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Complete Self protection Technology to Minimize the Failures of Distribution Transformer: The failure of secondary distribution transformer in power systems described as one of the tragedies of distribution system management in countries like India. With the advent of CSP technology, there is a progressive high performance distribution transforms that mitigate the operation and maintenance problems related with conventional transformers.

CSP technology helps a transformer to protect from faults CSP system. The components are primary fuse used as internal expulsion fuse for system protection and secondary circuit breaker used for overload and secondary fault protection, signal light, the emergency control magnetic trip and surge arrester used for lightning protection.

CSP technology helps the transformer in thermal protection and other important function of CSP technology is use of CSP circuit breaker for secondary fault protection. Therefore the construction consists of circuit breaker along with temperature sensing, latching, tripping and current interrupter.

The coordination between the primary fuse and secondary circuit breaker to perform the task is an important task done by the CSP transformer. CSP technology is low installed cost and requires less time for installation, safe operation and more reliable service.

Transformer is an apparatus of static piece which helps in transforming power from one circuit to another without the change in frequency. It raises or lowers the voltage as current decreases or increases. Transformers have two conducting coils that are linked by a common magnetic flux by a path of low reluctance. The coil that receives power is called primary winding and the coil that delivers the power is called secondary winding and both these coils are wound on a laminated magnetic core material.

The transformer is used depending upon the requirement. Transformer efficiency and performance is unaltered.

Conclusion:

CSP technology has a high performance distribution transformer and better distribution system management. It enables a transformer to protect itself from failures. The transformer protects from over loads.

Download Complete Self protection Technology to Minimize the Failures of Distribution Transformer Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

This An Ultrahigh-Speed Low Power Electrical Drive System represents a new ultrahigh-speed drive system capable of operating at 500000 r/min with a power output of 100W for a portable power gas turbine unit and air-compressor application. The spindle drives use induction motors but a number are replaced by PM machines because of higher efficiency and power density.

The applications in the field of portable power generation, small turbo compressors, and spindles need to develop ultrahigh-speed and low power electrical drives. A magnet machine with a slotless litz-wire winding is used that results in a low motor inductance and a high fundamental machine frequency.

A voltage source inverter results in the lowest volume of the complete drive system because of lower switching losses, no heat sink cooling required, a small number of semiconductor devices, and simple control implementation in a low cost digital signal processor.

It is applied in air-compressors, spindle drives and drills and miniature portable power generation systems. When speed of the electrical machine decreases, it has significant advantages for portable power generation. The high-speed electrical machines depend on the power level and the rated speed of the machine.

Emerging application fields for air compressors, ultrasmall drills and spindles, and portable power generation are produced by mesoscale gas-turbines and these applications require a low power and ultrahigh-speed electrical drive system. The application is used for a portable power unit where the output is utilized to power portable electronic devices of up to 100W. The output voltage is dc with a voltage range from 28 to 42 V which is utilized in aircraft and automotive electrical systems.

Conclusion:

The new emerging applications require the developed ultrahigh-speed and low power electrical drives. A 500 000-r/min and 100-W electrical drive system are developed. The PM is inserted inside a titanium sleeve to achieve a small diameter rotor. The entire drive system is extended to higher speeds or power levels with improved bearing technology.

Download An Ultrahigh-Speed Low Power Electrical Drive System Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

This A Vehicle To Vehicle Communication Protocol for Co-Operative Collision Warning proposes a vehicle-to-vehicle communication protocol for collision warning. Emerging wireless technologies for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications promises to reduce the various fatal roadway accidents by giving warnings.

This technology demonstrates that protocol achieves low latency emergency warnings in road scenarios. Zigbee technology is a wireless data communication provided between two vehicles designed around low-power batteries for lasting forever. The measurement of distance is provided by Ultrasonic sensors that transmit and receive ultrasonic signals.

Vehicles are designed to have a smooth means of transportation based on the principles of reliability and safety however, because of reasons like human-error, circumstantial error and negligence accidents happen and many attention is taken by the technologies to reduce traffic accidents. V2V technologies are very simple to implement due to wireless communication.

Zigbee communicates the information between two vehicles and distance measurement between these vehicles is made by Ultrasonic sensor. The microcontroller controls the complete process that sends a signal to buzzer and zigbee after the distance range is obtained. The main aim of this project is to alert the driver as he a vehicle comes to his front.

ZigBee is the high level communication protocols that uses small and low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANs) like wireless headphones. It is suitable for low data rate and low power consumption like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.

Ultrasonic Sensor is also called transducers that send and receive the signal and works on the principle of radar or Sonar. It evaluates attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from sound waves or radio. They generate high frequency sound waves received by the sensor and sensors calculate the time interval between sending and receiving the signal to evaluate the object distance.

Conclusion:

The major technical challenge in this project is to get low-latency to deliver emergency warnings in road accidents. The application requirement is to design an effective protocol consisting of congestion control policies, service differentiation mechanisms and methods for emergency warning dissemination.

Download A Vehicle To Vehicle Communication Protocol for Co-Operative Collision Warning Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report

The main objective of this A Hybrid Wind-Solar Energy System EEE Btech Project Abstract is to present a front-end rectifier stage with a new system configuration for a hybrid wind/photovoltaic energy system and this configuration allows the two sources to supply the load separately depending on the available energy sources.

The inherent nature of Cuk-SEPIC converter and input filters are not needed to filter out high frequency harmonics. Harmonic content is used for the generator lifespan, heating issues, and efficiency.

The fused multi-input rectifier stage allows Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) which is used to have maximum power from available the wind and sun. An adaptive MPPT algorithm is utilized for the wind system and a standard perturb and for the PV system.

This PowerPoint also presents a block diagram of solar energy system. The advantage of this system is low operating cost, easy to charge, and high power quality.

The application includes Distributed Generation Applications, Constant Speed and Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems, and Photovoltaic Energy System.

The instructional technique for electrical power systems, a hybrid wind-turbine, and solar cell system are implemented which is designed and implemented with the goals such as to be completely different from traditional electricity labs, to be fresh and interesting, to be related to industrial power of real world issues like power quality, to show a complex system that is closer to the real world than the simple systems in educational labs, and to motivate learning by providing elements as environmental and economic concerns of the students.

Conclusion:

The hybrid power system is too expensive and labor intensive for Industrial Technology Departments therefore many benefits are gleaned such as PV panel, batteries, and an inverter, PV panel and a DC motor. The use of solar and wind hybrid power generation is vivid and relevant selection of Industrial Technology students. It is applied in wind power, solar power, geothermal power, hydroelectric power, etc.

Download A Hybrid Wind-Solar Energy System Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE  Btech Project Abstract.

The aim of this Project Report On Transformer Protection Using Numerical Relay is to analyze and upgrade existing transformer protection system in BPCL Kochi Refinery. BPCL Kochi Refinery, formerly known as Cochin Refineries Limited is a public sector enterprise which came into being as a result of a three party agreement among the Government of India, Philips Petroleum Company of the United States of America and the Duncan Brothers of Calcutta.

Transformers are static devices are completely sealed and immersed in oil, as a rule. Therefore, the chances of errors on them are very rare. “But can the consequences of even a rare error can be very serious if the transformer is disconnected from the network quickly. This requires adequate protection for the auto-transformer of possible errors. Small distribution transformers are usually connected to the network through series fuses instead of circuit breakers. Consequently, no automatic protection is required test equipment. However, the probability of failures of transformers and certainly more so the protection is absolutely necessary, the transformer is large and very important institutions in power. It requires reliable protection devices. The protection system is dependent on the size of the transformer. Transformers are rated in transmission and distribution networks in range of a few kVA to several hundred MVA used. Transformers are used for small to medium sized over current relay. For large transformers, differential protection is recommended. The existing transformer protection relays used in BPCL. There different types of protection employ different types of relays. With the technological advances being made in generation protection section, the [generator protection using new methods have gathered momentum. Here we have studied about functioning of transformer protection using numerical relays.

Conclusion:

Transformer protection using numerical relays is the modem version of protection. Numerical relays have got several advantages as compared to ordinary electromagnetic relays. The project is able analyze the existing transformer protection system in BPCL Kochi Refinery. Even though the chances of faults occurring on them are very rare, the consequences of even a rare fault may be very serious unless the transformer is quickly disconnected from the system.

Download Project Report On Transformer Protection Using Numerical Relay.

The highlights of this Project Report On Study Of Co-Gen Power Plant constitute the following phases Firstly it involves a brief introduction about cogeneration power plant, selection of plant site, its advantages and disadvantages and about fuels used in the plant. Secondly, it involves a study of boiler and axillaries, turbines, synchronous generator and brushless type exciter. Lastly it involved a study regarding protection of alternators and transformers.

All the infringing use of electricity for domestic use of power, commercial and industrial purposes requires the provision of bulk electricity economically. This is achieved with the help of suitable producing units, known as power plants or electric power generating stations. As country develops its energy consumption patterns and not to a significant change. Although in a simple society, it is almost a consumer product, is negligible and the effective use of small contribution to the development of the economy. But once power is made available has about the needs of households found that it not only as consumers but is a factor of production

A generating station essentially employees a prime mover coupled to an alternator for the production of electric power. The prime mover (E.g. steam turbines, steam engines, water turbines etc.,) converts mechanical energy of the prime-mover into electric energy. The electrical energy produced by the generating station is transmitted and distributed with the help of the conductors to various is transmitted and distributed with the help of the conductors to various is transmitted and distributed with the help of the conductors to various consumers. It may be emphasized here that apart from prime mover alternator combination, a modern generating station employs several auxiliary equipment and instruments to ensure that cheap reliable and continuous service.

Project Report On Study Of Co-Gen Power Plant Conclusion:

Thus  detailed study on the over view of co-gen power plant helps  in increasing the contribution of power plant in the country’s total energy production. In the current market, given the reasonably large spark gap between electricity and fuel costs and the expectation for natural gas prices to remain suppressed in the foreseeable future, small scale cogeneration in industrial applications is increasingly attractive.

Download Project Report On Study Of Co-Gen Power Plant Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

EEE Project Report On Stepper Motor Control Through Rf Link: A stepper motor is an electromechanical device that converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discrete increments when electrical command pulses are applied in the correct order. The motors rotation has several direct relationships to these applied input pulses. The order of the applied pulses is directly related to the rotational direction of motor shaft rotation. The speed of the motor shafts rotation is directly related to frequency of input pulses and the length of the rotation is directly related to the number of input pulses.

Stepper motors operate differently as rotating brush DC motors, when the voltage applied to their terminals. Stepper motors effectively interlocked electromagnets around a central gear-shaped piece of iron away. An external control, such as a microcontroller pulls the magnet. To rotate the motor shaft, a first electromagnet given power, so that the gear’s teeth magnetically attracted to the electromagnet’s teeth. If the gear teeth so with the first electromagnet are aligned, they are slightly offset from the next electromagnet. When the next electromagnet is turned on and the first is switched off, the gear rotates slightly to align with the next, and from there the process is repeated. Each of these rotations is a slight step, with a whole series of steps, a full rotation. In this way, the engine can be rotated by an exact angle.

Conclusion:

The stepper motor to control the motion of a robot but the biggest hurdle is the wired control. We can control the stepper motor wirelessly through RF link. In this project we are controlling the stepper motor wirelessly through RF link. We are using RF module and AT89S52 microcontroller to achieve this motive. Following are the main components of this report RF Module, Microcontroller, Output mechanical transducer (stepper motor).

Download Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report Stepper Motor Control Through Rf Link.

This EEE Project Report On Solar Tracking System has attempted to provide an automated solar tracking system that will increase the efficiency of the solar system. In the present system, solar panels used are stationary which gives less output and hence decrease the efficiency. But by making use of tracker solar panels we can increase efficiency of solar system. The operator interference is minimal since the system is automated this increases efficiency of the stationary solar system. The GSM facility provided by the system helps the user to monitor the system from anywhere in the world.

A mechanical system for solar tracking was designed and constructed. The idea, which lays behind this system, is based on the determination of the position of sun during its apparent movement relative to the equatorial system of coordinates. This system allows to determining the position of the sun, in relation to any given point at the surface of the planet, using a solar hour angle, the angle of solar declination and the latitude angle of the mentioned point. Two independent methods were used in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed tracking system. The first one is based on measuring the shadow of a pole vertically mounted on plate surface of the tracking unit while the second method is based on the measuring the output current of a standard solar cell mounted on a tracking unit. Experiment has demonstrated the accuracy of the tracking system.

EEE Project Report On Solar Tracking System Conclusion:

This project has attempted to provide an automated solar tracking system that will increase the efficiency of the solar system. While there are higher costs involved in, we have tried the system cost. Add various enhancements to make the system more efficient so that it works throughout the year. The solar modules are system compared to the currently used system has many advantages.

Download EEE Project Report On Solar Tracking System.