Category: Electrical Projects

Introduction to Solutions for SCADA System Communication Reliability in Photovoltaic Plants Project:

The term SCADA refers to supervisory control and data acquisition. This system was used in power plants for remote accessing, monitoring and control. The abstract provides two mechanisms security access control stagey and redundancy check. The SCADA system is mainly used in the photo voltaic power plants that are solar energy plants in that system there is energy management system (EMS) and in that SCADA was one of the major subsystems.

This abstract provides reliability of SCADA and its implementation methods. The SCADA reliability is affected by two reasons communication and device failure. Wrong or illegal information can disturb the communication system and lead to failure of this power plant in making decisions. A special group called PES has been setup to investigate the system network security information issues. Another factor device failure is also affecting the SCADA system. The two mechanisms were provided to improve device mean time between failures. In the power plants system device redundancy should be implemented to solve failures and increase reliability in SCADA system.

SCADA System structure:

The local scada system unit consists of RTU data acquisition unit and communication unit. The Scada system collects the information about temperature, ir radiance, dc output voltage and current and current relay switch state.

System communication unit selects the best communication unit according to situations. Currently RES power generation system was adopted and for remote monitoring purpose GSM, GPRS, INTERNET are used.

Communication strategy:

For the distributed photo voltaic power plants open network communication system was used. The SCADA systems and connected by monitoring systems then there is a chance of potential attack and can cause damage to the system. For this RTU sends request link to SCADA system and does not do any operation until it gets response message. In order to identify correct RTU device it checks for certificate information and then only it proceeds.

Download  Solutions for SCADA System Communication Reliability in Photo voltaic Plants Project Report .

Introduction to Content Dependent Water Marking Scheme for Speech Signal :

Today the emergence of broadband internet connections and error free transmission of multimedia data have ensured protection of ownership and prevention of unnecessary modifications in the data. The design is intended to develop novel audio watermarking algorithms which would also include performance and increase in complexity. 

Introduction

With the need of protection of digital multimedia data have given rise to developing a new technology of digital watermarking. In such a technique watermark speech signal is embedded into the unnecessary part of the speech signal. The application of watermark design can be foreseen in ownership protection, proof of ownership, authentication and tampering detection, broadcast monitoring, information carrier, perceptual transparency, watermark bit rate, robustness, communication channels dependent on security. 

Watermarking model

It consists of an embedded where signal extraction takes place and this allows the transformation of signal into different domains. The signal also goes through channel noise modeling. Then the signal goes through the watermark decoder. 

Speech processing

By the coding and synthesis keeping in the parameters like formants, phonemes sounds can be influenced. There are several parameters which influence the speech processing. The voice command dictation the speech command can be functioned and similarly encoding can be done on the speech signal. 

Wavelets

It’s a windowing technique of variable sized signals. It involves Fourier analysis. Mathematical equations are used to find out the resolution of wavelet. Different algorithms are used to establish a relation in the signal synthesis study. The signal also passes through a multilevel decomposition and then reconstruction occurs. The simulation of such a design is done by an interactive programming environment using MATLAB. Syntaxes have been developed for reading and writing sound files. 

Conclusion

Signal robustness, protection of ownership and content preservation’s are the main objectives of this design

Download  ECE Project Report for Content Dependent Water Marking Scheme for Speech Signal  .

Introduction to Micro Controller Project on Path Clearing Assist Stick and Obstacle Detection Safety Cap for Blind :

With the day by day life where development is happening every second and there is considerable traffic throughout the roads, it becomes very difficult for the people who are physically challenged and particularly the blind to find path without any help. The proposed project design has been made to assist the blind people in order to find path without any obstruction caused by obstacle. 

Design

In order to implement the design we require a path clearing stick and a safety cap. Path clearing stick is used to detect the obstacle which is coming in front by using an obstacle detector. This obstacle detector is used send a signal when an obstacle comes in front, to the microcontroller and thus sends a vibrating signal near the hand holding the stick. Similarly for any obstacle coming way near the head can be detected using a cap. The similar sensor based system is used in case of a cap too. 

Working model

In case of the assist stick and safety cap similar kind of process flow is quite similar. The obstacle sensor detects the obstacle coming in front and sends then signal to the microcontroller via a relay. The microcontroller is designed in such a manner that the input fed signal is then fed to the vibration module which is thereby connected to the assist stick or safety cap. 

Conclusion

The blind person can get an alarm about the incoming obstacle. The path clearance assist utilizes a reset circuit whereas the safety cap uses crystal. 

Download  ECE Micro Controller Project on Path Clearing Assist Stick and Obstacle Detection Safety Cap for Blind.

