Category: ECE Mini Projects

Electronics final year students can download latest ECE Mini and major Projects on embedded systems, micro controller , robotics , vlsi …etc with project reports and abstracts for free download. ECE project topics an ideas listed here will guide students to select best project for there major and mini project.

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Technical Seminar Topic for ECE Students on Renewable Sources of Energy with Report

Introduction to Technical Seminar Topic on Renewable Sources of Energy:

The main objective of this paper is to educate the people about the use of fuel cells in the production of energy through renewable sources. Due to rapid extinction of the present available energy sources we need to find an alternate way for the energy so the ultimate option for the replacement of non renewable resources are the sustainable energy sources comes from the nature, due to its abundance in nature and cleaner than the fossil fuel are to be utilized properly, the major advantage is these energy sources are replenished by the nature constantly with in shorter span of time.

The various forms of renewable energy are hydro energy, wind energy, solar energy, bio mass energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, wave energy, bio fuel. So far solar energy is earth most reliable and highly available energy source so we need to convert the conventional solar energy into electricity by using fuel cells.

These conversion plants are known as photo voltaic plants i.e. PV plants. These fuel cells are one kind of electric cell which converts the hydrogen or hydrogen based fuels into electrical energy directly, these fuel cells uses hydrogen as their input fuel, the entire electro chemical reaction is clearly explained in the coming sections, now a day’s these fuel cells are intensively used in commercial applications, and these cells created a new dimension in the production of a neat and clean electrical energy.

 In this paper we presented a brief summary about the origin, chemical composition, advantages and challenges facing by these fuel cells in recent days. These cells are gaining reputation in residential power production and they can be used as portable power suppliers. These are highly reliable and most effective devices. And finally in order meet the increasing demand on electricity these fuel cells are the primary choice for the generation authorities.

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PWM FED Speed Control of Induction Motor ECE Project for Final Year Students

Introduction to PWM FED Speed Control of Induction Motor ECE Project:

The induction motor has finding enormous applications in industries in these days, due to its advantages the utilization of induction motors are increasing day by day, so in order to attain proper functionalities we need to regulate the speed of this induction motor, the speed of the induction motor is controlled by resistance control on rotor or stator side, stator voltage control, or by pole changing method but these conventional method  are not so effective in controlling the speed of the induction drive so in order to full fill the requirements like low noise, high accuracy, less ware and tear with less operational speed we implemented an new concept in this paper i.e.

“   PWM fed speed control of induction motor controlled by  the computer”. Here in this project we generate numerous pulses in every half cycle such that the width of the pulse is less at the end and beginning of the half cycle and maximum at the center, and this width of the pulse varied by the amplitude of the reference sine wave, such that the amplitude of the carrier wave is less than the reference sine wave and these two signals are mixed in the comparator, the output signal frequency is controlled by the modulation index.

The proposed system consists of power supply circuit, Microcontroller, opt-isolator used as a driver circuit, MAX232 integrated circuit, TRIAC and an LCD to display for the output. The power supply consists of a step down transformer to obtain 12v ac from 230v ac and an full bridge rectifier to gain 5v dc for the circuit operation, we use an PIC (16F877A) micro controller to control the operations of this device, asynchronous receiver/transmitter is used to transmit the data between parallel and serial lines.

The entire set up and working phenomenon is explained neatly along with the experimental results.

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ECE Project for Final Year on Power Management System with full Report

Introduction to  Power Management System ECE Project:

In electrical utilization power management plays a crucial role in monitoring the power variations in the electrical appliances and providing proper security under faulty conditions. Due to enormous increase in the energy costs there is an immediate need of proper energy management so In order to provide a unique reliable and efficient stable energy supply for the electrical loads there is an intense need of power management system.

The main objective is to provide full control over the entire electrical system of the industries with reliable and flexible power management at a supreme supervision of the varying conditions. This power management system manages the power generation and regulates the power flow with an efficient performance in multi task operations i.e. can control various devices at a single instant. This power management system ensures a reliable and stable energy supply from the source and by preventing the disturbances.

 So by implementing these devices we can regulate the power at a minimum cost at a maximum security for electrical appliances. In this project for the protection of the devices we use the electromagnetic relays for sensing the varying parameters in the network and these are automatic static relays operates under faulty conditions. This project is based on Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) which facilitates the user to monitor and regulate the process in the entire network. This SCADA consist of hardware and software components and the assemblies along with their functions are clearly explained below.

This paper gives a brief idea about the faults in the power system, need of the protective system, different types of protective relays, about SCADA with its implementation, and the experimental verification of the proposed system. This application of SCADA can be extended to various levels of engineering in the field of supervision, control, automation by using automatic numerical relays.

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Power Factor Improvement (PFI) Plant Main Project for ECE Students with Report

Introduction to Power Factor Improvement (PFI) Plant Main Project:

The electricity is generated and transmitted intensively in the form alternating current; the term power factor comes into play in alternating current transmission, in real time transmission most of the electrical loads are inductive in nature so they create low lagging power factor on the source this undesirable lagging power factor results in increasing current and increasing the loss of active power in the electrical system, high copper loss, poor voltage regulation, right from source to load, so we need to improve the power factor,  our project objective is to provide a better situations in energy transmission providing favorable economical conditions and power cost management.

The major cause of poor power factor is due the inductive load behavior so we need to connect an extra device which takes leading power hence the capacitor is connected in parallel to the device to balance the power factor, in this project the power factor improvement plant consists of a Capacitor, Relay, Magnetic contactor, Fuse, Bus-bar, KVA meter, Ampere Selector, Voltage Selector. The assembly and their working phenomenon were clearly explained in the working section.

This power factor improvement plants uses the capacitors as a major source to improve power factor. This is related to the conventional static capacitor phenomenon but it is different because it uses relays and measuring meters to sense the variations in power factor and acts accordingly based on the requirement automatically. This automatic operation is facilitated by the electromagnetic relay which operates when the power factor is low.

The entire assembly and the experimental survey reveal that this system is a highly reliable with low losses, high accuracy with less maintenance, this device can be easily installed and it works under various atmospheric conditions with maximum fault clearance, by implementing this device the lagging KVAR drawn by the inductive devices is greatly reduced.

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Speed Breaker Generator Mini Project for ECE Students

Introduction to Speed Breaker Generator ECE Mini Project:

This paper presents a new concept in the field of power generation; the main objective of this paper is to provide a low budget electricity production, with simple methodologies. In order to meet the enormous demand of electrical energy we have to find alternate sources to full fill the need of supply. Regarding this our project “generating electrical energy from speed breakers” gives a better solution.

In this process we generate electrical energy based on the vehicle weight, and this input object weight is taken as potential energy, this system has mechanism in converting mechanical force into electrical energy. There is an continuous loss of energy in the for heat and friction when an vehicle passes over the speed breaker so in order to utilize the wasting energy we need to implement our project for the conservation of these wasting energies, This paper explains clearly the working mechanism, the design, and practical implementation.  Here to generate electricity we take the potential energy as an input from the passing vehicles and it is used as a prime mover to excite the generator set to produce the electrical energy and this generated energy is stored in the batteries and used for the various applications.

The main procedure includes three kinds of mechanisms Crank-shaft mechanism, Roller mechanism, Rack- Pinion mechanism. Each mechanism had its own advantages and disadvantages but Rack- Pinion mechanism find to more beneficial than the other two by providing greater efficiency, with less gear loss. The materials, tools assembly with their applications and advantages are clearly explained below.

The experimental verification of this sampled kit had revealed that this system is a low cost device with less maintenance, and highly efficient in densely populated areas with high efficiency in production. If we able to design the speed bumps for heavier vehicles which can produce high torques we can extend the range of electricity production.

