Category: Electronics Seminar Topics

Introduction to Electrical Seminar Idea on The Prospects of Nanotechnology in Electrical Power Engineering:

The electrical power is such a application through which many technologies are rising with a great success. In these quick rising technologies, one of the successful technologies is nanotechnology. Not only in electrical power engineering but also in all the engineering and medical fields this nanotechnology is playing the major role.

Even though the cost of this technology is high, it is very successful. The nanotechnology is a successful technology because of its much accuracy or its control towards the losses. This project includes the possible applications using nanotechnology in electrical power engineering. The main intention is to increase the lifetime and to decrease the maintenance’s along with size and cost of high voltage insulation systems. To understand the concept of nanotechnology in electrical power engineering, a existing application depending upon nanotechnology is explained in this project i.e., nano-coated porcelain insulators.

          In electrical power engineering, the nanotechnology is used to reduce the losses, improve the insulators, and increase the reliability, and to improve the lifetime along with the efficiency. The knowledge of nanotechnology energizes some researchers to implement one application i.e., reducing the ohmic losses at metallic conductors with the help of Carbon Nano Tubes [CNT]. Using this CNT we can notice that the resistivity of room temperature will be 50% less than Cu. In the electrical industries during production the main drawback is ohmic losses.

To overcome this drawback CNT can be used. The regular problems in ceramic outdoor insulator are like corona discharges and leakage of current. To overcome this problem the developers can use the products which are made up of nano liquids can be used. The nanotechnology is such a technology through which we can overcome a lot of problems and to find the solutions for failures. The nanofillers are also made up of nanotechnology used to modify the thermal conductivity and resistance of insulating materials. As a result, the nanotechnology is very useful in manufacturing the products with much efficiency, lifetime and reliability.

Download  Electrical Seminar Idea on The Prospects of Nanotechnology in Electrical Power Engineering.

Introduction to Fuzzy Adaptive Filter Technical Paper Presentation:

Fuzzy adaptive filter presents for an inherent closed loop to alter signal excellence for different cable plants and ecological circumstances. Linear techniques be unsuccessful is in image processing where conventional techniques cannot handle with the nonlinearities of the image configuration model and do not take into report the nonlinear nature of the human visual system. The nonlinear image processing is done with the help of the Fuzzy logic, where conventional techniques are unsuccessful.

Adaptive filters are used in different areas where the numerical information of the signals to be filtered and analyzed are not known a priory or the signals may be gradually time alternate. The system tries to decrease the collision of the noise in the primary input exploring the correlation among the two noise signals. This is correspondent to the minimization of the mean-square error E[e2(n)] .Fuzzy logic adaptive controller (FLAC) is used to sense the bias of dimensions and put off deviation of the extensive  filter.

The FLAC necessitates minor amount of states as a result it require a smaller amount computational effort. Fuzzy variable or the associative functions recognize the rating of both input variables. kalman fuzzy adaptive filter method has been functional to combine position signals from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) for the independent portable vehicles. The presented method has been authorized in 3D surroundings. The noise feature has been tailored by means of the Fuzzy Logic Adaptive System and match up to with the performance of regular EKF.

The relative simplicity and the clear-cut execution of the fuzzy operators, the fuzzy filter is capable to fight with state-of-the-art filter techniques for decreasing the noise. Fuzzy nonlinear filters symbolize a entrenched technology for multi channel image processing. The fuzzy filter scheme is satisfactorily easy to allow quick hardware implementations.

Download  Fuzzy Adaptive Filter Technical Paper Presentation.

Introduction to Technical Seminar Presentation on Automated Inspection of Aircraft:

This project description reviewing the growth of robotic system planned to aid aircraft inspectors by remotely installing non-destructive inspection sensors and getting, giving out and accumulating examination data. Progress the robotic tools to aid aircraft inspectors. The advantages are improved detection, improved repeat ability  and decrease aircraft downtime, electronically retrievable check up data and better safety for inspectors.

Final-phase development is having four modules those are Mechanical System, Control System, Sensors, Human machine interface. Mechanical system includes system appearance and long-term mechanical design issues. Robot motions are categorized into two types walking motion and alignment motion. It includes Spine assembly raised, Spine assembly motion, Spine assembly lowered, Stabilizer Bridge moved.  

                       Control system consists of on-board robotic electronic systems, ground-based electronic systems, operator work station computer and satellite equipment enclosure. The appearance of control system software having control points on and off respected to colors white and gray. Limit switches having on and off respected colors are Yellow and Gray. For suction cups vacuum color is green and ambient pressure color is red.

                       Sensor system having following components those is eddy-current sensors, eddy-current inspection hardware, eddy-current sensor calibration, eddy-current software, and eddy-current flaw detection  those components works based on algorithms these are visual sensors and video-based rivet location, robotic institute video rivet location, CMRI video rivet algorithm, neural network results, third trail for improved camera system, rivet line fitting algorithms.

                       The robot was able to reach the following goals adhering to and walking over an aircraft fuselage despite of the orientations of those surfaces, obtaining eddy-current inspection data that appear similar to manually deployed eddy-current sensors, and  being remotely run using video and sensor advice supply to the inspector.

Download  Electrical Technical Seminar Presentation on Automated Inspection of Aircraft .

Introduction to Electrical Seminar Topic on Security Alarm Systems:

Providing security to various organizations is one growing challenges in today’s growing world. There are various methods for providing security like video camera monitoring method and object detection by using sensor method. In this paper we will propose a method which consists of transmitter and a receiver which uses ultrasonic signals for detection of objects using ultrasonic signals. In this paper we will see how the circuit is designed and the how the ultrasonic signals detect the objects and based on the detection alarm is given.

Brief on the working model and design:

Here we use ultrasonic signals of same frequency in the receiver and the transmitter and they cover a certain region of an area, when these signals are interference by a object the alarm is blown. Here we use ultrasonic transducers which are used for both input and output operations. To drive these transducers we use a two nand gates which is built around transmitter out of the four gates present in the IC3.

The devices connected to the IC3 form multivibrator which is used for driving the transducers. To make the output frequency to match with the resonance of the transducer we use a trimmer P2 by which we can adjust the frequency accordingly. Here we find the same transducer circuit in the receiver and the received signals are amplified by the transistor of the IC1 op amp.

The output of the IC1 is given to the IC2 and the amplification factor is adjusted by using P1. This acts as a inverting circuit and if the signals detect a object then the frequency changes occur in the signals and these signals are sent to the receiver due to frequency changes the distortion occurs which blows the alarm.

Conclusions:

The proposed method is efficient way for detecting objects interfered by which we can provide security by blowing alarm. We can even use other methods for providing security but this is the effective method and requires low maintenance cost. By using this method the time interval for blowing alarm when the object is detected is very less.

Download  Electrical Seminar Topic and Report on Security Alarm Systems.

Introduction to Base Transceiver System Seminar Topic:

The main objective of this paper is to give idea of global system mobile (GSM). In older days, communication has become difficult due to wired system. They cannot be carried anywhere. This Problem gave rise to cell phones which are wireless and can be carried everywhere. The technology used is GSM, CDMA, WLL, WAN, WIFI, WIMAX etc. Today the usage of gsm technology has become vast . Base transceiver plays a major role in wireless communication.

Brief into Base Transceiver Station:

Generally, GSM network involves three subsystems BSS, NSS and NMS. Base Station Sub System consists of Base station Controller, Transcoder and Base Station Transceiver. The Base station controller has the responsibilities such as establishing a connection between mobile station and network switching subsystem. Air and A interface signaling support. The Base Transceiver Station controls the Air interface signaling, Air interface ciphering and speech processing.

