Category: Electronics Seminar Topics

Introduction to Digital Radio Broadcasting Seminar Topic:

This paper discussed about a Digital radio broadcasting technique. This technique provides high quality sound along with the providing wider listening choice through many additional services and stations.  Currently analogue FM radio broadcasting systems in VHF band cannot give an excellent sound quality, small portable receivers and large number of stations. The technical quality standards of Digital audio signals are far better than usual radio broadcasting which transmits over the analog FM system.

Overview:

DAB bandwidth requirements are very less when compared to that of analog counterpart and also has efficient compression techniques.  DAB provides better quality of audio and error correction is one of the parts of this digital system.  This digital system requires less power when compared to that of regular radio signals. Multiple interference is one of the main problems of analog FM, which is reduced or completely avoided by this digital system.  This digital system has new and efficient method of modulation and because of this there is rapid development in single frequency networks which in turn give high spectrum efficiency.  

The DAB satellite system and terrestrial systems have the same modulation or coding system parameters and also use same receiver and antenna.  DAB satellites can cover much larger areas when compared to that of terrestrial broadcast stations. DAB satellites system suits for mixed terrestrial broadcasting by using an omnidirectional receiving antenna.  Ensemble transport interface allows the proper distribution of signals from DAB ensemble multiplexer to the COFDM generators.  Main Service Multiplex reconfigure from time to time by a DAB system. In order to communicate to the receivers on how to access the services, Fast information channel carries the precise information about Main Service Multiplex contents and communicate accordingly.

Conclusions:

Data Audio Broadcasting is in its path of growth and development. DAB is becoming sound of the future.  DAB technology is slowly replacing all the existing methods. DAB is still in infant stage in its growth and has a capability to change the way that radio is perceived. 

Download  Digital Radio Broadcasting Final Year Seminar Topic for ECE with Report  .

This paper discussed about the Broadband over Power Line (BPL) technology, which allows internet data to transmit over utility power lines. To use BPL, subscribers need to installs a modem and plug into wall outlet then pay subscription fees for the services. Utility grid need to modify to allow BPL transmission.

Overview:

The implementation of BPL takes place based on some standards or rules set by Federal Communication Commission (FCC). RF signals which are used by Power line communications allows users to connect to the internet.  There is a requirement of understanding the concept of power grid to get better understanding on how Power Line Communications works.  At customer premises, there is a need to have a transformer to drop the voltage down for safer situation. PLC designed based on the concept that copper medium can transport any electrical signal for a specific distance.

There are two methods of getting broadband into home. One method is using a wireless device from the power line to broadcast signals with a receiver in the home.  This allows “In Home” PLC to be used to network machines.  BPL is categorized into In-building BPL and Access BPL.  In-Building BPL systems operate mostly under the Home Plug specification. Access BPL uses electrical distribution lines to offer broadband internet access to homes. End-to-End Access BPL and Hybrid Access BPL are the two formats of Access BPL systems.  PLC Association, United Power Line Council PLC Forum and HomePlug Alliance are the most important industry players in PLC.

Conclusions:

PLC or BPL brings many business oriented opportunities for applications and customer services.  PLC became an important element in broadband communications because of its strong and unique advantages. PLC offers many benefits to both service providers and end users. For the better deployment of BPL equipment, there is a need of BPL technology standardization.  BPL grows in broadband communication market as a strong competitor to Digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable modem services. 

Download  Broadband over Power Line ECE Paper Presentation for Final Year Students .

Introduction to Robots Seminar Topic:

This paper discussed about an electro mechanical system, Robot.  The focus of this paper is to discuss how to design a self-healing robot system and its applications, advantages and disadvantages.

Overview:

Even slight injuries make a robot to stumble and fall. Self-healing robots has capability to adapt to minor injuries and continues its tasks. Self-healing robots continuously diagnose and recover from damage based on few techniques implemented in designing such robots.  The new technology implemented here is based on the concept of multiple competing internal models. A self-healing robot has capability to infer its own morphology through self-directed exploration and then utilize those resultant self-models to synthesize new behaviors.

