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This Computer Aided Design for a PV System And Investigation Of 3 Phase Thyristor Converter project report is the brief description of Computer Aided Design, Pv System And Investigation and Thyristor Converter used to converts energy from the sunlight into electricity.  The report explains the details of energy conversion in two parts with different aspect of energy.

A photovoltaic cell converts energy from the sunlight into electricity. The radiation from the sun is made up of tiny particles of energy called photons. As these photons impact on the cell, some of them are absorbed into the cell. The energy from the photons on impact causes electrons to be free. The movement of the free electrons is what generates electricity.

A thyristor is a switching semi conductor device that is unidirectional, that is to say it can only conduct in a single direction. It can be seen that a thyristor is basically a combination of PNP and NPN bipolar transistors.  To make the thyristor conduct a voltage is applied at the gate which turns on the NPN transistor which in turn makes the PNP to start conducting. Once both transistors are ON, they remain ON until turned OFF. Due the mode of operation and behaviour as described earlier, thyristors are used in 3 phase rectified circuits. This type of rectifier using thyristors is referred to as line commutated controlled rectifier.

Conclusion:

A  PV system can be made to track maximum power point by incorporating a PI controller into the PV system. The PI controller adjusts the PV voltage based on the maximum power point. With properly tuned values of proportional gain and integral gain, the PI controller reduces ripples and improves transient response. In a 3 phase thyristor rectifier using 6 thyristors, the thyristors are triggered it sequence resulting in the formation of 6 pulse DC voltage waveforms.

Download Computer Aided Design for a PV System And Investigation Of 3 Phase Thyristor Converter Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

The Project Report On Carriage And Wagon Workshop Dahod Carriage and Wagon Workshop Dahod is starts with detailed history of Dahod. The report explains about the purpose of selecting Dahod as carriage and wagon workshop and also given the construction details of workshop.

Originally, the workshop at Lower Parel (Bombay) was catering to the requirement of POH of locomotives, passenger carriages and freight cars of then Bombay, Baroda and Central India (BB&CI) Railway. With the increase in the train services, Lower Parel workshop was not able to cope with the arising of all the three types of rolling stock. Therefore, it was decided to shift locomotive POH activity from Lower Parel to some other place.

Dahod was selected for construction of POH workshop for steam locomotive fleet because of its pleasant weather, availability of cheap land and sincere workforce. Dahod is also ideally situated mid-way between Bombay and Delhi, the main route of BB&CI Railway broad gauge system.

The workshop has a versatile layout enabling it to tackle any type of engineering assignment. This workshop was indeed utilized for production of armament during the Second World War from October 1941 to August 1943 suspending locomotive repair activities, steam locomotive repair activities of BB&CI Railway were entrusted to GIP Railway’s workshop at Parel (Bombay) during War.

The workshop undertakes the periodic overhauling of two main types of coaches. The first category of the coach is known as the ICF design coaches. The second category of the coach is the LHB design coaches. The workshop is headed by the Chief Workshop manager. There are five departments dealing with various activities such as Mechanical, Electrical, Materials Management, Finance & Accounts, HRD, Audit and Security.

Project Report On Carriage And Wagon Workshop Dahod Conclusion:

Carriage and Wagon Workshop Dahod undertakes the periodic overhauling of passenger main line coaches of Western Railway. It also manufactures wheel sets for the workshop as well as various divisions of Western Railway and also the EMU workshop.

Download Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report On Carriage And Wagon Workshop Dahod.

Project Report On Automatic Sun Tracking System – ASTS can be used for Parabolic Trough tracker, Dishes tracker, PV (Photovoltaic generator) tracker, Heliostat, Solar Furnace and so on. Even though the theory of the controller system is similar to all the applications, there are some differences: the precision requirement for dishes tracker is stricter than PV tracker, while the Heliostat and solar furnace need the strictest precision requirement, and more difficult to apply solar sensor to make a closed-loop control system. So, when design these systems, selection of motor type, controller type and tracking mode should be different.

ASTS is a hybrid hardware/software project.

The software includes:

• VB 6.0 based GUI.

• Microsoft Access Database.

• Embedded Software (written in C) for microcontroller AT89c52.

The hardware includes:

• Solar panel assembly structure containing six functional sensors, stepper motor and solar cells.

• System Control Unit containing LCD, Keypad, Error Indicators and Emergency Stop switch.

• Complete PCB containing two microcontrollers (89c52). First one is the Master Microcontroller which controls the automatic operation of ASTS. While second one the Slave Microcontroller serially communicates (RS232) with VB software in computer.

The project report discussed about the details of Motor Selection, Solar Sensor.  Computer Based Control Unit is completely software based control, written in VB 6.0. It incorporates a GUI (figure-10) and a Database, linked with Microsoft Access. Using this software the computer serially communicates (RS232) with the ASTS. The Slave microcontroller (89c51) of the system makes this communication successful.

Project Report On Automatic Sun Tracking System Conclusion:

Although ASTS is a proto type towards a real system, but still its software and hardware can be used to drive a real and very huge solar panel. A small portable battery can drive its control circuitry. Therefore by just replacing the sensing instrument, its algorithm and control system can be used in RADAR and moveable Dish Antennas.

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This Automatic Power Factor Corrector Using Capacitive Load Bank Project Report represents a constant load power factor correction without manual capacitive bank. A PFC controller provides power factor correction and peak-current limit for any converter topology switching power supplies (buck, boost or buck-boost), without directly sense the coil current.

Automated Power Factor Corrector with a capacitive load banks is helpful in providing power factor correction without manual capacitive load bank. Previously, the power factor correction was done manually by adjusting the capacitive bank. Now this automated project helps us to reduce the staff and thus helping to take the time to the power factor to increase the efficiency of the right help.

The report discussed about some of the important issues in different chapters like:

Chapter 2:  This chapter discussed about the Embedded Systems.

Chapter 3:  In this 3rd chapter functions have been discussed in detail about Micro controllers .

Chapter 4:   This chapter discussed about Programming the Flash.

Chapter 5:  This chapter discussed about Automatic Power factor Controller.

Chapter 6:   This chapter discussed about the Component Specifications.

Chapter 7:  This chapter discussed about the Load Banks.

Chapter 8: Conclusion and future scope utilities have been mentioned in this final chapter        proceeded with required references.

Automatic Power Factor Corrector Using Capacitive Load Bank Project Report Conclusion:

By observing all aspects of the power factor it is clear that power factor is the most significant part for the utility Company as well as for the consumer. Utility company rid of from the power losses while the consumer free from low power factor penalty charges. The automotive power factor correction using capacitive load banks is very efficient as it reduces the cost by decreasing the power drawn from the supply and as it operates automatically men are not required to operate this ,so this Automated Power factor Correction using capacitive load banks must be used for the industries purpose in the future.

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This Project Report On Windmill Speedometer With Frequency Counter is primarily designed to calculate the speed of the motor; this is achieved through the use of microcontroller and photo sensor. The photo-sensor is near the engine. If the motor has a rotation of the photo-sensor senses this and generates the pulse. This pulse is transmitted to the microcontroller. Microcontroller acts as a switch. So, when a pulse from the microcontroller light barrier, increases the counter. The count is based on the LCD, which is displayed in digital form.

The idea behind most of the digital counter frequency meter and tachometer, a micro-controller is used to count the pulses coming from a sensor or other device. In the case of this rev counter is counted by the proximity sensor may be, when the reflective element about them all to be discovered, and thus provide an output pulse for each revolution of the shaft as shown in the picture. These pulses are fed to the microcontroller and counted. Main components used : 5 V DC Power Supply, ATMEL AT89S52 Microcontroller, Analog to Digital Converter ( ADC – 0808 ),LCD 16*2 Alpha Numeric, Buzzer – Frequency ( 1 to 18 khz, 5V – 12V DC ).

 Project Report On Windmill Speedometer With Frequency Counter Conclusion:

This report is to calculate the speed of the engine. Been calculated in previous days, the speed of the engine through the contact tachometer, is only limited speed can be calculated, and the accurate reading cannot be maintained and shows the calculated value in analog form, this is analogous to the display hard to understand. So in this project, we can overcome these problems mentioned above, we use this non-contact tachometer. From this we can calculate, tachometer, the motor speed to a great extent. And accurate reading is obtained; calculated value is in the form of digital, which is easy to understand. Actual reading value display digital form .It uses digital display so avoids alignment problem.