Transcoder is responsible for error free transmission and decoding the digital system into speech. The combination of mobile equipment and SIM is considered as mobile station. The network switching subsystem is responsible for controlling calls. VLR database maintains the user location records and is temporary. HLR database maintains the permanent subscriber information. The network management subsystem monitors various functions and elements of the network.  All this tasks are performed by NMS/2000.

Number of Work Stations, Servers and a Router are present in NMS/2000. Fault management, configuration management and performance management are functions of network management subsystem. To ensure the smooth operation of network fault management finds useful. The configuration management is used to maintain the up to date information about the configuration. Performance management  has the data which is collected from different networks.

Download  Base Transceiver System Electronics and Telecommunication Seminar Report.

Introduction to Global System for Mobiles Seminar Topic:

The main objective of this paper is to give idea of global system mobile (GSM). In the earlier days, only telephones are present. These are wired and cannot be carried any where. So means of communication was difficult if the person is not available near the telephone. This Problem gave rise to cell phones which are wireless and can be carried everywhere.

These cell phones use GSM technology. The evolution of GSM is being grown day by day. Today this GSM technology is being covered even in the rural areas also apart from urban cites.

Brief into Solar Tracking system and Hybrid Power generation:

This GSM technology makes use of radio frequency waves. This has two frequency bands of 900MHZ band and 1800 MHZ band. GSM network has three subsystems, BSS, NSS and NMS. The combination of mobile equipment and SIM is considered as mobile station. The network switching subsystem consists of MSC,VLR, HLR. The MSC is used for controlling calls. VlR maintains the user location records and is temporary. HLR maintains the permanent subscriber information. The network switching subsystem controls the calls, locates the subscriber and mobility management.

The Base station subsystem has the responsibilities such as establishing a connection between mobile station and network switching subsystem, error free transmission and decoding the digital system into speech.  Two open air interfaces ‘Air Interface and A Interface’ are present. GSM uses three security algorithms A3, A5, A8. A3 and A8. These algorithms are present in the SIM. The aim of maintaining these security algorithms are to compare the data which is stored in the network and SIM.

Download  Global System for Mobiles Electronics and Telecommunication Seminar Report.

Introduction to Three Phase Dual Converter Seminar Topic:

For power conversion from ac to dc in industries thyristor based three phase controlled rectifiers which offers a reliable conversion and have a long life time. These are mainly used for controlling the speed of the dc motor but the controlled rectifiers have a complex circuit. In this paper we will see the working of the three phase a dual converter which is mainly used in conversion in high power loads. We will see how the dual phase converter works and the advantages of it when compared to others converters.

Brief on the working of dual phase converter:

In the construction of a dual phase converter we find six transformers and three full wave bridge rectifiers and a firing circuit. In this converter the three phase power supply is supplied from the source and the converter converts into dc power and the dc power can be again converted into ac power. By using the firing circuit the angles are controlled such that the output voltages will have the same polarity.  

The instantaneous voltages will be in out of phase due to which the voltage difference occurs and if the output currents are interconnected a large current flows between them but not through the load. By adjusting the firing angles the voltages drive the current due to which one converter converts it into dc current and the other gets converted and the other drives the same output current by which a bidirectional operation is performed.

Conclusions:

The three phase dual converters can also be used for performing four quadrant operations which is used for controlling the speed of the dc motor. This is achieved by changing the firing angles which causes a reverse operation. The dual converter is very easy to construct and does not have any complexity. In this there will be no voltage drop across in the switches and there will be no currents existing even in reverse bias voltage condition.

Download  Electrical Seminar Report on Three Phase Dual Converter.

Introduction to Optical Character Recognition Using Neural Networks:

Optical character recognition is a technology where the software will be capable of detecting handwritten or printed matter. Human beings are able to differentiate the characters and they can identify them due to the stimulations signals which are processes by brain. We apply the same neural technology scheme in the software which can identify the characters. The software built is filled with artificial intelligence which stimulates neural networks for identifying. In this paper we will see how optical character recognition technology is developed by using neural networks and how are implemented in the software and the advantages of using this technology.

