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This this project is titled “Microcontroller Based Turbidity Meter Final Year Electronics project report” which uses low cost sensors which lowers the accuracy of the meter. It is also coupled with a calibration mode that calibrates the meter for using in the project. The main objective is to produce a turbidity meter which can be used in under developed countries.

The project defines turbidity as well. It is closely connected to the amount of light that is dispersed by a sample when light passes through it. It dispersed at 90 degrees. This project takes advantage of the fact that there is a relationship between optical scattering and turbidity. This relationship is utilized to measure turbidity of the samples of liquid.

When light is passed through a sample, all the particles suspended in it will not pass the light through. Thus some particles will reflect light from the suspension. This light will be reflected at right angles to the direction of the entry of light. The light source used in the project is a laser source and the detectors used are two photodiodes which detect the intensity of transmitted as well as reflected light.

In this project, 3000 ADC readings are taken after gap of 5 ms. The turbidity measured by this project- Microcontroller Based Turbidity Meter Final Year Elctronics project report is close in the region of the true measured turbidity. Though not 100% accurate, this project utilizes the concept of reflected/transmitted light voltage ratios for calculation of turbidity and offers a wide range for measurement of turbidity.

Conclusion:

This project cannot be used for measuring turbidities having a high resolution but other than that the project works successfully. It must be ensured that water measurements made by this device must be accurate, as the readings are based on that. The readings recorded are consistent in nature.

Download Microcontroller Based Turbidity Meter Final Year Elctronics project Report.

The project “Improved Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol Of 3G Btech ECE Project” provides the authentication procedure of connecting user to the network or vice-versa. This Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) brings out the faults associated with the methods of network attacks. Plus an improved form of the protocol is presented.

As the mobile communication network has developed and expanded the conditions of mobile users for data services keep increasing making them the main parameter for mobile. The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a mobile communication system of the third generation (3G) and it has been formulated by keeping in mind the protocols s framed by International Telecommunications Union (IMU).

3G services include a host of services that is multimedia, internet, data service and all these at a good package. However information transmitted in this domain needs to be protected from possible threats i.e. illegal access. This is where the project Improved authentication and key agreement protocol of 3G comes into picture which guarantees safe and encrypted communication.

The process begins with the user going to another country and is subscribed to the SN (Serving network). He then registers himself to be equipped with AKA protocol safety. The project lists out the procedure for securing the network. The major advantage of this protocol is that it offers a 128 bit authentication key and supports signal messaging integrity.

Conclusion:

Thus we can conclude that AKA procedures increase securities compared to the GSM network. It provides a lot of users that to access a secure network unlike 2G services which do not have this feature. The information that is exchanged in the network has been given highest level of confidentiality as well as encryption. Moreover this mechanism is flexible in nature also.

Download Improved Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol Of 3G Btech ECE Project.

This project AT89C51 Development Kit ECE Final Year Project Download is a designed microcomputer. The best advantage of this system is that it is compatible with MCS-51 products which bring in a lot of services. It possesses flash memory which can be programmed and is in-built into the system. The endurance power of this system is around 4K bytes offering vast storage space and offering full static operation in the frequency range 0 to 24 MHz.

It has got a three level program memory lock and internal random access memory (RAM) of 128×8 bit. The input output lines in this system are programmable and are 32 in number. There is also the provision of two 16-bit counters with 6 interrupt sources provided. The serial channel is also programmable in nature. It consumes low power and has power down modes too.

The AT89C51 Development Kit ECE Final Year Project Download is a CMOS 8-bit microcomputer delivering high performance. It consumes less power and has 4K bytes of flash memory. This memory is programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device here is manufactured using ATMEL’s high density technology. It is a non-volatile memory and is compatible with the industry standards MCS-51 instruction and pin arrangement.

This on-chip flash memory permits the program memory to be re-programmed either by in-built mechanism or by the usual non-volatile memory programmer. By a combination of a versatile 8-bit CPU with flash memory embed on a monolithic chip. This is a powerful supercomputer that provides a highly flexible and cost viable solution to a range of embedded control applications.

Conclusion:

The project designed here is done in the research stage. Once stage 1 is completed, development can be done further. This kit is not only a simple kit but an inexpensive platform for testing and running the programs. It can be implemented in real life applications.

Download  AT89C51 Development Kit ECE & EEE B Tech/ BE Final Project Report and Document.

This project “Area Efficient Cryptography Processors for Smart Cards Engineering Final Project” shows the hardware implementation of the general cryptography algorithms implemented on a universal architecture. These smart cards used provide data storage capability and eliminates unused data.Smart cards are integrated circuits which have IC chips embedded in them and can process data. Smart cards can be implemented for user authentication by making us of cryptography circuits.

The microcoded cryptography processor is aimed at smart card applications and executes both private and public key algorithms. It also meets the power and performance specifications as stated. Among the different kind of algorithms available, DES (data encryption standard), AES (advanced encryption standard) and ECC (elliptic curve cryptography) which is approved by all organizations.

The project Area Efficient Cryptography Processors for Smart Cards Engineering Final Project utilizes for 3 algorithms. The first algorithm DES has been in use for 2 decades encrypts 64 bytes and is employed to encipher and decipher blocks of data through techniques of confusion and diffusion.  The next algorithm AES encrypts 128 bytes through operations like bytesub, shiftrow, mixcolumn and addroundkey. It has a unique code for encryption and decryption.

The ECC uses an elliptic curve equation to decipher the algorithm. It is a basic algorithm and is used as a secret key exchange which is called as Diffie-Hellman protocol. Out of these algorithms, DES is used for past compatibility while AES is employed for high security and these two algorithms are utilized by private sector. ECC is a public key algorithm.

Conclusion:

This project for the first time presents a set of three algorithms which can be used for both public and private sector. This project can be uses in the communications field, entertainment industry, healthcare, government etc. the capabilities and limitations of every algorithm have also been specified.

Download Area Efficient Cryptography Processors for Smart Cards Engineering Final Project Report.

In this project “Aquarium Probe Electronics & Communication Engineering Project”, one can supervise the temperature conditions as well as the amount of solvents. Not only this, the project scrutinizes the water density and maintains it to a certain limit.Aquariums are a pretty sight but a laborious process is to make sure that optimum conditions are provided to the fishes to survive. As such regular management of temperature conditions within the aquarium is dreary and equally monotonous is monitoring the level of water solvents that fishes require.

A lot of environmental factors are responsible inclusive of light and temperature conditions that affect fishes. Temperature control is a very important parameter as fishes survive only within a limited range of temperatures. The optimum temperatures for survival of fishes are between 24°C and 33°C that even promotes spawning in fishes. Temperature rise due to sunlight might prove critical to fishes and so does the impurities present in the water.

The project Aquarium Probe Electronics & Communication Engineering Project uses thermistor s a sensor for measuring temperature. When there are changes in the measurement of temperature, the resistance of the thermistor also varies. This causes voltage to change as well. This voltage is sent as an input to the LM358. This possesses two comparators in it. One of them is used to study the upper cut-off level while the 2^nd one is used for the lower cut-off level. One of the inputs is the thermistor voltage and the other input is reference voltage.

When the relay turns ON, the output of LM358 is high and drives the motor. The TSOP module is used to note the changes in light intensity passing through water. To produce the light required, the IR LED is used. The output voltage from TSOP module is amplified to the designated level via CA3140. This voltage is compared to the reference voltage.  Only if the comparator output is high, it drives the relay and turns ON the motor.

Conclusion:

The project here depicts a system which can regulate the temperature conditions of water and keep it to an optimum level by suitable measures. Thus it can be implemented at large aquariums.

Download Aquarium Probe Electronics & Communication Engineering Project.

This project “Appliances Control Through SMS Electronics Project Download“ enables you to control home appliances like bulbs, fans, water pumps etc with the pressing of your mobile keys. Consequently, if you do not remember to switch them off before you leave your house; you can easily do it through your mobile which serves as a remote.Technology has surged so ahead that it has now unlocked the potential for you to manage your home appliances without your physical presence.

This project can be made use of in a wide range of home appliance devices. One of them is watering system where the principle of this project is applied and used to control a relay signal to the water pump. This project design can also be applied to automate garden lamps and also security systems.

The project Appliances Control Through SMS Electronics Project Download is designed in order to ensure that home automation becomes easier with the aid of a mobile phone. There are effectively 2 control devices i.e. a microcontroller and a mobile which is connected via a GSM network. The command is given by the mobile phone and then the microcontroller initiates the action.

This project also presents studies of the background of the microcontroller used and also the mobile communication system. The hardware components that have been used are GSM mobile, a microcontroller, relays, voltage regulator and a diode. These are all interfaced on each other to perform the operations.

Conclusion:

Before the circuit starts functioning, all connections are tested and the ac supply is provided. The project involves comprehensive research bout the project at hand and involved the programming code that’s required.

Download Appliances Control Through SMS Electronics Engineering Project.

The project “ECE-Anti Collision Detector with Automatic Gate Control and Crack Detection” designs a system which is a cost viable solution to as an anti-collision detector which implements RF and LASER technology in signal automation. Not only anti-collision, this project also detects cracks in the railway tracks which are caused by either natural or man-made causes.

Train collisions are mainly used because of violations of safety regulations in terms of human errors and sometimes machine faults. This device is an automatic device supported by a microprocessor for communication purposes. Once installed in trains, it will be successful in eliminating high speed collisions. Once this system is installed, the train halts at a distance of 3 km from the junction of a barricade.

In the anti-collision detector project, the train’s engines is furnished with a microcontroller containing data stored about all trains which means the registration numbers of trains travelling. The motor on which the train is running is coupled with the microcontroller. On the headlights of every engine, a photodiode and a LASER is added that emit pulses regularly. If 2 trains are running on the same track, the sensor signals the microcontroller which halts the train.

The tracks have in-built encoders and RF transmitters. If the track is uniform then constant current flows between encoders. As long as current flows uniformly, the transmitter transmits RF signals. If there is a crack in the track, the current flow through encoders varies and the transmission of signal stops. When the microcontroller does not receive any signal, it halts the train.

Conclusion:

India is that country which has one of the largest railway networks in this world. Every single day hundreds of trains run. The people also depend on trains as it is an affordable means of transportation. The ever increasing traffic puts pressure on the railway authorities for smooth transition of their operations. It is not practically possible to halt a running train as it travels at high speed. Thus where there are crossings or in suburban areas where people density is more, there electronic gates must be placed which is an add-on in this project.

Download ECE Project on Anti Collision Detector with Automatic Gate Control and Crack Detection.

The project “An Anti Aliasing Filter at S band Microwave Frequency using ADS ECE Project” makes use of a microstrip filter that is small and light-weight in size plus giving a high frequency response. This project is realized through the simulation software known as ADS. The software can be analyzed by a high frequency circuit to reach frequency.

Satellites which receive microwave frequencies are being applied for quite a number of uses. If the satellite does not contain provision for adequate filtering then it can take in 2 signals of different frequencies. This brings in the need of a selected filter to be installed at the RF stage. At high frequencies, mixing of only distributed elements is done while at low frequencies lumped elements are mixed. However distributed elements are preferred.

In this project An Anti Aliasing Filter at S band Microwave Frequency using ADS ECE Project, the aliasing signal obstructs the actual signal and looks more like the original intermediate signal. This is referred to as image frequency. To remove this image frequency, a filter is fabricated in the RF stage. Here the distributed components are in microwave frequencies. Good frequency response is obtained in this project through the coupled stage of a microstrip filter.

The simulation software used in this project is ADS and it stands for Advances Design system. This is the software which designs the filter. The microstrip filter alone isn’t sufficient to reduce the aliasing effect which is why request is made on parameters like insert loss and standing wave ratio. The filter in this project has a center frequency of 2.491 GHz and works properly only if it is optimized.

Conclusion:

The project designed here achieves its aim. The filter is designed in such a way that highest attenuation is obtained at the center frequency of the filter. A band pass filter is incorporated in this project which selects the lower and the higher cut-off frequencies.

Download An Anti Aliasing Filter at S band Microwave Frequency using ADS ECE Project.

This project “Download ECE Project on Advanced Wireless Security System” helps in detection of accidents and passing on the information to a monitoring station where appropriate control can be initiated. Road accidents, presence of explosives, etc can be detected and immediate assistance could be arranged.Problems are abounding in today’s world and we are surrounded by natural calamities as well as man-made problems. Some incidents cannot be controlled by us whereas some cannot.

The project has several types of in-built sensors in it. These sensors transmit the signals. The receiver at the controller’s end receives these signals on the basis of which the controlling unit initiates action. There is an ADC which converts the analog signals into digital form for the microcontroller.

The project Advanced wireless security system provides provision of centralized security for different areas via a wireless network. Different sensors are attached to the microcontroller. The monitoring station collects the data from sensors placed at different locations. The monitoring system decodes the analog signals that are transmitted and the n received. The LCD displays this information and helps in location.

This project focuses on displaying the area and address where the mishap occurs. Radio frequencies are employed to collect data from the transmitter and receiver. LPG and fire sensors are supplied and when any of these are activated, a code is transmitted and received by the receiver for which it allocates a specific address. Once the address is obtained, the LCD flashes it on the map.

Conclusion:

This project can be implemented to check and avert a lot of accidents and mishaps. Thus it can be used in homes and industries. To get information about floods, this system could be used to detect the water levels. Hence applications like earthquake detection, accident detection can be obtained successfully by this project.

Download ECE Student Summer Project on Advanced Wireless Security System.

The project titled “Accident Alert with Automatic Dialer ECE Project” has designed an accident alert system that can scrutinizes automotives/ vehicles.The generations of cars that are developed in the market have been creatively designed so as to reduce the risk of accidents. Ideas such as alarm systems and control devices have been formulated which have increased the safety factor.

Vehicles which are very big face problems sometimes as there are spots from the driver’s seat which cannot be seen. Also, conditions like fog disable the visibility rate which is also an accident causing factor.  This project not only prevents accidents but also informs the emergency if at all accidents are caused.

The project Accident alert with automatic dialler makes use of glass breakage sensor that detects glass breakages. A smoke detector in the vehicle shows the presence of smoke caused by fire in the vehicle. Both the sensors transmit a signal to the microcontroller. To the microcontroller, a DTMF chip is attached and onto this a telephone unit is interfaced. Through this mechanism accident alert is transmitted.

At times, one of the lights of a four wheeler might not be working due to some problem. This makes four wheeler look like a two wheeler. This factor causes accidents. Hence to avoid such problems, a proximity detector is incorporated in the circuit which alerts the driver about vehicles passing in its close range.

Conclusion:

This project can be best applied in vehicles especially those which travel long distances and highways. By applying high technology, add-on features could be added. The most important advantage that the project offers is sophisticated security that takes care of potential hazards and threats. The driver could be alerted by means of an alarm that would aid him to act quickly in case of a problem.

Download Accident Alert with Automatic Dialer ECE Final Year Student Project.