situations prompted us to look into the possibility of IoT coming up helping people in these cases and we found out that in the initial phases of our project, we can use the helmets used by people while driving. Later the same technology can be used on other vehicles to provide an all-around extensive safety mechanism.

Class Diagram:

ADVANTAGES

The helmet will be mounted with appropriate sensors at appropriate positions on the helmet. They are calibrated to sense high impact due to an accident or crash.

Once they detect the designated input, the rider’s location is immediately sent to a cloud of hospitals, and the nearest hospital is notified about that so that the ambulance can reach the spot immediately.

1. Immediate response to any accident by the emergency services since all of them become a part of the network (of things).

2. The location of the accident is too updated to the emergency services so that finding the location won’t be much trouble.

3. Details of the personnel are also updated to the emergency service center so that formalities of paperwork may be completed beforehand.

4. Continues tracking of employees for Companies like logistics, customer service, etc.

5. Proper Traffic Guidance using Google Services.

6. Humidity reduction inside Helmet.

7. Many inbuilt Bluetooth facilities like automatic call acceptance (while driving) etc.

Conclave on the Internet of Things provided us with exposure to the applications of the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) and several other creative approaches that solve day-to-day problems by invoking the interconnection and sharing between the day-to-day products.

Apart from the conclave, we would like to appreciate the suggestions and help from the faculties which proved to be a priceless booster to our project.

We are a team dedicated to the research and development of creative solutions to day-to-day problems. We aim at creating smart, simple, innovative ad cost-effective solutions which could be affordable for the common man of India.

Future Work

PROTOTYPE-II: To implement a traffic guidance system using Google services.

PROTOTYPE-III: To implement a fully integrated traffic safety and guidance system

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Cloud-enabled Vehicle Theft and Accident Detection System Project

For vehicle theft, in this project for the opening of the door we first click on the button, after a few seconds we get an OTP (random number) generated by Arduino through the GSM module to the phone number stored in the Arduino, we again text back the same random number.

After some time the OTP will be checked, if it’s correct the door will be opened, in our Vehicle Theft and Accident Detection System project the servo motor rotates, if it’s wrong the buzzer will ring indicating someone is opening or stealing the vehicle

A mobile phone is also used for the owner’s interaction with the device installed in the vehicle, so that, when the owner wants to track the vehicle, only he/she can do it.

PROPOSED WORK

In this Cloud-enabled Vehicle Theft and Accident Detection System Project work, we use the accelerometer to detect the position on different axis (to detect the toppling condition) of the vehicle during an accident. The output of the accelerometer acts as an input to the microcontroller present on the board. The GSM & GPS module fitted onto the device computes the latitude and longitude value for the vehicle. The time, latitude, and longitude values are recorded periodically. The sensor value is transmitted to the cloud in the event of an occurrence of an accident.

A continuous application runs in the background and recursively compares each vehicle’s sensor field to some standard value. A deviation from the standard value retrieves the address of the location from the last updated longitude and latitude via the API.

The occurrence of an accident is promptly reported to nearby hospitals and the police through the messaging service. With the GSM and GPS module installed in the device, the location of the car can be tracked in real-time, which helps the police to recover a stolen car.

Download the complete CLOUD-ENABLED-VEHICLE-THEFT-AND-ACCIDENT-DETECTION-SYSTEM source code, Project Report, PPT, and Output Video Files and Android apk.

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Temperature Based DC Fan Control ECE Project Abstract

The point of the project is to outline a programmed temperature based fan control system that controls the speed of the fan. On the off chance that the temperature expands the speed of the fan additionally increments, and the temperature diminishes the speed of the fan likewise diminishes.

Mechanizing the on/off condition of a fan is valuable from numerous points of view it keeps the misuse of vitality when it’s not sufficiently hot for a fan to be required; it additionally makes it conceivable to screen situations that are not happy, or conceivable, for people to screen, particularly for broadened timeframes.

By interfacing a temperature sensor to a PolyBlock in Compare Mode, it’s very easy to turn on a fan when the incentive from the temperature sensor surpasses a given edge. Associating the fundamental segments for a Temperature Controlled Fan is clear. The thought is that the temperature sensor delivers a voltage that is corresponding to the temperature in degrees.

The project comprises of a microcontroller a temperature sensor ADC DC motored fan and a DC engine driver, the temperature sensor ADC and a DC engine driver are interfaced to the microcontroller. At the point when the framework is exchanged on the microcontroller empowers every one of its peripherals and begins perusing the information from the ADC and contrasts those qualities and the set predefined esteems if the temperature esteem surpasses the set predefined esteems then the microcontroller works the DC engine driver to expand the driving ebb and flow of the engine in order to build the speed and abatement the driving ebb and flow when temperature diminishes this shows the ADC esteems are straightforwardly corresponding driving ebb and flow of the DC engine, the DC engine driver is thusly associated with the DC engine.

In this way, we outline a temperature based microcontroller worked DC fan control.

Block Diagram of Temperature Based DC Fan Control System

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Wi-Fi Based Water Level Monitoring & Motor Pump Controller

This development is used to overcome the pressure of physical process of water pump motor control. The purpose can be divided in sensing unit and control unit. The sensing unit is a contactless ultrasonic sensor which can evaluate an obstacle up to 4 meters. In our case,

In our case, an obstacle for the sensor is water surface level. The ultrasonic digital sensor section is interfaced with the microcontroller. The control unit is the motor on/off the circuit.

Microcontroller used in this the project is ATMEGA328.The water level is monitored remotely using wi-fi communication with the android app. We are using ESP8266 module to transmit data to remote end. The water pump motor is connected through relay driver. The motor pump can be turned On / Off using android app.

Software:

• ARDUINO IDE
• EMBEDDED CPP CODE
• PROTEUS SIMULATOR

Hardware:

1. ATMEGA328 Microcontroller
2. Ultrasonic sensor Module HC-SR04
3. Relay Driver
4. Water Motor Pump
5. ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module

BLOCK DIAGRAM: