Category: Electrical Projects

Heavy Electrical Industry in India includes transmission, power generation, distribution, and utilization equipments, turbo generators, boilers, many types of turbines, transformers, switchgears and many allied items. Heavy electrical industry manufactures majority of the products in India that has items such as transformers, switchgears etc. and used by all Indian economy sectors. The major areas multi core projects for power generation, nuclear power stations, petrochemical complexes, chemical plants, integrated steel plants, non-ferrous metal units, etc are using it.

India is the developing country like China to produce a high range of electric power generation and transmission equipment. Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL) has the unique distinction in the world that manufactures all major power generating equipment in a roof.

The heavy electrical industry has the capability of manufacturing transmission and distribution equipment upto 400 KV AC and high voltage DC. The industry has higher voltage system of 765 KV and facility to supply 765 KV class transformers, reactors, CTS, CVT, bushing and insulators, etc.

The electrical industry investments in R & D are largest in the corporate sector in India and large electrical equipment is also manufactured in India. The heavy electrical industry encompass thermal, hydro and gas based power plants, substation projects, rehabilitation projects, variety of products such as transformers, photo voltaic equipments, insulators, switchgears, motors, etc.

The mission of this industry is to be a leading Indian Engineering Enterprise to provide quality products system and services in the field of energy, transportation, infrastructure and many potential areas.    Working capital is classified as Gross Working Capital and Net Working Capital.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that company has a good credit policy, profit is more than last year that is  favorable for the company, comparing the financial position and comparing the average collection period and debtors. The company draws a new vision, mission and b\value statements.

Download Heavy Electrical Industry in India Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

This Harmonic Analysis of Separately Excited DC Motor Drives describes about the design and harmonic analysis of Single Phase PWM rectifier with DC motor drives to reduce the current harmonics of the PWM rectifier. A PWM switching technique reduces the harmonics. Comparison of single phase PWM rectifier and single phase controlled rectifier is presented with the use of MATLAB simulation and the programming is accomplished in FPGA to generate gating signals. 

PWM rectifier is power converter to convert an ac to dc that is implemented with power electronic semiconductor switches like MOSFET and IGBT. PWM rectifiers have bidirectional power flows used in battery charger, UPS system, regulated dc voltage source. 

SCR converters have low power factor that result in higher order harmonics. Because of the advent of fast semiconductor devices like MOSFET, IGBT, and pulse width modulation techniques, passive filters are replaced with PWM rectifiers.

The conversion of electric energy is done by semiconducting converters that led to the growth of negative phenomenon to be negligible. Therefore the development of semiconductor structures enabled transmission of higher power to have wide spread of converters.

The block diagram of consists of Power circuit, Load, FPGA controller, Optocoupler, and Driver circuit. A single phase AC supply is fed to the power circuit; the power circuit converts AC/DC where AC supply is converted to DC. Power semiconductor is triggered by the gating signals in the power circuit.

There are two kinds of MOSFETs.  They are Depletion type MOSFET and Enhancement type MOSFET. The converter switches are turned ON and OFF during a half cycle in a PWM control.

Conclusion:

The PWM is used to control rectifiers to eliminate the problems occurred by using phase controlled rectifiers. Hence the PWM rectifiers performs well in many applications like battery charger, UPS system, regulated DC voltage source. The PWM rectifier asserts with its good behavior in many applications and thyristor rectifiers controls load supply grid with consume reactive power and higher harmonics.

Download Harmonic Analysis of Separately Excited DC Motor Drives Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

The objectives of this Fabrication of an Automatic Battery Charger Using SCR are an automatic battery charger with and without using trickle charging arrangement. The battery charger controls the charging current with the comparison of the terminal voltage of the battery under charge and constant reference voltage obtained across a Zener diode.

When charged condition of the battery is full then the SCR automatically turns OFF and cuts the battery out of the charging circuit. It keeps the battery healthy by avoiding its overcharging.

A transformer is a static device that has two or more stationary circuits which are interlinked with a common magnetic circuit for transferring electrical energy between them and EMF equation of a transformer is given by e=4.44Baft.

A step up transformer has secondary voltage which is greater than its primary voltage. A transformer is made up of two or more coils of insulated wires wound around iron core. If voltage is applied to one coil then it magnetizes the iron core.

Three phase transformer needs less space than single phase. Three phase is lighter, smaller, cheaper and more efficient and are positioned at 120 degree to each other.

A diode is an electronic component with two terminals to conduct electric current in only one direction and a crystalline piece of semiconductor material is connected to two electrical terminals. The unidirectional behavior is called rectification.

A Zener diode permits current in the forward direction and in the reverse direction when the voltage is larger than the breakdown which is called “Zener knee voltage” or “Zener voltage” which can be measured using Zener diode tester.

A silicon-controlled rectifier is a four-layer solid state device which controls current. SCR has four layers of alternating P and N type semiconductor materials and silicon is used as the intrinsic semiconductor and proper dopants are added to it.

