Category: Electronics projects Topics

This category consists of electronics projects abstracts, ECE project reports and paper presentations. Students can select best electronics project topics on robotics, embedded systems, GPS, GSM, wireless communication ..etc. Here we provide full project reports for electronic projects and abstracts with circuit diagrams.
These projects can be used for mini and major projects which covers new topics and ideas.

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Development of Energy Management and Warning System for Resident ECE Project Report

In this paper we will discuss about the working remote controllable room architecture which is possible by reducing standing power which in turn reduces the energy consumption. The power controller is designed by using embedded systems with microcontroller functionality. By using this we can efficiently manage the power outlets. By using various sensors we can detect the usage and based on that the load elements get on. We use a controller which automatically reduces the standby power when there are variations in power flow.

Room architecture and microcontroller working:

We find light sensors, temperature and humidity sensors which sense the information of the room and pass it to the microcontroller. To the microcontroller we connect different appliances through a relay. Based on the sensed information given by the sensors the microcontroller makes the appliances to turn on or off. To drive the relays we will use an pre ULN 2003 drive which gives the required motion for the relay.

We use a pic16F877A microcontroller which has additional features which is suited for our design requirement. It has a 16 bit timer and 10 bit ADC and 256 bytes of EEPROM memory and it executes the code at the speed of 1microsecond which is faster than a microcontroller execution. We can code the microcontroller using c language and the program is loaded into the microcontroller using PIC flash.

Future scope:

The proposed model can be implemented to a single room.  By using this model we can reduce the usage of power flowing to the appliances and this model is available at a low cost. We can design this model by using wireless communication through Zigbee protocol and we can interconnect rooms through servers. Thus we can conclude that the proposed model works efficiently in saving power in room architecture.

Download  Development of Energy Management and Warning System for Resident ECE Project Report.

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Energy Harvesting From Passive Human Power Electrical Project Abstract

Introduction to Energy Harvesting From Passive Human Power Electrical Project:

All the electronic and electrical devices need power for their working and depending upon the capacity of the device they are supplied with low are high voltages. There are various methods for generating power and the most common method which we use in power plants is by using fossil fuels or by using water currents for running turbines to generates power. In this paper we will see how power is generated by using human body actions like walking, body heat and blood pressure. We will see how passive human power is used for generating power and various energy techniques.

Brief on energy harvesting methods:

The power from the human passive power will be a few volts which cannot be used for higher voltage devices but this can be used for running low voltage electronic devices. Kinetic energy harvesting is one of methods which use motion driven ambient energy micro scavengers relay which acts as a transducer for converting kinetic energy into mechanical energy. In case of piezoelectric harvesters we use mechanical motion which stimulates the piezoelectric material and due to this internal charge configuration changes which generates voltage across the surface.

In electrostatic harvesters which are motion sensitive uses a parallel plate variable capacitor which uses kinetic energy or the dampening vibration forces for generation of electricity. These are rectifier free designs because the rectifier can only control alternating input voltage to desired output voltage and in the harvesters the power generated may not constant so to store the generated power for shorter duration before sending to a capacitor or a battery we use inductor.

Conclusions:

This is a renewable source of energy as we use passive human power for generation of current. The challenge of the harvesting designs is to provide a net energy gain and to reduce the losses occurring due to inductors and overcome the power dissipation in the process.

Download  Energy Harvesting From Passive Human Power Electrical Project Abstract.

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Energy Efficient Electrical Drives Electrical Project Report

Introduction to Energy Efficient Electrical Drives Electrical Project:

Electrical drive is a device or equipment which converts electrical energy into mechanical motion which is used for controlling the motion of the device attached to it. Based on the requirement we find different kind of electrical drives employed in industries for driving various devices. In this paper we will see different kinds of electrical drives and the working model of electrical drives.

Brief on the working of electrical drives:

To obtain variable speeds electric drives are employed in industries. The design of electrical drive consists of a power modulator which manages the eddy currents and depending upon the torque characteristics of the load it will change the electrical energy coming from the source. A control circuit is provided so as to regulate the speed based on the requirement.

A sensing device is placed in the equipment which senses the speed of the load and passes the information to the control circuit which makes necessary changes. We find losses in the electrical drive due to power modulator and transmission medium and power converters and motor factors. There are certain methods which reduce the losses and increase the efficiency of the drive. By improving the power factor at the input side and by reducing the harmonics the losses are overcome.

Advantages and disadvantages:

When compares to other drives the cost of availability of electrical drives is low and has higher efficiency. We can control the device easily with the provided remote control. Electrical drives have very less delay time in starting when compare o other mechanical drives. If any failures occur for a short time it may cause the entire system to crash. The losses occurring in this drives are more based on the factors of usage. 

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Embedded System Based Implementation of Drip Irrigation ECE Project Abstract

Introduction to Embedded System Based Implementation of Drip Irrigation Project:

Due to insufficient rains and lack of proper storage reservoirs there is a need to use the limited water resources effectively. By using drip irrigation system the water the wastage of water gets reduced as the water is directly supplied near the roots. But it is very difficult to supply water only where there is a requirement, so by using an embedded based microcontroller design it is possible. In this paper we will look into the design of system which monitors the drips present in the farm.

Brief on the design and working:

To make a design we should look into the type of soil and the amount of water to be supplied for each plant and the time intervals to follow for supplying water. We will be using temperature and moisture sensors which will be buried under the soil each line of drip. When the temperature and the moisture are reached to the required point then they transmit a signal to the microcontroller which drives the relays by making the pipe valves to turn off.

For this design we will be using an 89C51 microcontroller which has 8KB of flash memory which is best suited for programming our application. The microcontroller program is written in embedded c and is loaded into the flash memory by using keil software. A DC motor is used for regulating the flow of water through the pipes.  A LCD is connected to the microcontroller which displays the lines where the drips are on. Amplifiers are connected to the sensors so as to energize the out coming signal the sensors.

Advantages:

This design is a low cost model and it can be easily installed. By employing this design we can reduce manpower and we can look after the water supply very easily. By using drip irrigation the wastage of water gets reduced and by supplying required amount of water to the plants we can yield more. This is error free design as we are using a microcontroller for monitoring the system.

 Download  Embedded System Based Implementation of Drip Irrigation ECE Project Abstract.

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Real Time Pedestration Detection and Tracking at Night Time for Driver Assistance Systems

Introduction to driver assistance systems:

Because of accidents the pedestrians are the most affected people. It is very difficult for the drivers to detect the people crossing the roads during night times. The proposed system is a driver assistance system which detects the pedestrians crossing the roads and gives an alarm to the driver so that he can decrease the speed of the vehicle. In this paper we will see the design and the working model of the driver assistance system.

Working model and design:

We will use an 89C52 microcontroller which is the heart of the design and it controls the flow of signals to the components. To detect the pedestrians we will employ an infrared sensor which can track the object and past the information to the microcontroller. A software program is loaded into the microcontroller so as to give the buzzer based on the information given by the sensor. The program is written using embedded c and is loaded into the microcontroller ROM using keil software. This device is placed in front of the vehicle and when the device is switched on the sensor starts working. The entire device is provided with a 5V dc power supply by using a battery source.. The keil software is capable for programming flash memories.

Advantages:

This is very efficient device for tracking or detecting the pedestrians walking during night time and avoids the occurrence of accidents. This device gives a alarm so that the diver gets alert. This device can be developed by using automatic break system which stops the car automatically when a obstacle is detected.

Download  Real Time Pedestration Detection and Tracking at Night Time for Driver Assistance Systems  Project Report.

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Electrostatic Micro Power Generation from Low Frequency Vibration Electronics Project Abstract

This project aims at generating high output power from low frequency signal. This type of power system generators are used in low frequency harvesting applications. In this type of low frequency power generators a new electret electrode is used a micro power generator which is a new vibration structure. In this paper we will see how the micro power is generated and how an electret electrode is designed.

Brief on the working model:

The electrostatic micro power generator device is made up of two fixed pats made of glass substrates with collector electrodes. These are provided with moving parts with a electric structure made of silicon substrate which have proof mass.

Micro balls are fixed firmly so as to support the moving parts and they can roll along the silicon and glass substrates. For the springs attached to moving parts the spring constant is kept low so as to vibrate at low resonance frequencies. The electrets electrodes are made of dielectric material which has quasi permanent electric charge facing the collector electrode.

Advantages:

These power generators are capable of generating a power of above 40W even under a signal of 2hz. These types of micro power generators are best suited for low frequency harvested applications. By using high surface electret electrodes we can design high power generation structure. This type of design allows separation gap control and a long range movement even at low frequencies. We can even use human motions for generation of power.

 Download  Electrostatic Micro Power Generation from Low Frequency Vibration Electronics Project Abstract.

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Solar Thermal Power System Electrical Final Year Project Report

Introduction to Solar Thermal Power System Project:

Due to growing electricity demands the power generated from the thermal power stations could not reach the needs as they run short of coal. There is a need to look into renewable sources for power generation. In this paper we see solar thermal power system which uses sunlight and gets converted into heat energy for running steam turbines to generate electricity.

At present the use of this systems is very less as it is facing certain drawbacks and the cost for installation of the equipment high. We will discuss about the measurement steps to be taken for improving the thermal efficiency of the solar system.

Brief on the working of Solar thermal power system:

In solar thermal power systems the operating temperatures are below 360C which is of less efficient for maintaining a constant steam for power generation. In order to increase the efficiency the stem generated from solar thermal power systems is added to the conventional thermal power systems, by which only a limited fuel energy can be used for generating the steam.

The heat generated in the solar thermal power systems can meet 70 percent of the heat absorption requirements and the remaining can be generated by using fossil fuels. The proposed design is called as a trough solar power system and by using this system we can generate temperature of 560C which is used to drive a turbine.

