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Project Report On Over-Under Voltage Cut-Off With On-Time Delay: Here is a cheap auto cut-off circuit, which is manufactured using discrete transistors and other components. It can be used to cause cargo, such as refrigerator, TV, VCR, and unwanted on-line and low voltage and power fluctuations to be protected by a sudden failure / resumption of power supply source. This circuit can be used directly as a separate circuit from the mains and the load or between existing stabilizer automatically / manually and load to be inserted.

The on-delay circuit not only protects the load from over voltages, but also by the rapid transition (off and on) effect of over / under-voltage relay, in case the supply voltage starts fluctuating in the vicinity of under-or over-voltage preset points. If electricity cut off by default (over or under voltage) limits, the relay / load immediately and it is only when the supply voltage within the preset limits for a period equal to the on time delay switched on. Refrigerators for the delay was for about 2 minutes each preset with the supercharged engine, often to protect an “on” and “off.

In this circuit the on-time and off-time delay depends on charging and discharging time of capacitor C1. Here the discharge time of capacitors C1 is quite less to suit our requirement. We want that on switching ‘off ’ of the supply to the load, the circuit should immediately  be ready to provide the required on-time delay when A.C. mains resumes after a brief interrupted for a short period due to over-/under voltage cut-off operation. This circuit is also useful against frequent power supply interruption resulting from loose electrical connections; be it at the pole or switch or relay contact, or due to any other reason.

Conclusion:

The over/under voltage cut-off with ON-Time delay provides various types of protection 1) Over-voltage protection.2) Under-voltage protection.3) Protection against transients.4) Protection to load from frequent turning ON & OFF by providing time delay. The over/under voltage cut-off with ON-Time delay is much cheaper than a regulator and provides much more protection against various faults. The minor project helped us in exploring the market and gathering information about the current market trends.

Download ECE & EEE Project Report On Over-Under Voltage Cut-Off With On-Time Delay.

This On Line Measurement of Power Quality Parameters Using Signal Processing Techniques provides an overview of the time varying power quality issues in power systems. New signals processing techniques are real time measurement of various power quality parameters. The definition of Power Quality cannot be limited to the characteristics of the supply power. The definition must also include the requirements of the load. Power quality monitoring and analysis must be able to locate and classify noise estimate can be seen on the supply line. The algorithms use to execute these tasks, to sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal conditions. In addition, the signal processing techniques to be able to on-line tracking, measurement and classification of power quality parameters. The signal processing must be applied quickly, precisely and in a position to be used on a single hardware platform.

The report describes four new signal processing techniques applied for real time measurement its simulation and deployment of these techniques on multiprocessor hardware platform. (1) Digital filtering technique applied for frequency measurement under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal conditions.(2) Kalman filter technique applied for on line tracking of power system harmonics.(3) Fast Fourier Transform and statistical method applied for real time detection of flicker.(4) Multi-resolution signal decomposition techniques based on wavelet transform for on line detection, localization and classify disturbances such as sag, swell and transients in power systems. The reason for implementing different technique for different parameters is that each parameter in power system is dynamic and has different resolution in terms of frequency and amplitude. Implementing a single technique for all the parameters result in loss of valuable information. So the technique which provides the maximum benefit for a particular parameter is selected for measurement purpose.

Conclusion:

This report have proposed high performance signal processing techniques and the proposed digital instrument based on multiple DSP that help to speed up measurement and algorithm execution .Power Quality has a dynamic, time-varying nature which with the increased complexity and sensitivity of equipment needs to be properly understood and addressed. Traditional methods are not sufficient. Advanced techniques and technologies, including real real-time modeling / simulation, power electronics solutions, signal processing and controls applications are available to assist in these tasks.

Download On Line Measurement of Power Quality Parameters Using Signal Processing Techniques Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

Project Report On Laser Assisted Machining Of Inconel 718: Laser assisted machining (LAM) can improve the mach inability of materials by locally heating the material prior to its removal. The report is a study of the laser assisted machining of Inconel.

718 with carbide and ceramic insert. The report shows a reduction in the cutting force, and has highlighted the impact of laser assistance on the integrity surface (roughness, appearance, residual stress) and the tool life.

