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Dsp & Fpga Based Integrated Controller Development Solutions for High Performance Electric Drives: Today’s latest drive control algorithms need advanced hardware and software platforms and includes engineering steps like off-line software simulation, hardware design and software implementation in a system. This paper is all about the general requirements of the microprocessor base digital control systems for drive control applications and integrated and flexible hardware and software environment for electric drives control.

The hardware system consists of flexible stand-alone boats and pc cards set basis on the digital signal processor family and advanced field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

The technical progress in drive control system has established larger requirements for signal acquisition, power devices, and control circuits and the advanced digital technologies introduced into real time power conversion applications are AICs, DSPs, FPGAs and CPLDs (Complex programmable logic devices), gate arrays.

The control algorithms for power conversion need high speed computing, efficient signal capabilities, fast interrupt response, and wide program-data memory spaces. The design flow of FPGA development process has the following steps: Design entry,     Compilation and logic optimization, Mapping, place and route, Interactive simulation and timing analysis, Optional-floor-planning, and Design verification and in circuit hardware debugging.

The processor kernel of the digital control system has following functions like dedicated I/O set for analog signal acquisition and generation (ADCs/DACs), interfaces for absolute and incremental encoders and other frequency signals, general purpose digital I/O, digital communication interfaces for a wide range of industrial standards (RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, current loop, fibre optic), and MMIs (man machine interfaces).

Conclusion:

The flexible integrated development system consists of hardware and the software part and has two modules FAL and FAL-RS. This system made possible PC simulations and real-time implementation of sophisticated sensorless drive control algorithms. The proposed sensorless drive control algorithm has the real features like high accuracy and fast response time. The laboratory experiments have started with 110KW VSI semi-commercial model

Download Dsp & Fpga Based Integrated Controller Development Solutions for High Performance Electric Drives Electronics and Communication Engineering ECE Final Year Project Report.

Drag Reduction in Ships Using Micro bubbles Technology Abstract: Drag is a mechanical force which is generated with a solid object that is moving through a fluid. There should be movement between the object and the fluid.  Drag acts in opposite direction to the direction of motion of the body.

When a body is moving then it experiences a drag force and it usually has two components, frictional drag which is called viscous drag and pressure drag which is called form drag or profile drag.

Frictional drag is generated with friction between the surfaces and the fluid on which it is flowing and it is associated with the developed boundary layers. Pressure drag is generated from the eddying motions which in the fluid with the passage of the body and is associated with the formation of a wake.

To the study drag reduction in ships, Microbubbles Technology is the latest development that reduces almost 20-80%. Microbubbles is a device of drag reduction which reduces skin friction of a solid body floating in water by injecting small bubbles into the turbulent boundary layer which is developing on the solid body.  The energy required for injecting bubbles at hull bottom is not small due to large ships which have large water depth by which the bubbles have to be injected.  Hence to reduce the amount of injected air microbubbles technology is applied.

The drag of a ship has two components, one is wave-making drag and another one is skin frictional drag.

Conclusion:

To generate a drag, the solid body should be in contact with the fluid.  If there is no fluid then there is no drag.  Drag is produced with the difference in velocity between the fluid and the solid object.  When the drag is dominated by viscous drag, then the body is said to be streamlined and when is dominated by pressure drag then the body is bluff. Viscous-drag or pressure-drag depends on the shape of the body.

Download Drag Reduction in Ships Using Micro bubbles Technology Electronics and Communication Engineering ECE Final Year Project Report.

Dotsoft the It Tool used in BSNL Final Year ECE Project: The external and internal structure of BSNL is as follows: External infrastructure, Lines and cables ( U/G including OFC ) and Internal infrastructure, Battery, Power Plant, E/A, A/C plant, MDF, Switches ( C-DOT, OCB 283, EWSD, AXE etc ), Leased Lines ( MLLN ), Broad Band, MPLS VPN.

The Services provided by BSNL are WLL: CDMA Technology, Internet, Broad Band, Managed Network Services, Mpls Vpn, Isdn, Leased Lines, Vsat, In Services, Value Added Services, Enterprise Solutions, Telegraph, Epabx, Data Communications, And Dspt Service..

BSNL managed network services include end-to-end Turn key Implementation (including CPE), proactive management through state of the art NoC, periodic reporting facilitating trend analysis, capability to provide VPN connectivity from any part of the country, and managed Firewall as well as IP Sec.

BSNL’s IP Backbone uses MPLS technology. It keeps pace with the technological trend to give latest value added services to its customers. MPLS VPN is a technology that allows a Service Provider like BSNL to get full control over parameters which are important offering its customer’s service guarantees in regard to bandwidth throughputs, latencies and availability. It enables secure Virtual Private Networks (VPN) that allows scalability and offers assured growth to its customers. BSNL is demanded Bandwidth that provides Video Conferencing, Voice Over IP (VoIP) and a host of value added services.

BSNL’s provides a diversified range of services (Layer 2, Layer 3 and Dial up VPNs) to get the requirements of the spectrum of customers from Small and Medium to Large business enterprises and financial institutions. It provides simple service to customers, and makes the service very scalable and flexible to have large-scale deployment. It provides a reliable and amenable service.

DOTSOFT the IT TOOL used in BSNL Final Year ECE Project Conclusion:

There are many IT tools which are utilized in the BSNL. DotSoft is the first integrated telecom application in BSNL that consists of commercial, billing, accounting, fault repair service and directory enquiry services. DotSoft networking elements are Hub, Modem, Router, and Switch.

Download DOTSOFT the IT TOOL used in BSNL Final Year ECE Project.

Digital Video Channel to Home Btech ECE Project: DTH is transmission of digital video channel to home subscriber with the help of a small dish antenna. It uses a technology that enables a home to get high speed internet broadband access data communication, voice over internet protocol (VOIP) telephony etc with the help of an open standard Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) technology.

The video channels are displayed using a set top box and capable of demodulating Motion Picture Engineering Group (MPEG-2) standard videos. The return channel like voice over internet protocol and broadband access data communications are for the home terminal. The return channel is an open standard via the satellite is known as RCS.

DVB-RCS technology with hardware compatible is readily present in the market in both Ku-band and C-band. DVB-RCS is an international open standard for multimedia satellite network with which return data rates in access of 2 Mbps with the low cost user terminals. The forward ink is usually at 40 Mbps.

Nowadays most TV customers are having programming via a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) provider like DISH TV or DTH platform. DTH extends as Direct-To-Home television. It refers as the reception of satellite programmes with a personal dish in a particular home. With DTH technology, there is no need of local cable operator and it has put the broadcaster directly in touch with the user and cable operators is able to receive satellite programmes which are distributed to individual homes.

DD Direct is launched by Doordarshan, Dish TV is launched by Essel Group and has different set top box along with Smart card facility to decode paid channels. NSS 6, Ku-band satellite provides interactive access to high speed internet.

Conclusion:

DTH, Direct-To-Home, connects urban, rural and remote areas of the country that provides communication, education and entertainment just at a click of a button. Broadband noise will have negligible effect on GMRT Observations. Narrow band noise can cause RFI.

Download Digital Video Channel to Home Btech ECE Project.

This Digital Parking System ECE Project Download aim is to design a three tier parking system. This project shows how to keep a track of how cars are parked. The lowest tier parks cars for short interval of time. The middle tier contains cars that remain for 1-3 hours. The upper tier parks those cars which remain for three hours.

This is a technology that takes the picture of the approaching car present at the main gate. The system assigns a password to the car user who is visiting for the first time. The user enters the password and the system checks the space for the parking in the parking area. 

If space is available then the electronic main gate open and the user will get access to park the car inside. If no space is available then the main gate will not open. In this case, the system checks the car parked which is present for the longest interval and notifies its user to remove the car park parked in the upper tier.

The software tools used in this project are Turbo c++ and JCreator 2.5, Mozilla Firefox browser, Web server, and MY SQL for database management. The modules of this project are User profile module, Device Management Module, Time management module, Geographical module, Security Module, Design Module, and Cost Management Module.

The Design Requirements with Basic input and output are Number of vehicles entering/exiting the parking lot and Number of violators. The features of this project have successful functioning such as technology, feasibility, efficiency, and optimum cost.

Conclusion:

The project concludes on to develop a technology of advanced parking system that will implement many innovations. This technology allows maximizing of parking capabilities, intimates drivers, and prevents unauthorized vehicles. The unauthorized vehicles get tracked by a camera that records license plates of the corresponding vehicles and the images will be transferred to a recording device.

Digital Visitor Counter Electronics Seminar Abstract Digital visitor counter is a reliable circuit which over takes the role of counting number of persons/visitors in the room very accurately. When anyone enters into the room, the counter is incremented by one and the total number of persons present in the room is displayed on LCD. Visitor counting is a counter of the number of visitors entering and exiting in offices, malls, sports, venues, room etc. Visitor counter helps to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of employees, floor area and sales potential of an organization.

Visitor counting has not any limit to the entry/exit point of a company but it has a wide range of applications which give information to management on the volume and flow of people in a location. The basic method for counting the number of visitors includes sharing human auditors to standard manually that tallies the visitors who enter or exit by a particular location. It is readily available in the market and is easy to build.

The counter is incremented by one as somebody enters into the room and number of persons is displayed on LCD present in a room. It is done by microcontroller. It gets the signals from the sensors and these signals are stored in ROM.

Microcontroller AT89s52 continuously operates the sensor as a person passes by the sensor and then the falling light rays on the sensor are obstructed and, this obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller and this controller will increment the counter by 1 in the LCD display.

The components used in this system are 555 Timer IC, LCD [16*2], Microcontroller [AT89s52], Frequency Crystal [11.0592 MHz], Capacitors, Voltage regulator [7805], LDR, and Relay. There are two types of capacitors used. They are Paper Capacitor [22pf] and Electrolytic Capacitor [10 uf -16 V].

Conclusion:

This project provides enriched learning experience to count the number of visitor in any particular location.

Download Digital Visitor Counter Electronics Seminar Abstract.

Digital Invisible Ink Data Hiding Based on Spread-Spectrum: In olden days with the help of steganographic skills, secrets messages were hidden. Steganographic techniques consist of two branches, linguistic steganography and technical steganography. Linguistic steganography has two classes of methods. Delivering secret messages by an open code and semagrams secrets expressed in the form of drawing or script.

In real world, writing with invisible ink is the most renowned skill as per technical steganography. Invisible ink is a substance which is used in steganographic schemes to write the secret messages invisibly on papers. During writing the secret message, the ink is invisible and later on the hidden message made visible with different methods.

For instance, message written with diluted acid liquids is made visible by heating the paper. So by applying chemical liquids or vapors on the paper, viewing the paper under ultraviolet light etc invisible message can be made visible.

Based on steganography, some characteristics of invisible-ink are as follows: Prenegotiated manipulations for correct extraction of genuine secrets, the received paper deformed by prenegotiated manipulations, and cover messages as camouflage etc. Spread-spectrum watermarking technique is also a well known data hiding schemes.

There is a positive contribution with the pseudo-randomness of the watermark vector to hide the message and the ratio of valid messages bits is reduced to about 50% and the message bits are unpredictable.

 Digital Invisible Ink Data Hiding Based on Spread-Spectrum Conclusion:

Models, implementations, and applications of invisible ink for data hiding are illustrated in this document. Secret messages can be embedded without alternation to the original work. The proposed digital-invisible-ink scheme gives secrecy by enabling plausible deniability. Potential dangers for delivering secrets with the help of watermarking applications are also used to hide the data. With the help of digital-invisible-ink schemes, we are still trying to have better robustness against geometric and filtering attacks in the active-warden scenario that should also provide better secrecy.

Download Digital Invisible Ink Data Hiding Based on Spread-Spectrum.

The goal of this Differential Drive Robotic Rover ECE Seminar Topic ECE Seminar Topic is to design “DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE ROBOTIC ROVER.” This project is about how the robot senses the obstacles and automatically changes its position. Robot has two motors that control the pair wheels and help to move left, right, backward, forward, and follow its path. With the help of obstacle sensor, it can sense the object. IR pair detects the obstacle. The two main parts that helps in working of IR are the emitter and the detector. The emitter is an LED which emits near-infrared light.

This project describes about how robot moves according to path when it senses an obstacle and changes its direction. The basics of this project are to have an idea about IC L293D DC motor control, to understand the working and construction of the Obstacle Avoidance Car, to have an idea about Microcontroller, Knowledge in selection of components according to the function and requirements, to have idea in Mechatronics System Design, Exposure on rectification of the system, and Troubleshooting.

This project mainly targets on to construct an Obstacle avoidance car with the help of Motor controller IC. The obstacle senor helps the robot to avoid clash from any external devices or any obstacle. The transmitter produces the IR rays and is received by the receiver section.

Microcontroller Unit is the heart of the circuit because it controls all the operations of a circuit to obtain the accurate result. In this project, we are using AT89C51 controller. The microcontrollers have 40 pins and 4 ports and each port has 8 pins. The controller generally works on the transistor logic. Obstacle sensing robot is used in the toys and army application.

 Differential Drive Robotic Rover ECE Seminar Topic Conclusion:

This project is proved practically with the help of IR pairs to sense the robot. L293D for the driving the dc motor, dc motor is used to test the movement of the robot by using microcontroller.

Download Differential Drive Robotic Rover ECE Seminar Topic.

Development of Web Enabled Embedded System for Commercial Appliance and Password Protected Email is an electronic mail protocol for sending, receiving, and storing electronic messages. It gained popularity with the wide spread of the Internet. It controls commercial appliances from a local server with the help of the Internet. It needs personal computers, microcontroller, ac phase control circuits and microcontroller control software to control commercial appliances and to regulate their output power.

Fans, lights, motors and AC are automated on an embedded platform. This project Development of Web Enabled Embedded System for Commercial Appliance and Password Protected is used in labs.

With today’s advanced technology in the field of Microcontrollers, most of our daily living activities make use of microcontrollers in each and every application. This project has two pairs of IR sensors to sense the signals where the microcontroller receives the signal from the sensor and finally decisions are taken by microcontroller and associated software.

The microcontroller block has a major role in this project and microcontroller chip is PIC 16F877A and it is like heart of the project work. The PIC 16F877A microcontroller is a 40-pin IC.

Embedded System is the combination of both hardware and software to get a single specific task. These computer systems monitor, respond, or control an external environment and are connected to systems by sensors, actuators and other I/O interfaces. It should meet the timing & other constraints. An embedded system is a microcontroller-based, reliable, real-time control system, software driven, autonomous, or human or network interactive, operating on diverse physical variables and in diverse environments and sold into a competitive and cost conscious market.

Conclusion:

This project is tested and developed successfully in the laboratory. The microcontroller runs the loads when an email has received and loads connected here are fan, light, AC and motor. With the help of this system, we can switch ON and OFF all the devices at a time.

Download This Final Year ECE Student Summer training Project Report.

Detection and Removal of Cracks and In Digitized Paintings Project Abstract: There are many things which get breaks in the substrate like old paintings, the varnish or the paint. These breaks are called cracks or craquelure and caused due to drying, aging, and mechanical factors. Age cracks result because of nonuniform contraction in the canvas whereas drying cracks are due to the evaporation of components of volatile paint and shrinkage of the paint and mechanical cracks are caused with painting deformations like vibrations and impacts.

Hence digital image processing techniques are used to detect and remove the cracks on digitized paintings. It is also used as a nondestructive tool for the actual restoration. The user must select an area on each crack that to be restored. The formers generally based on partial differential equations (PDEs) and on the calculus of variations.

The technique includes the following stages. They are crack detection, separation of the thin dark brush strokes which are misidentified as cracks, and crack filling (interpolation).

The cracks are identified and detected by thresholding which is an integrated methodology for removal of cracks. Furthermore, a thin dark brush strokes are removed with the help of either a median radial basis function neural network or a semi-automatic procedure based on region growing. Ultimately, crack filling such as median filter is done.

The existing tools like PhotoShop has an option like blur. This option roughly pixel the transformations but there is no exact filling procedure in this existing system. The proposed system has exact crack detection and filling procedure which includes top-hat transformation, region-growing algorithm (grassfire algorithm) and median filter procedures.

Conclusion:

This paper is all about the cracks which are detected with the help of top-hat transform. The thin dark brush strokes are misidentified as cracks which are separated either by an automatic technique (MRBF networks) or by a semi-automatic approach.

Download Detection and Removal of Cracks and In Digitized Paintings ECE Final Year Project Report.