Brief on the working model:

In this we use a character recognition device which converts the characters printed on the image into machine language. Here the scanned image is converted into machine language and the output is given to the neural network. The neural networks have the capability to represent both linear and non linear systems and they can learn these relationships directly from the modeled data.

In neural networks the input data is fed to the input layer and here they are multiplied by the interconnection weights. The resultant of the input layer is passed to the first hidden layer and they get summed and it is processed by a non linear function and the obtained value is sent to the second hidden layer which is again multiplied with the interconnection weights so as to obtain the neural network output.

Conclusions:

When compared to other techniques the neural network technique is the best method for obtaining the output accurately. The neural networks have the capability to identify the imprecise and data and they derive the meaning from them. Here the quality of the output depends upon the scanned image and if the if there is improper scanned image then the quality of the output gets decreased.

Download  Electronics Seminar Report on Optical Character Recognition Using Neural Networks.

Introduction to Error Control Coding ECE Seminar Idea:

The transmitted signal cannot be the original transmitted message signal which is received and the receiver channel. Due to noise the binary pulse train of the digital signal gets disturbed which reduces the quality of the output. To overcome this various methods are used and it requires additional equipment to be installed transmitter and the receiver units which can eliminate the noise occurred in the signal. In this paper we pose a error coding technique which can identify the error signal and there by reduces the signal to noise ratio occurring in the signal. We will see how this algorithm works and how low bit error rate is achieved by using this coding method.

Brief on the error coding technique:

If noise is entered into the digital it change the binary pulse which makes the zeros to appear as one or ones may be transmitted as zeroes which reduces the quality at the receiver output. The theoretical analysis of this method is possible by using a Shannon’s channel theorem where the convolution codes are specified among the three parameters. Here each input bit is coded into 3 output bits and the constraint length of the code is 2.

We use n modulo 2 to represent the output bits and we connect memory registers to the adders by using generators polynomial. So each input bit generates three output polynomials and we get the required output bit by adding the obtained three obtained polynomials. Each polynomial will have its unique error protection quality code be they differ from the other polynomial.

Conclusions:

This is most efficient technique for reducing the bit error rate occurring in the signal than other conventional methods. By using this method we can reduce the error value for a fixed bit error rate which reduces the transmitted power sine on the antenna.

Download  Error Control Coding ECE Seminar Idea for Final Year Students.

Introduction to Maximum Power Point Tracking For Photo Voltaic Systems Seminar Topic:

The proposed algorithm is to track maximum power point in photo voltaic array which is used as a reference point in control systems. Photo voltaic arrays are used in renewable energy sources like solar panels and they do not transmit a constant power  supply due to suns irradiation and varying cell temperature. So by tracking the maximum power point we can supply maximum power to the load. In this paper we will see how the algorithm tracks the maximum power point and the advantages of using this compared to other algorithms.

Brief on power tracking algorithm:

By using this algorithm we can calculate the maximum power and also we can control the direct current which is drawn from photo voltaic arrays. The solar cells act as semiconductors when exposed to sunlight generate a dc current but the current varies with the irradiation of suns light. Maximum power point tracking method follows a fractional open circuit and short circuit current measuring technique for calculating the maximum power.

By using this we compute the maximum power and the value is set to zero initially and after the tracking of the actual current it compares the difference between the maximum power and then increment or decrements it accordingly and give the input to the controller by using hysteresis band. In this algorithm the maximum power is calculated and compared with the actual value based on the computed value the extracted power from the photo voltaic arrays is controlled.

Conclusions:

The advantage of using this algorithm is that it draws the current directly from the photo voltaic arrays. This algorithm has high convergence speed and does not depend upon the characteristics of the photo voltaic arrays. This algorithm has high tracking efficiency compared to other techniques and we can make the controller on and off based on the hysteresis band.

Download  Maximum Power Point Tracking For Photo Voltaic Systems ECE and EEE Seminar Report.