Conclusion:

In this project, Automatic Battery Charger Using SCR  as an Electronic THYRISTOR is used to control the charging system. It is an automatic system with which charging a battery up to 12 volts rating is very easy.

Download Fabrication of an Automatic Battery Charger Using SCR Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

The objective of this Digital Phase Selector Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report, the demand is increasing day by day and able to generate power to the requirement, to transmit power with maximum efficiency and minimum losses. The major problem now a day a consumer is facing is power interruption with which major damage is caused to money and sometimes to life and lot of time is wasted. Another major problem with power interruption is in distribution system.

Power instability backs up the utility supply for automation of phase selection or alternative sources of power. Most applications of industrial and commercial are power supply dependent. A digital phase selector is installed in residential and office premises with the use of single-phase equipment. If any mains phase lines go fail then it chooses the available phase line automatically.

All domestic loads are connected to single phase supply and when the fault occurs then power is available in other phases and so we cannot utilize that power. High frequency switching technology is the latest technique that uses infrared radiation for switching purpose and IC MCT2E opto coupler is used. The advantage with this technique is mechanical switching is reliable for single phase supply.

The digital phase selector is able to take power from inverter and when the power fails in all the three phases then availability of inverter gets more reliable. The inverter is charged during normal conditions and gives back up during fault conditions.

The block diagram of digital phase selector has four blocks they are Phase sensing and switching block, Control logic block, Relay driver section, and Power supply unit.

Conclusion:

Electrical energy is the only form of energy available easily and advantage of this energy form is to convert one form of energy into electrical energy and vice-versa and its usage has been increasing day by day. The digital phase selector is an advanced technique used for automation and power quality improvement.

Download Digital Phase Selector EEE Student Project.

Design of Turbo-Alternator Using C-Language: An alternator is an electromechanical device to convert mechanical energy to alternating current electrical energy and any AC electrical generator is called an alternator. Large alternators driven by steam turbines generally are called turbo-alternators.

The types of turbo alternator is based on it construction. They are salient or projecting pole type and non salient or cylindrical pole type. These are high speed machines and are driven by steam turbines and gas turbines with maximum speed of 3000 rpm and can generate up to 1000 MW.

Main parts of turbo alternator are Stator, which is the stationary part of the alternator that carries the armature winding and rotor is the rotating part of the alternator that carries the field winding.

From the block diagram of turbo alternator in the PowerPoint presentation, there is a rotating magnet which is called the rotor and it turns within a stationary conductor that is wound in coils which is called the stator. The field generates an induced EMF (electromotive force) makes the rotor to turn.

The rotating magnetic field induces an AC voltage in the stator windings. Often there are three sets of stator windings, physically offset so that the rotating magnetic field produces a three phase current, displaced by one-third of a period with respect to each other.

The software used to develop the alternator is a C language. It is the most popular and versatile computer language since it is a high level, structured, and machine independent language and the programs written in C have are fast and efficient. C extends its ability and Turbo-Alternator is designed by using C-language.

Conclusion:

Alternator is the main source of electrical energy which we consume. It is the largest energy converter present in the world. This project is about to design a Turbo-Alternator with the help of C-language.

Download Design of Turbo-Alternator Using C-Language.

Complete Self protection Technology to Minimize the Failures of Distribution Transformer: The failure of secondary distribution transformer in power systems described as one of the tragedies of distribution system management in countries like India. With the advent of CSP technology, there is a progressive high performance distribution transforms that mitigate the operation and maintenance problems related with conventional transformers.

CSP technology helps a transformer to protect from faults CSP system. The components are primary fuse used as internal expulsion fuse for system protection and secondary circuit breaker used for overload and secondary fault protection, signal light, the emergency control magnetic trip and surge arrester used for lightning protection.

CSP technology helps the transformer in thermal protection and other important function of CSP technology is use of CSP circuit breaker for secondary fault protection. Therefore the construction consists of circuit breaker along with temperature sensing, latching, tripping and current interrupter.

The coordination between the primary fuse and secondary circuit breaker to perform the task is an important task done by the CSP transformer. CSP technology is low installed cost and requires less time for installation, safe operation and more reliable service.

Transformer is an apparatus of static piece which helps in transforming power from one circuit to another without the change in frequency. It raises or lowers the voltage as current decreases or increases. Transformers have two conducting coils that are linked by a common magnetic flux by a path of low reluctance. The coil that receives power is called primary winding and the coil that delivers the power is called secondary winding and both these coils are wound on a laminated magnetic core material.

The transformer is used depending upon the requirement. Transformer efficiency and performance is unaltered.

Conclusion:

CSP technology has a high performance distribution transformer and better distribution system management. It enables a transformer to protect itself from failures. The transformer protects from over loads.

Download Complete Self protection Technology to Minimize the Failures of Distribution Transformer Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.