Category: Electronics projects Topics

Digital Video Channel to Home Btech ECE Project: DTH is transmission of digital video channel to home subscriber with the help of a small dish antenna. It uses a technology that enables a home to get high speed internet broadband access data communication, voice over internet protocol (VOIP) telephony etc with the help of an open standard Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) technology.

The video channels are displayed using a set top box and capable of demodulating Motion Picture Engineering Group (MPEG-2) standard videos. The return channel like voice over internet protocol and broadband access data communications are for the home terminal. The return channel is an open standard via the satellite is known as RCS.

DVB-RCS technology with hardware compatible is readily present in the market in both Ku-band and C-band. DVB-RCS is an international open standard for multimedia satellite network with which return data rates in access of 2 Mbps with the low cost user terminals. The forward ink is usually at 40 Mbps.

Nowadays most TV customers are having programming via a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) provider like DISH TV or DTH platform. DTH extends as Direct-To-Home television. It refers as the reception of satellite programmes with a personal dish in a particular home. With DTH technology, there is no need of local cable operator and it has put the broadcaster directly in touch with the user and cable operators is able to receive satellite programmes which are distributed to individual homes.

DD Direct is launched by Doordarshan, Dish TV is launched by Essel Group and has different set top box along with Smart card facility to decode paid channels. NSS 6, Ku-band satellite provides interactive access to high speed internet.

Conclusion:

DTH, Direct-To-Home, connects urban, rural and remote areas of the country that provides communication, education and entertainment just at a click of a button. Broadband noise will have negligible effect on GMRT Observations. Narrow band noise can cause RFI.

Download Digital Video Channel to Home Btech ECE Project.

This Digital Parking System ECE Project Download aim is to design a three tier parking system. This project shows how to keep a track of how cars are parked. The lowest tier parks cars for short interval of time. The middle tier contains cars that remain for 1-3 hours. The upper tier parks those cars which remain for three hours.

This is a technology that takes the picture of the approaching car present at the main gate. The system assigns a password to the car user who is visiting for the first time. The user enters the password and the system checks the space for the parking in the parking area. 

If space is available then the electronic main gate open and the user will get access to park the car inside. If no space is available then the main gate will not open. In this case, the system checks the car parked which is present for the longest interval and notifies its user to remove the car park parked in the upper tier.

The software tools used in this project are Turbo c++ and JCreator 2.5, Mozilla Firefox browser, Web server, and MY SQL for database management. The modules of this project are User profile module, Device Management Module, Time management module, Geographical module, Security Module, Design Module, and Cost Management Module.

The Design Requirements with Basic input and output are Number of vehicles entering/exiting the parking lot and Number of violators. The features of this project have successful functioning such as technology, feasibility, efficiency, and optimum cost.

Conclusion:

The project concludes on to develop a technology of advanced parking system that will implement many innovations. This technology allows maximizing of parking capabilities, intimates drivers, and prevents unauthorized vehicles. The unauthorized vehicles get tracked by a camera that records license plates of the corresponding vehicles and the images will be transferred to a recording device.

Digital Visitor Counter Electronics Seminar Abstract Digital visitor counter is a reliable circuit which over takes the role of counting number of persons/visitors in the room very accurately. When anyone enters into the room, the counter is incremented by one and the total number of persons present in the room is displayed on LCD. Visitor counting is a counter of the number of visitors entering and exiting in offices, malls, sports, venues, room etc. Visitor counter helps to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of employees, floor area and sales potential of an organization.

Visitor counting has not any limit to the entry/exit point of a company but it has a wide range of applications which give information to management on the volume and flow of people in a location. The basic method for counting the number of visitors includes sharing human auditors to standard manually that tallies the visitors who enter or exit by a particular location. It is readily available in the market and is easy to build.

The counter is incremented by one as somebody enters into the room and number of persons is displayed on LCD present in a room. It is done by microcontroller. It gets the signals from the sensors and these signals are stored in ROM.

Microcontroller AT89s52 continuously operates the sensor as a person passes by the sensor and then the falling light rays on the sensor are obstructed and, this obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller and this controller will increment the counter by 1 in the LCD display.

The components used in this system are 555 Timer IC, LCD [16*2], Microcontroller [AT89s52], Frequency Crystal [11.0592 MHz], Capacitors, Voltage regulator [7805], LDR, and Relay. There are two types of capacitors used. They are Paper Capacitor [22pf] and Electrolytic Capacitor [10 uf -16 V].

Conclusion:

This project provides enriched learning experience to count the number of visitor in any particular location.

Download Digital Visitor Counter Electronics Seminar Abstract.

Digital Invisible Ink Data Hiding Based on Spread-Spectrum: In olden days with the help of steganographic skills, secrets messages were hidden. Steganographic techniques consist of two branches, linguistic steganography and technical steganography. Linguistic steganography has two classes of methods. Delivering secret messages by an open code and semagrams secrets expressed in the form of drawing or script.

In real world, writing with invisible ink is the most renowned skill as per technical steganography. Invisible ink is a substance which is used in steganographic schemes to write the secret messages invisibly on papers. During writing the secret message, the ink is invisible and later on the hidden message made visible with different methods.

For instance, message written with diluted acid liquids is made visible by heating the paper. So by applying chemical liquids or vapors on the paper, viewing the paper under ultraviolet light etc invisible message can be made visible.

Based on steganography, some characteristics of invisible-ink are as follows: Prenegotiated manipulations for correct extraction of genuine secrets, the received paper deformed by prenegotiated manipulations, and cover messages as camouflage etc. Spread-spectrum watermarking technique is also a well known data hiding schemes.

There is a positive contribution with the pseudo-randomness of the watermark vector to hide the message and the ratio of valid messages bits is reduced to about 50% and the message bits are unpredictable.

 Digital Invisible Ink Data Hiding Based on Spread-Spectrum Conclusion:

Models, implementations, and applications of invisible ink for data hiding are illustrated in this document. Secret messages can be embedded without alternation to the original work. The proposed digital-invisible-ink scheme gives secrecy by enabling plausible deniability. Potential dangers for delivering secrets with the help of watermarking applications are also used to hide the data. With the help of digital-invisible-ink schemes, we are still trying to have better robustness against geometric and filtering attacks in the active-warden scenario that should also provide better secrecy.

Download Digital Invisible Ink Data Hiding Based on Spread-Spectrum.

The goal of this Differential Drive Robotic Rover ECE Seminar Topic ECE Seminar Topic is to design “DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE ROBOTIC ROVER.” This project is about how the robot senses the obstacles and automatically changes its position. Robot has two motors that control the pair wheels and help to move left, right, backward, forward, and follow its path. With the help of obstacle sensor, it can sense the object. IR pair detects the obstacle. The two main parts that helps in working of IR are the emitter and the detector. The emitter is an LED which emits near-infrared light.

This project describes about how robot moves according to path when it senses an obstacle and changes its direction. The basics of this project are to have an idea about IC L293D DC motor control, to understand the working and construction of the Obstacle Avoidance Car, to have an idea about Microcontroller, Knowledge in selection of components according to the function and requirements, to have idea in Mechatronics System Design, Exposure on rectification of the system, and Troubleshooting.

This project mainly targets on to construct an Obstacle avoidance car with the help of Motor controller IC. The obstacle senor helps the robot to avoid clash from any external devices or any obstacle. The transmitter produces the IR rays and is received by the receiver section.

Microcontroller Unit is the heart of the circuit because it controls all the operations of a circuit to obtain the accurate result. In this project, we are using AT89C51 controller. The microcontrollers have 40 pins and 4 ports and each port has 8 pins. The controller generally works on the transistor logic. Obstacle sensing robot is used in the toys and army application.

 Differential Drive Robotic Rover ECE Seminar Topic Conclusion:

This project is proved practically with the help of IR pairs to sense the robot. L293D for the driving the dc motor, dc motor is used to test the movement of the robot by using microcontroller.

Download Differential Drive Robotic Rover ECE Seminar Topic.

Development of Web Enabled Embedded System for Commercial Appliance and Password Protected Email is an electronic mail protocol for sending, receiving, and storing electronic messages. It gained popularity with the wide spread of the Internet. It controls commercial appliances from a local server with the help of the Internet. It needs personal computers, microcontroller, ac phase control circuits and microcontroller control software to control commercial appliances and to regulate their output power.

Fans, lights, motors and AC are automated on an embedded platform. This project Development of Web Enabled Embedded System for Commercial Appliance and Password Protected is used in labs.

With today’s advanced technology in the field of Microcontrollers, most of our daily living activities make use of microcontrollers in each and every application. This project has two pairs of IR sensors to sense the signals where the microcontroller receives the signal from the sensor and finally decisions are taken by microcontroller and associated software.

The microcontroller block has a major role in this project and microcontroller chip is PIC 16F877A and it is like heart of the project work. The PIC 16F877A microcontroller is a 40-pin IC.

Embedded System is the combination of both hardware and software to get a single specific task. These computer systems monitor, respond, or control an external environment and are connected to systems by sensors, actuators and other I/O interfaces. It should meet the timing & other constraints. An embedded system is a microcontroller-based, reliable, real-time control system, software driven, autonomous, or human or network interactive, operating on diverse physical variables and in diverse environments and sold into a competitive and cost conscious market.

Conclusion:

This project is tested and developed successfully in the laboratory. The microcontroller runs the loads when an email has received and loads connected here are fan, light, AC and motor. With the help of this system, we can switch ON and OFF all the devices at a time.

Download This Final Year ECE Student Summer training Project Report.

Detection and Removal of Cracks and In Digitized Paintings Project Abstract: There are many things which get breaks in the substrate like old paintings, the varnish or the paint. These breaks are called cracks or craquelure and caused due to drying, aging, and mechanical factors. Age cracks result because of nonuniform contraction in the canvas whereas drying cracks are due to the evaporation of components of volatile paint and shrinkage of the paint and mechanical cracks are caused with painting deformations like vibrations and impacts.

Hence digital image processing techniques are used to detect and remove the cracks on digitized paintings. It is also used as a nondestructive tool for the actual restoration. The user must select an area on each crack that to be restored. The formers generally based on partial differential equations (PDEs) and on the calculus of variations.

The technique includes the following stages. They are crack detection, separation of the thin dark brush strokes which are misidentified as cracks, and crack filling (interpolation).

The cracks are identified and detected by thresholding which is an integrated methodology for removal of cracks. Furthermore, a thin dark brush strokes are removed with the help of either a median radial basis function neural network or a semi-automatic procedure based on region growing. Ultimately, crack filling such as median filter is done.

The existing tools like PhotoShop has an option like blur. This option roughly pixel the transformations but there is no exact filling procedure in this existing system. The proposed system has exact crack detection and filling procedure which includes top-hat transformation, region-growing algorithm (grassfire algorithm) and median filter procedures.

Conclusion:

This paper is all about the cracks which are detected with the help of top-hat transform. The thin dark brush strokes are misidentified as cracks which are separated either by an automatic technique (MRBF networks) or by a semi-automatic approach.

Download Detection and Removal of Cracks and In Digitized Paintings ECE Final Year Project Report.

Design And Implementation Of 64 Bit ALU Using VHDL: VHDL is standard language of an industry for the modeling, description, and synthesis of digital circuits and systems. It extends as Very High Speed Integrated Circuits (VHISC) program. It needs standard language for describing the structure and function of integrated circuits (IC).

VHDL is suited with programmable logic devices for designing. Now engineers can quickly and efficiently accomplish a design with the help of large capacity CPLDs and FPGAs of 500 to 100,000 gates. This language is a high level language to describe large circuits to market rapidly.

VHDL gives support to creation of libraries to store components for reuse in particular designs. It provides probability of code between synthesis and simulation tools. It is a device of independent design. It also converts a design from a programmable logic to an ASIC implementation.

VHDL enables logarithmic register transfer and logic gate level. With the help of VHDL, a user is able to abstract implementation details of a design. VHDL provides mixed level design described in a high level of abstraction and also in a lower level of abstraction. The mixed level simulation focuses on the design of the timing critical modules.

VHDL describes a model for a digital hardware device. It specifies the external and internal views of the device. The building blocks of VHDL language are Entity, Architecture, Package, and Process. There are different modelling styles such as dataflow style of modelling, structural style of modelling, and behavioral style of modeling etc.

Design And Implementation Of 64 Bit ALU Using VHDL Conclusion:

Behavioural modelling and structural modelling provide the implementation of 64 bit ALU. The design of an ALU includes logical operations which are implemented with simple gates to operate independently. The mathematical operations of ALU are performed using repeated additions. Multiplication and division are designed as a single unit along with other operations of ALU. The design has three modules and outputs are combined at the top most level using a multiplexer.

Download Design And Implementation Of 64 Bit ALU Using VHDL ECE & EEE B Tech/ BE Final Project Report and Document.

Design Verification and Synthesis of Floating Point Arithmetic Unit: An arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) carries out arithmetic and logic operations on the operands instructed by the computer. ALU is the part of computer and is divided into two units as an arithmetic unit (AU) and a logic unit (LU). Few processors have one or more number of AU like one is for fixed-point operations and another for floating-point operations.

Arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are performed by arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) performs. It also performs logical operations such as AND, OR, shift left and shift right etc.

A floating-point unit (FPU) is also a part of a computer system which carries out operations on floating point numbers. The typical operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Integer arithmetic performs operations on integers. It takes integers as an input and also gives integer as an output and the operations of integer arithmetic such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logical operations and shifting.

Adders are implemented by taking multiple copies of simple components and the components are half adders and full adders. Division is implemented in the form of formula as Dividend=(divisor * quotient) + remainder. A simple floating point number (N) uses a fraction (F), base (B), and exponent (E) which is expressed as N=F * BE. Logic synthesis is the method of converting a high-level description into an optimized gate-level presentation and given by standard cell library and certain design constraints.

Conclusion:

The floating point arithmetic unit contains floating point adder, floating point subtractor, floating point multiplier, floating point divider thoroughly verified by the test bench module. Using RTL Cadence Synthesis Tools, more information is provided about cells, power, timing analysis for performing floating point operations. With the help of design of arithmetic unit, we can implement low power consuming floating point and high speed processors and also parameterized modules can be implemented for floating point arithmetic unit.

Download Design Verification and Synthesis of Floating Point Arithmetic Unit ECE & EEE B Tech/ BE Final Project Report and Document.

This Zigbee Network Based Heart Monitoring System for Pre-Mature Babies Projects for Engineering Paper introduces Zigbee technology in monitoring the heart rate of pre-mature babies, which broadens the previous radio standards to include higher flexibility, security and reliability. It includes features like mobility, low power consumption, longer battery life and hence can be incorporated in everyday applications.

Wireless communication popularly shortened to “Wireless” as the name indicates is a kind of tele-communications without the use of wires or cables. It is a good replacement to overcome impractical considerations like long distance cabling and perfect for usage over long distances, provides connectivity through satellites connecting mobiles, workstations etc. GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth are names synonymous with wireless.

In this project, Zigbee aims at upgrading heart monitoring systems such as ECG. The Zigbee wireless network is used to monitor the heart-rate of premature babies kept in different incubator rooms. Through wireless technology, their heart rate is closely examined and any signs of increase in heart rate or vice-versa can be communicated to the central monitoring system and immediate aid can be provided. Every baby’s heart rate is monitored by an individual Zigbee sensory nodule and information sensed by it is transmitted to the Zigbee central coordinator which in turn relays the information to the central monitoring system through LAN. The central coordinator will alert the central monitoring system if any premature baby requires immediate attention.

Conclusion:

A heart-rate monitoring system in hospitals requires to be operated all the time. Thus, Zigbee technology offering low power consumption, low cost, high battery life, less interference with other wireless devices and hence is ideal for heart-rate monitoring systems. Moreover, it is capable for remote monitoring and is less expensive than other heart rate monitors available in the market which use Bluetooth technology. Thus, Zigbee technology aims at infusing simple and cost-effective wireless technology options seamlessly into the market and targeting mainly automation and remote control applications.

Download A Zigbee Network Based Heart Monitoring System for Pre-Mature Babies Projects for Engineering CSE Computer Science Engineering B Tech/ BE Final Project Paper Presentation and Seminar PPT.