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RFID Based Library Management System Final Year Project Topic for ECE with Report

Introduction to RFID Based Library Management System Project:

The new method for data collection and auto identification is called radio frequency identification of RFID that enable to automate the process of business. It also helps in large number identifications of objects that are tagged using the radio waves. This system base on library management system allow easy transaction flow and also provide long term and immediate benefits for the the library from the aspect of security and tracability.

The UHF RFID readers are the base of this proposed system and it is further supported with antennas and section for transactions. RFID transponders that are used in library cards can easily able to store electronically informations that can be written and read without any kind of help or contact from the radio medium. Here, we will discuss about the experiments that are conducted for RFID that are based on LMS.

The use of RFID in the library section enhances the borrowing speed of books followed by monitoring speed enhancement and speedy increase in the process of book searching. It makes the library staffs free to follow the user service jobs. The performance of this system varies and it depends on the RFID tags and readers. This technology can only be used perfectly if used in the right direction and it completely depends on the kind of information that is to be written on the tag.

The results of the experiments along with the position of the card reader’s, tag positions are represented in this paper. Work is going on to set up the same in the library of CDAC and development in this technology is going on a state will enable to give a capacity of huge memories, reading ranges and processing speed. It will also make work easier and effective for the librarians. This is an ideal project that can access the work of the library. 

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Robotic Lanmover Final year Project Based on Robotics with Report

Introduction to Robotic Lanmover Final year Project:

The implementation and design of a robotic lawnmower, yardbot is represented in this paper and the main objective is to craft a lawn mover that can mow the grasses in a specific area automatically within less than 20 minutes. It should also able to avoid collisions with the obstacles that may locate in that area. Usually the obstacles that are present in a lawn and therefore must take into consideration are flower pot, fenced area, table and so on. In case the lawnmower comes in contact with any moving objects then it will engage the mover for 30 seconds and then move off from the field area.

The main motto is to achieve a create a frame and to implement perfect algorithms for the the creation of such a motor. It is also followed by the designing of an efficient, navigational and functional algorithm that can process data from a completely different GPS, ultrasonic sensors, digital IMU , laser range finder and a touch screen. The use of coders and output of algorithms will control the direction and speed of the movement.

It is a tedious job to mow a field using a lawn mower and usually a person tends to avoid it. There are two ways in which you can avoid doing this job firstly by engaging someone else to do the job for you in return of some money and secondly to use a robot to accomplish the task.

Here we are focusing on a complex robotic lawn-mower as the existing simple mower has not been accomplished to create a successful mover that can perform exactly even in complex design fields.  The robotic lawn mower proposed in this project is based on the GPS navigation system and is a sophisticated device that is capable of mowing complex and large size fields. 

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Remote Controlled Multipurpose Robotic Vehicle B.tech ECE Seminar Report

This paper presents a new concept “remote controlled multipurpose robotic vehicle”, in the field of industrial robotics these robots had found applications in product inspection and security where high endurance with speed and precision is required. This robotics is most emerging technology I recent days and a rapid advancement of this technology had invented many kinds of robots like humanoids, moving robots based on robot arm, car robots, monitoring robots.

This electromagnetic device operates under three categories, they are manual, semi automatic, fully automatic. Here we make use of dc rives or stepper motors for the mechanical movements of the robots, in manual operation the commands are given by the user are directly given to the robot, in semi automatic operations sum actions are performed without taking commands from the user, and in fully automatic condition i.e. an virtual based mechanism the operations are performed automatically in an predefined manner. 

