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Brain Machine Interface Seminar Topic

Introduction to brain machine interface:

In this paper, we will see how the brain machine interface is made and how the capabilities of the human being can be extended. We will about the advantages of using brain machine interface and the problems faced by this.

The capabilities of a human being are limited and a capability of a machine is higher but it cannot think of its own. Research is going on for making a machine to interface with the brain by which the capabilities of a human being are far extended.

Brief on brain machine interface:

The human brain takes decisions based on the impulses generated in the body and in a human body we find millions of neurons which generate impulses. So a chip is designed and it is placed in the human body and it is made to integrate with the nerve fibers. The chip is interfaced with a remote computer outside.

The chip senses the impulses generated in the body and performs the tasks with the help of the remote computer or the server located outside. The chip is designed by using nano technology and it is constructed in such a way that it can generate the power required for it through heat generated in the body or by the flow of blood circulation.

The chip has successfully placed a body of professor in a university and he could control the appliances without lifting his hand from a given range.

Proposed Brain Systems in Future:

The proposed brain machine interface chip can be very helpful to make the organisms to work properly for the paralyzed patients. By using brain machine interface the human capabilities gets increased a lot and many technological advancements can be made.

But due to this there may differentiation in between the persons who are using the interface chips and the normal human being. All details about this system explained in the given ppt presentation.

Computer lovers can easily download brain System Technical Paper to improve their knowledge on Brain Machine Interface Application.

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Automatic Solar Panel

In our project Automatic Solar Panel we implemented an automatic sun tracking system by utilizing the services of light dependent resistor, the LDR’s position is monitored by the micro controller based on this the angular movements of the DC motor is controlled. It is an intelligent solar power generation system because it generates the energy by itself it doesn’t require any manual operation.

Renewable energy resources are rapidly gaining importance in the field of electrical power generation. We know that solar energy is the most available and popular renewable energy resource, so we need to utilize the solar energy so we implemented a system which tracks the solar energy in its semi circular cycle.

Video link to view circuit diagram, block diagram

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqktCHoWGPg&feature=youtu.be

Proposed system:

The Automatic Solar Panel system is an closed loop system designed to align the solar panel toward the sun rays. Here in this project the angular position of the solar panel is controlled by the dc motor which is interfaced with the control system circuitry having micro controller setup. The LDR detects the maximum intensity of the sun light and send the signals to the micro controller then the micro controller manipulates the dc motor for rotating the solar panel towards the maximum intensity regions.

Light Depended Resistor:

The name itself depicts that the resistance value is dependent on the intensity of the light i.e. such that the resistance is low whenever the sun light intensity is high and vice versa.

Fabrication:

The PCB fabrication is done to provide the electrical inter connections to various components in the circuit. This process involves drilling, cutting, cleaning, wiring, soldering and testing.

 Download Automatic Solar Panel Project Report

Observation:

We observed the working of Automatic Solar Panel project practically here we placed a black cloth on the four LDR’s to provide uniform light intensity then we removed the cloth on LDR1 panel moved forward, and we removed the LDR2 the panel moved backward like that we conducted serial verification and we found that the system is successful in detecting the variations in the sun light.

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Wireless Petroleum Level Indicator Project Report

Now a day’s the wireless and embedded technologies are enormously used in security managing systems. Here in this project “Wireless Petroleum Level Indicator”, we implemented an AT89S52 Microcontroller based tank level monitoring system for monitoring the fuel level in the tank and to control the thefts.

The system is comprised of Microcontroller, RF Transmitter and Receiver, limit switch for sensing the fuel level, IR Transmitter and Receiver, power detection circuit, GSM Modem, Voice Processing Unit at the receiver terminal of the control room. The systems mechanism is mainly divided into two phases one for sensing unit and the other is alert system.

Sensing circuit (transmitter section):

In phase 1, the transmitter circuit consists of IR Transmitter and IR Receiver; Power Detecting Circuit, RF Transmitter and remote controllers like oil well shutdown alarm, oil well power failure alarm, oil well running and oil theft alarm. Senses the abnormal conditions and sends information to the receiver using the RF transmitter.

Youtube video link to view circuit diagram and block diagrams

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7gqhobZwjw&feature=youtu.be

Project Title:

Wireless Petroleum Level Indicator

Alerting system (receiving circuit):

In phase 2, the receiving section had RF Receiver and alarm circuit works based up on the signals from the AT89S52 Microcontroller.

Object detection mechanism:

In this project the object the detected by IR light in IR transmitter and IR receiver circuit. Te mechanism of IR sensors in detecting the obstacle is explained in coming sections.

  • Oil well shutdown alarm: For sensing the time of oil well shutdown.
  • Oil well running alarm:  This suggests that the oil well is normal.
  • Power failure alarm: Prevent the transmission line from being stolen.
  • Guard against theft oil alarm: To sound the presence of thief’s.
  • Night patrol alarm: Ensure safe operation of the oil production.

Download Wireless Petroleum Level Indicator Project Report

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Laser Communication System Project Report

Laser communication system Project Report explains about new advanced communication strategy in the field of wireless communication. Several communication technologies are developed in recent days apart from those technologies lased communication systems having enormous applications.