For both robotics and electronic circuits, many number of algorithms based on repeated testing for error recoveries have been proposed. The benefit of self-healing system is the ability to adapt to all unforeseen conditions, but the cost of production of such a system is its major limitation.  This concept of designing robot is not readily available in open market so cannot able to predict the cost of production of this system.  Self-healing systems are helpful in long-term space missions. Both self-sustaining robotic ecology and self repair are the two techniques must persist in long-term space missions. The quality and life of a normal robot can also be achieved with the help of this self-healing technology. Mostly these types of robots are helpful in deep sea exploration or mining.  Quadrupedal and hexapedal robots are two hypothetical robots which tested in the preliminary experimental research.

Conclusions:

Researches are carried out in order to develop robots which can detect changes in their own morphology and also in surrounding environment.  Many robots are there on planets and the technology of designing robots which can detect changes in themselves  and in environment without human interaction or help is very helpful for the robots which are located on planets because such responsiveness lends autonomy to robot explorers.

Download Robots Final Year Seminar Topic for Electronics Students.

This paper discussed about a challenging task of providing security in Ad-hoc networks and also discussed about attacks, security mechanisms and different aspects of security services.  Attacks in ad-hoc networks are classified into active and passive attacks, depends on whether the networks normal operation is disrupted or not. 

Overview: 

A wireless network can be viewed highly, so requires more sophisticated and efficient security mechanisms. External attacks are occurred by nodes which are not part of the network.  Encryption and firewalls can prevent external attacks.

Internal attacks are occurred by nodes which are part of the network. It is difficult to detect internal attacks and the impact of these attacks is severe when compared to that of external attacks.  Integrity refers the information passed on two different nodes has not been altered during the transmission. An user identity can be determined by a network service, Authenticity. 

The two important mechanisms used for data integrity and authentication are message encryption and digital signatures.  Symmetric and Asymmetric are two popular data encryption mechanisms.  The secret key is used for both encryption and decryption in symmetric mechanism where as public and private keys are used for encryption and decryption respectively in asymmetric mechanism.  

Digital code attached to a message helps to identify the sender uniquely.  The key component of most authentication schemes is digital signatures.  Some of the popular existing security mechanisms are asymmetric cryptography and one way hash functions. 

Conclusions: 

Security threats in ad-hoc networks and security objectives need to be achieved are discussed in this paper.  Ad-hoc networks are highly vulnerable to security attacks and some of applications in this network require high degree of security.  This paper discussed about existing security providing techniques and as well as new mechanisms to secure ad-hoc networks.  Along with preventing security attacks in ad-hoc networks there is also need to identify the impact of security mechanisms on the network performance.

Download  Security -Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks ECE Seminar Topic Documentation .

 

Introduction to Robotics in Surgery Seminar Topic:

This paper discussed about an emerging technology, surgical robotics. Robotic surgery is becoming an important tool in surgical armamentarium.  Most of the researches saying this robotic surgery technology is more feasible. Researchers are still carrying out on this evolving technology and the comparison of this technology with conventional technologies is also taking place rapidly.

Overview:

Robotics has entered into medicine field slowly but got its own importance with short span of time. To perform transcontinental cholecystectomy, robotic telesurgical medicines are already in use. Initially robotics has entered into market as a replacement of conventional laparoscopic procedures. As the usage of this technology is cost effective, only few of surgeons got trained in robotics to make use of this technology in their routine surgeries.

For a several surgical procedures, FDA has already approved few robotic systems. Many studies are carrying out to evaluate the advantages of robot-assisted surgeries. The usage of robotics system in pediatric laparoscopic surgery is still under investigation.

The main disadvantage of these robotics systems is their cost so cannot use this technology highly in routine surgeries. The enhanced vision of these systems is highly remarkable. Unlike the conventional laparoscopic camera views, this system has 3-dimensional view with depth perception.

These systems have the capability to scale movements so that the large movements of the control grips can be converted into micro motions inside the patient. These systems help to make impossible surgeries also into more feasible.

Related Information:

Conclusions:

Robotic surgery is still in its evolving state. This paper discussed about the current role of robotics in surgery and its future. Robotic technology improves and expands laparoscopic procedures and brings revolution in surgery. Beyond the limits of human ability, a robotic can perform or expand its surgical treatment modalities. But maintaining of this robotic technology is cost effective so researches are still carrying out by considering all aspects like cost and power consumption.

Download  Robotics in Surgery Seminar Topic for ECE 2012 .

The SOC called as the System on Chip is the assassination of the components or related sub divided types that are interconnected to execute the requested program or functions. These are the requests that are sending by the end users to the client servers.