In our project we dealt with automatic control, multipurpose, reprogrammable a virtual robot used for automation applications, here an re programmable multipurpose manipulator is designed to perform the mechanical movements of the robot,

The major components of this project are RF Transmitter used for short range remote controls, valve-regulated lead-acid battery for the supply of high specific power density, RF Receiver  to  receive the commands from the micro controller , micro Controller used to control the mechanical directions for the robot and guides it, low power electromagnetic Relay is used to provide switch control operations, Aluminum Composite Panel (ACP) or Aluminum Composite Material (ACM)  coated with Polyester paint are used for external cladding and insulation purposes, Coil Springs/helical spring are used for the storage of kinetic energy for subsequent use, DC Motors or steeper motor as the drivers for the robot placed at their wheels, wireless Camera with LED indicator lamp. The construction and its working with its implementation and results are clearly explained in the coming sections. These systems find applications in security, defense as bomb squad, and navigational systems. 

Download Remote Controlled Multipurpose Robotic Vehicle B.tech ECE Seminar Report.

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ECE Major Project Idea on Relay Coordination with Project Report

Introduction to Relay Coordination with Project:

This paper addresses the design and implementation and the importance of relay coordination in an electrical system, the proper operation of an electrical system depends on the coordination of relay system to a greater extent, when  an electrical system under faulty conditions the protective device has to be operated successfully, in every electrical system circuit breakers are the major protective devices which operates based on relays, relays are electrically operated switches using electromagnetic phenomenon, so in high power distributions these relays are to be operated effectively, so proper coordination with the protective devices may facilitates accurate fault detection and eradication.

With an intent to provide Proper application and coordination of over current relays in an electrical system we implemented this project, relay coordination can be done by proper plug setting and time multiplication setting, here in this project we discuss about the operation principles of relays basically relays operates under two principles, Electromagnetic attraction, Electromagnetic induction.

The electromagnetic attraction relays are actuated by dc or ac currents, the types of electromagnetic relays are attracted armature type relay, Solenoid type relay, Balanced beam type relay.

And the electromagnetic relays operates based on the principle of induction motors, these are not operated under dc quantities, the various types of induction relays are Shaded-pole structure, Watt-hour-meter structure, Induction cup structure.

The operation of these relays are discussed individually in the coming sections, the coordination of relays elements has to be made with an intent to attain high sensitivity conditions, the measuring functions are made by an analog/binary signal converting measuring element which has an fixed output level.

This output signal is amplified in the output element, for these operations the power supply is given by the feed element usually it is from mains or from an external battery. Finally by implementing all these required conditions we will achieve a highly accurate, less operational speed, low power consumption relays.  

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PWM Fed Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PC Final Year ECE Major Project Report

Introduction to PWM Fed Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PC Project:

The main objective of this project is to control the speed of an induction motor with pulse modulation technique; this paper deals an innovative way of induction motor speed control mechanism rather than the conventional approaches like stator/rotor resistance control, frequency control method and pole changing method. Here we use sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique and the control operations are monitored by using PC.

A speed encoder is used to detect the speed of the induction motor, IGBT switches in PWM inverter as their switching devices, in this technique several pulses are generated in a single half cycle, and the width of these pulses are varied in accordance to the amplitude of the reference signal, the width of the pulse at the end of the half cycle is maximum, and reduces on the either side.

The carrier wave and the reference wave are coupled in an comparator and pulses generated when the amplitude of the carrier sinusoidal signal is lower than the reference signal, the carrier frequency is controlled by the modulation index M, the peripheral hardware components used in this circuit are Induction Motor, PIC (16F877A) Microcontroller is used here provided with an EPROM memory, Power Supply Unit, Opt-coupler is used for short optical transmission path to transfer an electronic signal between transmitter and the receiver, LCD, transistor TRIAC i.e.

Triode is  an electronic component which is  equivalent to two silicon-controlled rectifiers joined in inverse parallel in order to conduct current in the both directions, With a Current sensor, voltage sensing unit. This overall circuit is operated at a power supply of 5v dc so we need to step down the 230v ac into 12v ac by a step down transformer and rectified into 5v dc by a full bridge rectifier and a voltage regulator.   This new method is a low cost, highly reliable and accurate device with minimum risk.

 Download PWM Fed Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PC Final Year ECE Major Project Report.