The use of high strength materials, like titanium alloys and tool steels, is becoming increasingly common in industry. However, these materials are difficult to machine because they maintain their mechanical properties even at high temperatures. Hence, conventional machining (CM) of these materials is slow and inefficient because only slow cutting speeds can be used. In order to increase productivity certain types of assistance can be used to facilitate the cut. The report shown that LAM makes it possible to machine high strength metals like bearing steel, boron, metal matrix composites, and ceramics for these materials, it improves workability by decreasing the cutting forces and by increasing the tool life. This process is currently the only process able to machine very hard materials.

Project Report On Laser Assisted Machining Of Inconel 718 Conclusion:

This report, on the laser assisted machining of Inconel 718 has highlighted significant differences between the use of carbide inserts and ceramic inserts. In addition, comparisons with conventional machining were also conducted. Tests have shown that, no matter which insert is used, LAM significantly reduces the cutting force. The integrity of the machined surface, in terms of roughness, is not improved with the use of ceramic inserts in LAM compared to CM. However, this gain is not visible with carbide inserts. Ceramic inserts allow a very good performance during the laser assisted machining, unlike carbide inserts. In fact, the life of a carbide insert in LAM is considerably lower than its life in CM, whereas the life of ceramic inserts in LAM increase by 25% compared to the life in CM.

Download Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report On Laser Assisted Machining Of Inconel 718.

This Project Report On Networked Control System consider Networked Control Systems (NCSs) consisting of a LTI plant, a linear static or dynamic feedback controller, a collection of sensors that provide measurements to the controller; and a collection of actuators that are used to control the plant. The different elements of the control system are spatially distributed, but interconnected through a communication network. Due to the shared and unreliable channel used to connect the subsystems, the sampling intervals are uncertain and variable. Moreover, samples may be dropped and experience uncertain and variable delays before arriving at the destination.

The report shows that the resulting NCSs can be viewed as a MIMO sampled-data system with variable sampling intervals and delay, which can be modeled by linear infinite dimensional impulsive systems. The infinite dimensionality of the system arises from the existence of delays. The report provides conditions for the stability of the closed-loop expressed in terms of LMIs. By solving these LMIs, one can determine positive constants related to each entity sent through the network that determines an upper bound between the sampling time and the next update time at the destination of that entity, for which stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed.

Network Control Systems (NCSs) are spatially distributed systems in which the communication between plants, sensors actuators, and controllers occurs through a shared band-limited digital communication network. Using network as a medium to connect spatially distributed elements of the system results in flexible architectures and generally reduces wiring and maintenance cost, since there is no need for point to point wiring.

Project Report On Networked Control System Conclusion:

This project implies controlling of entire plant from a single node. This employs a very effective data communication between the server and the client, there by proper acknowledgement is received and hence errors can be effectively reduced. This enables reduction in man power, lowering the cost of implementation, ease of maintenance etc.

Download Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report On Networked Control System.

This Project Report On Mitigation Of Power Quality Issues aimed to better understand the transient processes and inter- actions between a high-power and high-voltage SMES device and its power electronics interface. The simulation and integrated modeling of the SMES coil and associated power electronics have been performed using an electromagnetic transient program, PSCAD /EMTDC.The simulation used detailed SMES coil and multiphase GTO- based chopper models. Transient voltages in the SMES coil include those generated by normal GTO, SMES system bypass switching, and those coming from the ac system. Transient suppression methods may include adding filtering capacitors, MOV elements, sharing inductances, changing the chopper switching frequency, and snubber circuit parameters. Although the electromagnetic interactions of a coil and the power electronics interface have been studied before, the high- power and the high-voltage level of this SMES application have presented new challenges to the coil and the power electronics interface designers. These simulations have helped to identify some areas that will be further investigated and optimized as the design of the system proceeds. The results of the electromagnetic transients and voltage suppression study of a 100 MJ SMES system proposed for FACTS/energy storage applications are presented.

Project Report On Mitigation Of Power Quality Issues Conclusion:

This report presents the modeling and simulation results of a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system for power transmission applications. This is the largest SMES  coil  ever  built  for  power  utility  applications  and  has the  following  unique  design  characteristics: 50  MW  (96  MW peak),  100 MJ, 24  kV  dc  interface. As  a  consequence of  the high-power and high-voltage interface, special care needs  to be taken  with  overvoltage  that  can  stress  the  insulation  of  the SMES coil, especially in its cryogenic operating environment. The transient over voltages impressed on the SMES coil are the focus of this investigation. Suppression methods were also studied to minimize transients. The simulation is based on detailed coil and multiphase gate turn-off (GTO)-based chopper models

Download Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report On Mitigation Of Power Quality Issues.