These are next generation communication systems which had taken origin from the fiber optic systems. By implementing these networks we can communicate to other wirelessly.

Figure: the experimental kit of a laser communication system.

Project description:

In this project we transmit data by means of lasers instead of radio frequency signals, the laser torch acts as a carrier for the signal transmission. We used laser torches which can transmit the light up to the distance of 500 meters. This circuit had two major parts one the transmitter circuit and the other the receiver circuit.

Transmitter circuit:

The transmitter circuit consists of microphone transistor amplifier BC548, op amp μA741, and 1-mega-ohm pot meter with 9v input power supply.

Receiver section:

The receiver section comprises of NPN phototransistor for sensing the light, pre-amplifier to amplify the low amplitude signals, bypass capacitor for the prevention of loss of amplification, loudspeaker of 0.5W.

Youtube video link to view circuit diagram, block diagram.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGWrZEbjqhQ&feature=youtu.be

Condenser micro phone:

The use of the condenser micro phone is to produce a good quality audio signal to the user; these are highly sensitive in terms of capturing very little sounds and amplifying them to audible frequency. LM386 power amplifier with low power applications is used in this system in order to amplify the low power signals.

Download Laser Communication System Project Report

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Wireless LED Project Report

The main objective of Wireless LED project is to develop a wireless communication network operated for limited range of distances. So we implemented a “Laser based voice communication system” similar to the optical fiber communication system.

Wireless LED Project

Aim of the Laser communication system:

  • To facilitate interference free transmission of voice signals.
  • To maintain high rate of accuracy.
  • To achieve optimum secrecy with narrow beam divergence.

Circuit description:

Here in this project the laser torch acts as a carrier for laser beam transmission, we use photo LED laser transmitter in this circuit as a laser torch.

Youtube video link to view block diagram, circuit diagram for transmitter and receiver

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w90AQBAeOFY&feature=youtu.be

Power supply for the circuit:

The circuit works at 5v regulated dc supply for that we used rectifying unit having step down transformer, full bridge rectifier, smoothing filter and voltage regulator.

Condenser microphone:

A condenser microphone is used in this project for the conversion of audio signals into electrical signal for transmission. These are highly sensitive devices in terms of sensing low amplitude signals.

Transmitter section:

The transmitter section had a pre amplifier, operational amplifier, heat sink and laser emitting diode.

LED laser torch:

It acts as the medium for the laser emission; it is as similar as optical fiber system, and these LED’s can operate at bandwidth of 780-980nm.

Download Wireless LED Project Report

Receiving section:

Photo detector for sensing the laser signals, audio amplifier for driving the speaker, common emitter amplifier and loud speaker for increasing the low level audio signals audible level signals.

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Density Based Traffic Light Control System Report

In this density based traffic light control system project we presented an micro controller based traffic density controller for solving issues in existing system.

Density Based Traffic Light Control System

Now a day’s traffic controlling in the urban areas is becoming very difficult due to enormous increase of automobiles. So in order to rectify this problem we presented a nice way to regulate the vehicles in crowd and a junction area which eliminates the involvement of humans in its operation.

In recent days the wireless technologies were changing the entire criteria of the appliance control system and they acting as an crucial prospect in automation, due to the implication of the micro controller in the controller strategies the intelligent and the commanding prompts done by the human were easily performed by these fabricated chips in very less period of time at high levels of accuracy.

Youtube video link to view circuit diagram block diagram

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBRd4K3Hoe8&feature=youtu.be

Proposed system:

The prototype in this project is a four junction setup; an infrared receiver is placed quite opposite to the infrared transmitter at the each junction nodes.

Interference between the transmitter and the receiver causes a interrupt signal which activated the relay and the micro controller acts whenever a considerable amount of the vehicles deposited at the respective nodes. The micro controller sends the abrupt timing signals to the traffic lights based on the varying intensities of the vehicles.

Download Density Based Traffic Light Control System Project Report

Advantages:

  • Traffic supervisor with high accuracy and reliability.
  • Regulates the dense traffic with is less operational speed.
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Smart Antenna Technology for Mobile Communication Systems

Introduction:

In mobile communication networks we find antennas which work in Omni directional pattern. Due to Omni direction antennas the signals gets transmitted in all the directions but due to this we cannot find the same signal strength in all the directions.

As all the antennas are Omni directional we find interference of the signals due to which the signal disturbances occur. So as to transmit the signal in a particular direction we need to use smart antennas in this Smart Antenna Technology for Mobile Communication Systems paper we will see how smart antennas work and the principle behind the transmission of the signals.

Brief on smart antennas:

By using this antenna we can emit the beam of the spectrum to the particular user only and it allows us to separate the users by space division multiple access technique.

By using switching lobes which consists of basic switching functions by which we can separate the directive paths of the projected beams of the directive antennas. In order to use the received signal from the user we need to use dynamically phased arrays.

To decide the antenna pattern in up link and down link directions the array elements are calculated based on the complex weights which are done by signal processing unit.