Introduction to Energy Efficient Wavelet Transform Algorithm Project:

Objective 

To build a technique which would enable us transmission of message that may be in the form of audio, pictures and video using mobile applications. The two footprints are critical in this system namely energy and bandwidth. In order to maintain quality of pictures we follow energy efficient wavelet transform algorithm (EEWITA). 

Features of wireless data services 

This includes different areas of communication provisioned under mobile communication.

With the scope for improvement in transmitting the signals, one of our prime concernswould be to reduce the data that is transmitted over the wireless channel. 

Image compression 

These techniques involving algorithms reduce computation and communication energy with minimal loss. The cumulative analysis of parameters has resulted in developing adaptive image codec. 

Wavelet image compression 

The image goes through transformation, quantization and encoding. The algorithms which are used for image compression are also dependent on energy consumption and robustness. 

The transform uses low pass and high pass sub band where the former represents down sampled version and the latter is residual version. The energy consumption is modeled by involving number of operations and is denoted as computational load. The data access load is more than computational load.This transform is used to reduce computational energy. The basic principle used in this transform in H* elimination. An effective analysis can be drawn between AWIC and H*. 

Wavelet image compression parameters 

The parameters used here are wavelet transform level and quantization level. 

Adaptive image communication 

Here we obtain a relation between signal to noise ratio and compression ratio primarily and define the appliance constraints later obtaining a representation. 

Results 

The comparative analysis of system describe that this technique is used to reduce the energy consumption and hence transmit data in the form of bits. 

Conclusion 

This technique enables transmission of large data in secured form.

Download  ECE Project Topic on Energy Efficient Wavelet Transform Algorithm .

Introduction to Image Capture Automated Toll Gate Micro Controller Project:

Objective:

The system has been designed with a motive to maintain a proper channel system for movement of vehicles in and out within an environment and thus ensuring automatic payment system using RFID. 

Scope: 

The design ensures image capturing, vehicle detection and payment completed. RFID card ensures account details and amount that needs to be paid.  The design will ensure secured movement of vehicles with systematic payment to the toll through which vehicles pass by. 

Brief methodology: 

The project requires image processing sensor, RFID card, microcontroller, alarm driver with alarm, RFID reader, Lcd, Keypad, Relay. The image of incoming vehicle is captured using an external device. The external device used in this case can be a camera that can monitor the movement of vehicles. From here image processing sensor is used to process the image. Edge detection filter determine the shape of the vehicle. This enables to differentiate between light and heavy vehicle. The first phase of the process is accomplished by using Image processing toolbox and supported by MATLAB software.

The second phase displays the amount to be collected to the owner of the vehicle on Lcd.

The details are stored in RFID card and amount to be collected is stored in the database. In any case of insufficient amount paid by the owner of the vehicle is notified and this results in activation of alarm. The third phase ensures that if the amount paid by the owner of the vehicle then electronically controlled relay is activated. The system is connected in such a manner that the gate is opened.

This system consumes less power and is easy to initialize.    

Application: 

The microntroller based system enables proper redeployment of vehicles and database ensures that the financial part is transparent.

The system adopted here is secured and involves less risk of failures.

Download  Microcontroller Project Topic on Image Capture Automated Toll Gate.

Introduction to Design Of Power System Stabilizer To Improve Small Signal Stability Project:

Objective

Power system stabilizer is the remedial solution for changing in the signal which is due to damping in the system. The design followed in constructing such a system has been adopted from Heffron-Phillip’s model. The modified Heffron-Phillip’s model which is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK has proved to be a better option as compared to the conventional power system stabilizer.

Features of Heffron-Phillip’s model

With increasing demand of electricity and ensuring system stability performance at low frequency oscillations, the damping torque needs to be increased. The Heffron-Phillip’s modified model which is based upon Bode-plot technique, does not depend on external parameters.

Single Machine connected Infinite Bus

The model consists of generator excitation system and AC network which is similar.

Modified Heffron-Phillip’s Model

The model is based on linearizing the system. The system establishes a relation between the transfer function for the model and excitation of the system.

Power System Stabilizer

The parameters involved in the system are PSS gain (K_s), Wash out circuit, Compensator and limiter. The form of the system establishes a dependency on the number of the lead-lag stages. In cases of a dynamic compensator the form of the system is equal to the gain.The washout function should be considered while assessing the performance of PSS. The value of this function should be high enough to allow signals to pass through unaffected.

Performance of stabilizer

Single Machine connected Infinite Bus/SMIB test system is used here. Bode plot is drawn comparing the transfer functions. Mathematical equations infer the stabilizer gain for the system.Graphs also depict the fault obtained at the bus containing the transformer. It is cleared by tripping. The comparison of the response in same, strong and weak show variations in power factor but oscillations are effectively damped.

Conclusion

The modified Heffron-Phillip’s model can be used and tested on multi-machine systems.

Download  ECE Project Report on Design Of Power System Stabilizer To Improve Small Signal Stability  .