Advantages of using a combined system:

By using this combined system we can overcome mid temperature problem face in solar thermal power plants. By using this combined system for power generation we can reduce the usage fossil fuels which reduces the pollution and also cut downs the generation costs of power. By using this method we can improve the efficiency and cost of maintenance also decreases.

Download  Solar Thermal Power System Electrical Final Year Project Report.

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Autonomous Under Water Vehicles Electronics Final Year Seminar Report

Introduction to Autonomous Under Water Vehicles Seminar Report:

The two thirds of the earth surface is covered by water and it is very difficult for a human being to go into deep oceans for making a study of the species present. So we are not that aware of the available species of plants and the aquatic life present in the deep oceans. So there is need for the development of autonomous under water vehicles which can mover under deep oceans. In this paper we will look into the development of underwater vehicles and how they work under water in deep oceans.

Development of underwater vehicles:

The concept of submarine came in the 17th century and but the practical model of submarine was designed by Reverend George W. Garret and it worked on fireless steam engine and it capacity of ten hours. In the recent years a drastic development has been made in the design of submarines and they are having many advanced features.Depending on the usage the submarines are classified has manned and unmanned systems. Manned systems are used in military and non military purposes for the purpose of investigations and for operating under water.

Whereas the unmanned systems have a onboard computers and they perform the operations of the [redefined task and they can be communicates through wireless communication. unlike radio signals which are used in land communication and they are suitable for communication in underwater so we use acoustic signals which can propagate through multi paths are used in underwater communication. in the design of a underwater vehicles we find command and control section which contains remote terminals for controlling and tail section which has a motor operated fan which makes the vehicle to move underwater.

Conclusions:

The underwater vehicles are used mainly for military purpose for proving security in the coastal areas. We find other unmanned systems which are used for making a study on the plant species and to find aquatic life and to explore minerals which are available in deep oceans. 

Download  Autonomous Under Water Vehicles Electronics Final Year Seminar Report.

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Solider Monitoring System Electronics Final Year Project Report

The national security of the country depends on the army and for they should provide a better security system for the soldiers to safeguard them from the enemies. In this paper we will see a solider monitoring system which safe guards the soldier from the enemies and communicates the information of the soldier. This device is present in the jacket of the soldier and it contains a GPS system for tracking the position of the soldier and  sensors are present which looks into the health of the soldier and a GSM enabled phone is present for communicating.

Brief on the design of monitoring system:

Here we find a soldier unit which is present in his jacket and a base unit consists of server which is located at the army office. In the base unit a GSM modem is present for enabling the transmission and reception process from the monitoring system present at the soldier. We will use Zigbee protocol system for making the communication and it is best suited for network functionalities. 

A PIC18F452 microcontroller is used for controlling the devices and to give response accordingly. A heart beat sensor is placed in the system which measure the heart beat of the soldier. For connecting the components we will use max232 cable as it can drive the message given the pic microcontroller. ADC converter is used for converting the data given from components to the microcontroller. The entire unit is provide with a 5V dc power supply.

Advantages of using Soldier monitoring system:

By using this device we can track the positions of the soldiers and we can guide them when they enter enemy field. It give the health status of the soldiers so we can provide medical assistance. Thus we can conclude that these kinds of devices are very helpful for ensuring security to the soldiers.

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Electronics In Biomedical and Instrumentation Project Abstract for ECE Final Year Students

Introduction to Electronics In Biomedical and Instrumentation Project:

The development in medical field led to the use of electronic devices for making a better and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Electronics and instrumentation engineers design the required equipment for biomedical field. Biomedical medical engineering is application which consists of engineering principles which are used for analyzing the problems in medical and biological sciences so as to provide a better diagnosis. In this paper we will look into the equipment which are being used for performing tests and about the devices which are used in treatment.

Brief on usage of electronics in biomedical fields:

Depending upon the usage of the electronic equipment in the biomedical we classify them. We use ECG, MRI and CTSCAN for making a diagnosis of the tissues present in the body and based on these reports the doctors analyze the damage. These devices consist of electrodes which transmit signals on the body of the human being, based on the interface and impedance of the signal on the human body the diagnosis is made.

Now days the doctors are performing the operations by a process called as laparoscopic where the electronic device is injected into the body through a nerve and it treats the affected area. Research is going on in the fields of tissue engineering where a artificial tissue can be created by using electronic equipment. Genetic engineering is the study of DNA structure and we can manipulate the genetic material of DNA and inject required material.

Advantages:

By using the electronic equipment we can make a better diagnosis for give a proper treatment. By using laparoscopic methods we can perform the operations exactly on the affected areas with a little loss of blood. By making a research in genetic fields we can develop hybrid crops which yield more and have high resistance towards pests.

Download  Electronics In Biomedical and Instrumentation Project Abstract for ECE Final Year Students.