Conclusions:

To meet the growing traffic needs we need to use smart antennas by which the potentiality of the network increases. By introducing the smart antennas we can increase the capacity of the time division multiple access systems by three times and we can find five times increase in code division multiple access technique.

The major drawbacks of smart antennas are the increase in transceiver complexity and difficulty in radio management. By using smart antennas we can use the radiation pattern in a specified direction by which we can improve the quality of communication.

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Wireless Power Transmission for Solar Power Satellites Seminar

Introduction to Wireless Power Transmission for Solar Power Satellites:

Due to growing need for energy sources we need to look for power generation sources. The fossil fuels are getting extinct so there is need for search of renewable sources for power generation. In this Wireless Power Transmission for Solar Power Satellites Seminar paper we will look into solar power sources for power generation and transmitting them in wireless pattern.

Space satellites need power and by using this technology we can transmit power wirelessly in the form of microwaves.

Wireless Power Transmission for Solar Power Satellites Seminar

Wireless power transmission pattern:

We use solar panels which consist of photo voltaic cells which trap the power and we transmit the stored energy in the form of microwaves. Previously there is no technology to convert microwaves to electricity but in the present days due to advancements it is possible. To convert the power in to microwaves we need to use a magnetron and it gets transmitted to the free space.

To receive the micro wave power we need a receiver which is called rectenna which consists of two dipoles which absorbs the transmitted power and the power received in this pattern has an output efficiency of 85 percent.

Technology Requirements:

By using this technology we can meet the energy requirements and the solar technology does not cause pollution. By using wireless power transmission we can transmit power to the space satellites and other devices by using microwave receivers. By using this technology we can transmit power to the required sources without the need of wires.

At present the wireless power transmission technology is still in a developing stage and will come into usage in the future.

This Seminar Presentation Covers the below topics:

  • Seminar Topic Background
  • Solar Power Satellite information
  • Microwave Power Transmission
  • Current Designs and explanation
  • Conclusion and Future design
Download the Wireless Power Transmission for Solar Power Satellites Seminar Paper Presentation.
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Optical Performance of the Grating Light Valve Technology Seminar

Introduction to grating light value technology:

The grating light value technology is used to enhance the performance capabilities in optical systems. These are mainly used in projection display systems to improve the quality of the picture. In this paper we will be discussing about the linear array module of 1080 GLV pixels. The GLV pixels cab is fabricated in such a way by which switching rates can be obtained at the speed of 20 nano seconds. In this Optical Performance of the Grating Light Valve Technology Seminar paper we will discuss grating light value pixel implementation and its working model.

Brief on grating value technology:

These produce an electro-mechanical response which can be tuned and this used for increasing the performance in various applications. The grating light value pixels are in an addressable diffraction grating form which consists of moving parts made on a silicon chip.

In each grating light value pixel we find dual supported parallel ribbons which are made of silicon nitride and they are coated with reflected aluminum as a top layer. When all the pixels form a flat reflective plane then they get turn off. The GLV driver chips receive the data in a linear rate which is similar in function like LCD driver chips.

Conclusions:

The linear grating light value has the capability to support 3 value color, frame sequential and line sequential systems. By employing this technology an unparalleled on screen response is achieved which has 99% uniformity, high contrast and greater corner to corner efficiency.

The efficiency of the grating light value pixels mainly depends on the aperture ratio, diffraction efficiency and reflectivity of the aluminum surface.

This Paper Includes:

  • GLV Device Fundamentals
  • The Linear GLV Array
  • Optical System Architecture
  • Image Quality and System Performance
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IABP Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Seminar Topic

Seminar Title:

IABP Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Seminar Topic

Introduction:

IABP Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump is the device that is used in the cardiac applications. They are used in the medical field for the operation like heart transplant, coronary artery bypass surgery. They are also used in the pharmacotherapy for helping the ventricular functions. They are used in the therapy that increases the cardiac functions of the patients. It also improves the oxygen supply by increasing the speed of the blood circulations in the arteries.  They use for the patients who have dysrhythmias and myocardial ischemia.

Component of AN IABP

IABP consist of two parts one catheter with balloon and the consoles that is used to regulate the inflation to the balloon and the deflation also.Catheter tip contain pressure device that in attached to the one end and gas reservoir that is attached to the other end. We can time it for inflation and deflation for the cardiac cycle. Its main aim is to improve the perfusion.

IABP Intra-Aortic Balloon

Indications For IABP Therapy:

They are used in the ICU or in the cauterization lab. This balloon can be inserted in both either right or left artery, after that they are threaded to 1cm or 2cm. we need to pass appropriate volume of He and CO2. Helium used are the lighter in weight and density and they can travel faster in the circuit of the balloon. While CO2 are slow so they have one advantage they can less harmful and as embolism is deceased and also decrease the rupturing of balloon.

They are used for the patients who are receiving chest pain again and again at the time interval, this method can be used for this, and it will reduce the symptoms. It also has many other features such as it reduces the heart rate and pulmonary artery diastolic pressures and it increases the gas flow in the vitals organs.

Download Seminar Topic on IABP Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump.