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Fault-Tolerant and Bayesian Approaches to Self-Organizing Neural Networks Heterogeneous  of gene expression provides insight  into  the  biological  character of  gene  interaction  with  disease  development , the environment,  and  drug  effect  at  the molecular level.   A Time  Lagged  Recurrent  Neural  Network  is proposed  for identifying and classifying the gene  patterns  from  the  heterogeneous  time series microarray experiments and from the dynamics  of  a  state-trajectory. The trajectory learning with Back propagation and time algorithm is able to recognize gene patterns differ with time.

The neural networks have two important functions in engineering world. They are pattern classifiers and as non linear adaptive filters. An artificial neural network is an adaptive system which means each parameter is altered during its operation and deployed to solve the problem and this is called the training phase.

This network is developed in a systematic step-by-step procedure that increases a criterion called as the learning rule. This network has input/output training data to convey the information that is must discover the optimal operating point. A neural network is a very flexible system with the help of a non linear nature.

An artificial neural network is system which receives an input, processes the data, and gives the output. The engineer chooses the network topology, the trigger function or performance function, learning rule and the criteria to stop the training phase in neural network design. A Bayesian network is a probabilistic graphical model to represent a set of random variables and their conditional dependencies via a directed acyclic graph (DAG).

Fault-Tolerant and Bayesian Approaches to Self-Organizing Neural Networks Conclusion:

This paper proposed and explored about the use of TLRNNs with dynamic trajectory learning and heterogeneous microarray experiments. TLRNN  iteratively  constructs  the  network,  train  the weights, and  update  the  time  information. Hence the changed number of trajectories and hidden nodes, the performance of the model is developed with the statistical criteria to search the best network architecture for prediction and medical diagnosis.

Download Fault-Tolerant and Bayesian Approaches to Self-Organizing Neural Networks Electronics and Communication Engineering ECE Final Year Project Report.

The BE Btech ECE Eye Writer Seminar Document is a low-cost eye-tracking glass. It is open source software that allows people suffering from neuromuscular syndrome which enable them to write and draw by tracking their eye movement and translating it to lines on a screen.

Eye writer device was created in 2003 for Tony “Tempt” Quan who was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig’s disease. Eye tracking is the method to measure either the point of gaze or the motion of an eye with respect to the head. An eye tracker is a device for measuring eye movement and eye positions.

These are utilized in research on the visual system, in psychology, in cognitive linguistics, and in product design. There are various methods for measuring eye movement. It uses video images with which the eye position is extracted. Other processes are based on search coils or electrooculogram.

Eye tracker measures rotations of the eye in several ways and falls into three categories. One type is an attachment to the eye like a special contact lens with an embedded mirror or magnetic field sensor and the eye movement is measured as the eye rotates. The second category is non-contact, optical method to measure movement of eyes. Light is reflected from the eye which is sensed by a video camera or optical sensor. The third category makes use of electric potentials which is measured with electrodes placed around the eyes. The electric signal derived with two pairs of contact electrodes around one eye is called Electrooculogram (EOG).

There are two types of eye tracking techniques used, Bright Pupil and Dark Pupil. Uses of this eye writer include Cognitive Studies, Medical Research, Laser refractive surgery, Human Factors, Computer Usability, Translation Process Research, Vehicle Simulators, Adult Research, Infant Research, Sports Training, etc.

 BE Btech ECE EYE WRITER Seminar Document Conclusion:

It is a boon to people suffering from ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) and other degenerative neuromuscular diseases and used for various research and development.

Download BE Btech ECE Eye Writer Electronics and Communication Engineering ECE Final Year Project Report & Seminar Topic.

The proposed system of this Embedded Smart Car Security System ECE Seminar Ideas preaches the owner if car is stolen, automated functions through image processing, security maintenance by behavior recognition, effective mobile communication for entire process, and GPS module has the precise locality by parsing received GPS signa.

The main objective of a low-cost extendable framework for embedded smart card security system is to implement image-recognition techniques which provide the functions required by advanced intelligent Car Security and to avoid vehicle theft and protect from unauthenticated users. The obtainable system is unable to predict information if a car is stolen.

The block diagram in this PowerPoint presentation consists of PC memory unit to store the different driver image. FDS (face detection subsystem) detects the face of the driver and compares with the predefined image. If image does not match then the information is send to the owner through MMS. Owner traces the location with GPS. With this system, owner identifies image of the theft image and location of the car.

The hardware components include are Microcontroller, Power supply, Keypad section, GSM module, Camera, and Ignition unit or Driver unit. Software tools include are Keil C cross compiler IDE, Flash magic programmer tool, Orcad hardware design tool, Visual basic 6.0, Matlab7.5, and languages include are Embedded C and Visual Basic.

The applications of this system are security applications, image processing applications, and banking applications. The advantages of this system are Flexibility and portable system, less cost and compact, effective security system, alert system, and optimized system.

Embedded Smart Car Security System ECE Seminar Ideas Conclusion:

The embedded smart car security system is proposed as a low-cost extendable framework that consists of a face detection subsystem, a GPS (Global Positioning System) module, a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) module and a control platform. These modules provide information to users to keep eyes on cars even if it is lost.

Download Embedded Smart Car Security System Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE & ECE Final Year Project Report.

Elements of Multimedia Rich Mobile Communication Abstract: Media in communications are the storage and transmission channels to store and deliver information or data. Media is the form and technology to communicate information and refers to means of communication such as television, radio, and the newspaper are different kinds of media.

Multimedia is the integrated multiple forms of media which includes text, graphics, audio, video, etc. Mobile multimedia is a set of protocols and standards for exchanging information in multimedia on wireless networks. It is mainstream systems of next generation mobile communications with large voice capacity, multimedia applications and high-speed mobile data services.

Today’s rich multimedia mobile communications has many various applications in our daily routine. Sharing of data is much easier with the help of different services in mobile communication. The mobile communication providers have got access to internet, voice messaging, video calls, MMS and much more in a mobile world.

The mobile generation from first generation (1G) to the Third Generation (3G) has a drastic change. Today’s mobile generation has got improved quality of voice communications and got the access to a new global communication which aims to reach communication ubiquity anytime and anywhere.

Fourth generation mobile wireless system is a packet switched wireless system and the 4G wireless uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Ultra Wide Radio Band (UWB), and Millimeter wireless.

The various elements contributed to Multimedia Rich Mobile Communication are Voice and Video, Messaging, Switched data, Medium and High Multimedia, mobile game, videoconference or video-conference etc. The technology uses protocols are CDMA, GPRS, and EDGE.

Elements of Multimedia Rich Mobile Communication Conclusion:

The mobile communication is growing day by day and to fulfill the ever-increasing demand of the mobile users is not at all a simple task. A grueling research in fields of science is finding a new innovative means of mobile communication to satisfy the mobile users. Today, mobile phones have rich multimedia support and many facilities which are making our lives exciting and easy.

Download Elements of Multimedia Rich Mobile Communication Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

The Electronics In Biomedical and Instrumentation provides the basics of electronics and electricity in advanced technical world linked with medical care. The advent of Electronics with Biotechnology promises an entire new class of devices like sensors and actuators (MEMS&NEMS) applied in diagnostics, biocompatibility, responsive drug delivery, self-assembly etc. The various applications include tests for emergency blood transfusions, blood grouping, samples from patients, or suspected heart attack.

The application of engineering techniques and principles in the medical field is nothing but a biomedical engineering. It closes the gap between engineering and medical and combines the problem and design solving skills of engineering with medical and biological sciences to have a developed healthcare diagnosis.

The integrated subjects consist of anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and cell biology and mathematics is a main part of this course.

Pacemakers, Ultrasound Machine CAT, Medical diagnostic systems are the recent advances in medical field developed by the Electronics and Instrumentation Engineers.

The Biomedical Electronics Technology helps to develop the interpersonal skills required in medical personnel. There are many job opportunities available with hospitals, medical equipment companies, and other medical facilities. Biomedical engineering has an evolution from interdisciplinary specialization to considered field.

BME is divided into major specialty areas such as Biomechatronics, Bioinstrumentation, Biomaterials, Biomechanics, Bionics, Cellular, Tissue, and Genetic Engineering, Clinical Engineering, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedic Bioengineering, Rehabilitation engineering, Systems Physiology, Bionanotechnology, Neural Engineering, and Biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. BME has many applications which is applied in various fields such as Biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, Tissue engineering, MRI, ECG, Einthoven’s ECG device, ECG graph paper, LEADS, Placement of electrodes etc.

Electronics In Biomedical and Instrumentation Conclusion:

Therefore it is concluded that electronics has a vital play in biomedical instrumentation since most biomedical equipments has electronic devices and circuits. With the use of electronics, the biological signals are converted into electrical signals and compared with the standard signal to get the final results.

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This Electronics Components Tester ECE Final Year Project focuses on different electronic components. The component described here is a microcontroller which is a single chip which has a processor (the CPU), non-volatile memory (ROM or flash), volatile memory for input and output (RAM), a clock and an I/O control unit. It is also called a computer on a chip and there is billions of microcontroller units (MCUs) embedded every year.

AT89S52 is a low-power with high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller. Few capabilities of 8051 microcontroller are Internal ROM and RAM, I/O ports with programmable pins, Timers and counters, and Serial data communication. This electronic component is used to identify faults in any electronic repairer.

AT89S52 device is manufactured with Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology which is compatible with 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash provides the program memory to reprogram in-system. Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller and provides a flexible and cost-effective solution to embedded control applications.

The AT89S52 has following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, two data pointers, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. It supports two software power saving modes.

This hardware is processed with a set of program instructions or software. The user familiar with hardware and software can apply the microcontroller to get the solution easily. A good electronic test must check the author’s credentials and make sure your own testing equipment using particular jobs.

Electronics Components Tester Conclusion:

Various digital multimeters have a capability to test diodes, transistors, and analogue multimeters which are widely use. This method of testing detects if transistor or a diode is operating. The failures include catastrophic, rendering the component completely inoperable and with the help of these multimeter tests, these failure are detected very easily and quickly.

Download  Electronics Components Tester Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

Electronic Card Lock System Final Year ECE Project Report For electronic/electrical appliances, the circuit described here is presented as a lock. , Depending on the punched hole on the card, when card is inserted a mechanism then particular appliance will be switched on. The card is inserted in the disk drive like a floppy disk and card must be in rectangular shape with only one punched hole.

The circuit makes use of four LDR and four white LED’s. If there is no card in the lock then the light falls on LDR and the resistance of LDR differs based on the incident light. The LDR is connected to comparator IC (LM-324). Relay is connected between appliance and the ULN.

LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is a small and round semiconductor. It is used to recharge the light while different changes occurs the light. The light dependent resistor controls heater inside the traffic light and light dependent resistors can be infrared detectors, clocks and security alarms.

The light dependent resistor is like a quarter shaped and is small in size. It changes the brightness of a light in every weather conditions. Comparator IC (LM 324) is an operational amplifier which performs mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, log, antilog etc and has two states +Vcc or –Vcc.

Resistor is an electronic component with two terminals which produces a voltage across its terminals and is proportional to the electric current and given by Ohm’s law as V = IR. Relay is an electrical operated switch. A capacitor is a passive electronic component that consists of a pair of conductors which are separated by a dielectric (insulator).

A diode is an electronic component that has two terminals, anode and cathode for conducting electric current in only one direction. A light-emitting diode (LED) is a light source semiconductor.

Electronic Card Lock System Final Year ECE Project Report Conclusion:

 This paper concludes about the different components which are applied in different fields for better output result.

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ECE Seminar on Dynamic Source Routing Protocol DSR: Ad hoc network routing is a great problematic to ensure efficient and fast packet forwarding. This paper describes about Dynamic Source Routing Protocol DSR that includes few aspects of ad hoc networks to evaluate route as mobility and energy.

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes to form a temporary network with the help of transmission medium radio waves. The specter for wireless transmissions is the specter present around the 2.4 and around the 5 GHz .The transmission range and the emission power ranges from 10 m for Personal Area Networks to 100-200 m for Local Area Networks which are regulated by laws in each country.

With the facility of use and deployment of MANET, it has got new applications day by day ranging in many fields like military applications, commercial application like Public and Personal Area Networks, and other under development applications are telemedicine, weather report and disaster environment.

MANET increases the size to have the threshold of thousands of nodes per system. Therefore, developed protocol for ad hoc networks must have mobility, energy and bandwidth constraints for the development of an efficient and effective routing or security protocol.

There are two nodes to ensure the delivery of a packet from sender to destination in ad hoc networks, the first one is an ordinary node and the second one is router. The dynamic topology of the network results a fast changing routes handled by the underlying routing protocol and this is problematic of ad hoc network. Other problems can be classified into the following protocols: reactive, proactive, and hybrid protocols.

ECE Seminar on Dynamic Source Routing Protocol DSR Conclusion:

Therefore there is an improved dynamic source routing protocol using a new metric to evaluate routes. The Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR) is a simple and efficient routing protocol used in multi-hop mobile ad hoc networks. The DSR network is completely self-organizing and self-configuring.

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