The System on Chip is the device which stores the system components into a single standard specified chip. This is possible for the system due to technology that is being processed, Intellectual property, Markets and the EDA tools. The main distinguished factor is between the System Board and the System Chip.

The applications that are fully supported by the System on Chip are mobile devices like the iPhone, and other wireless consumer and the communication product which is connected to the internet through wireless communications. This internet is then connected to the Personal Computers and the Digital Home like the Local Area Networks, Chips, Memory, Graphics, Setup Box, USB, GPS, HDTV and DVD player etc… according to the survey of the experts the product cycles of each products are reducing day by day.

The limitations of the IC and the IP are the total number of the Input and the output numbers. The design and the development of the existing system, there are certain more differences in the pin of the inputs and the outputs. Verification process also has the more critical situation. It also permits the high stage of the abstract device. The design phase and the implementation phase of the system have its functional layout too. The IP are here compared to the Soft IP and the Hard IP.

Due to the development of the new system the silicon technology of the system the user to permit the whole device to communicate with the individual chip and also making the each and every design of the System on Chip a critical and difficult system.

 Download  Latest ECE Seminar Topic on Introduction to SOC Design.

Introduction to Technical Seminar Presentation on Non Linear Second Order Harmonics:

This project is mainly to explain about the linear and non-linear elements. Non linear optical wave guides are made of LiNbO3, LiTaO3 and optical crystal. In case of microwave applications not linear properties of huge-Tc Superconductors are apprehension very morally.  With different crystalline and width it was concluded that a significant part of the second harmonics signal is generated. Succeeding Harmonic production is a not linear process. It generates a photon at frequency 2omega and it creates when the communication occurs between the elements. In a quartz crystal we can observe second harmonic generation.

            Using semiconductors we can generate the succeeding harmonics. Due to presence of electric field can permit SH generation through a third-order process called electric field induced succeeding harmonic production. To remove any non electric field dependent signal dual-modulation technique is used. Moving the sample so that beam focuses on the metalized surface on either side results in no SH generation. Second order non linear harmonics consists of sensitive tools which used to study the surfaces and thin films. Susceptibility tensor is characterized based on the responses. Based on electromagnetic theory susceptibility is expressed.  Measuring signal is taken in case of measurements.

            The materials used in SGH are Cs vapor and trintrosubphthalocyanines.  Organic modules are used because it combines advantage of synthesis edibility for chromospheres design and synthesis together with fast purely electronic response.  This project uses a laser beam to electric fields, which are strong enough for non-linear effects to be observed. Now researchers are attracted in generating optical nonlinear succeeding order harmonics from organics.

Download  Instrumentation Technical Seminar Presentation on Non Linear Second Order Harmonics PPT.

Introduction to ECE Technical Seminar Topic on Light Emitting Polymers:

The emission of light is very essential need in the current days. In the year 1990, the inventors introduced a light emitting technology using polymers and it named as Light Emitting Polymer [LEP]. The Light Emitting Polymer is a type of emissive technology which emits the light treating it as a purpose of electrical task or operation. The LEP is discovered for the emission of light with the need of conducting polymers.

            The LEP is made up of a polymer. This polymer is fixed in such a way that it is in between one anode and one cathode. The type of material that used to develop an anode is Indium Tin Oxide [ITO]. To develop a cathode some kind of metals are used. The polymer is placed in between this kind of materials for the emission of light. The LEP exhibits the characteristics of electroluminescent. The polymers which emit the light will works in the function of electric field such as Polyvinyl Chloride. The polymers are broadly classified into three types such as conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.

            The LEP comes into operation when we apply the electric field in between the cathode and the anode. When we apply electric field in between both electrodes, both the positive charge and the negative charge will travel in polymer. The cathode will inject the electrons and the anode will inject the holes. During this operation the charges which are injected will recombine and decomposes. With this combination it will generate one neutral exited state.

After this the ITO surface will be covered with polymer. Then the alcohol based cleaner is used to clean every surface and it is placed near to UV ozone cleaner to bombard with UV rays. After this process spin coating will be done. On the above part of electrodes some samples are placed connect them to high resistance metal alloy. The next step is testing. It consumes less energy and covers long distance. Therefore, LEP is a technology that has the properties of electrical and optical technology and provides flexible lighting. 

Download  ECE Technical Seminar Topic on Light Emitting Polymers PPT.