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This Project Report On Voltage Sag Report presents typical voltage sag distributions for the Finnish rural and urban networks are calculated. To propagate throughout the power system Voltage sags propagate throughout the power system and a sag sensitive customer can experience sags caused by faults at the same, higher or lower voltage levels. In this report the main interest is distribution companies and their possibilities in decreasing the impact of voltage sags. Thus only voltage sags caused by short circuit faults on MV radically operated networks and experienced by LV customers are studied. Network characteristics have influence on voltage sag distribution.

Voltage sag is a momentary decrease in the rms voltage, usually caused by a fault in the utility transmission line or distribution system within customer facility. It is a temporary voltage drop below 90% of the nominal voltage level. Voltage sags and momentary power interruptions are probably the most important power quality problems affecting industrial and large commercial customers. Voltage sags and momentary power interruptions are probably the most important PQ problem affecting industrial and large commercial customers. These events are usually associated with a fault at some location in the supplying power system.  Interruptions occur when the fault is on the circuit supplying the customer.

 Project Report On Voltage Sag Report Conclusion:

The problems of voltage – sag has to be tackled in two ways. The customer will have to improve the ride through capability of their sensitive equipment. If system power conditioning is expensive, it may be economical in the long-term to improve the actual process equipment.

The voltage sag, if implemented by utilities cab yield the following benefits to utility,1 New customers may be attracted by sag-performance.2 Existing customer satisfaction may be enhanced by quick correction of voltage sag performance. 3 Areas may be detected for system enhancement. 4 Power quality disputes can be settled. 5 Public relations will be better.6 even current protection can be evaluated as it applies to duration of voltage sag.

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This Project Report On Transformer Overload Alert will attempt to design and fabricate over current protection relay using PIC micro controller. The PIC micro controller will cause the circuit breaker to trip when the current from load current reaches the setting value in the PIC micro controller.

But this project, the ON / OFF timings of the various machines working with RTC IC microcontroller to run it. Then the decisions will be taken over with the help of the microcontroller and associated software. The microcontroller block is playing a major role in this project work. The micro controller chip used in this project work is PIC 16F877A and this is like heart of the project work. The PIC 16F877A microcontroller is a 40-pin IC. The entire project was developed in embedded systems. A system is something that keeps its existence and functions as a whole through the interaction of its parts. E.g. Body, Mankind, access control, etc. A system is a part of the world, that to choose one person or a group of people during some time interval and for a specific purpose, to consider in its entirety, consisting of interconnected components, each component of properties marked as relevant to the selected destination.

Project Report On Transformer Overload Alert Conclusion:

The transformer was monitored and controlled by using pic controller. The practical ability for overload protection of transformers exists in most numerical transformer protection relays available today. These functions should be applied, as the functions help reduce the accelerated aging of power transformers during overload conditions at very low cost and at low effort. This project can be enhanced to set the timing through PC using RF wireless communication. Because now a day most of the people doing work with PC and by suing the same PC with combination of RF communication we can do different schedule for each and every appliances and machines in day wise, week wise, month wise and year wise by utilizing the same RTC PCF 8583.

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This Project Report On Static Converter For Railway starts with by explaining the details about Electric Loco Shed. Electric Loco Shed maintains locomotive for utilization in freight and passenger train. All the miner and major inspection are carried out in the shed on a regular schedule specified by RDSO (Research Design Standard Organization).

The Static Converter provides an artificial means by which a three-phase motor can be operated from a single-phase supply thereby offering a cost-effective solution to this dilemma. In most instances, no modification to the machine is necessary.

The first Static converter was used in WCAM – 3 locomotives jointly developed by RDSO and BHEL in 1997. The Static Converter converters the DC / AC voltage into 3 phase 415 volts for running auxiliary machines. This converter was supplied by ACEC. In late 19s, SIEMENS provided 8 nos 180 KVA Static Converter in conventional Locomotive at ELS / NCR / CNB. Presently CLW manufactures only Static Converter fitted locomotive and till date, the total population of Static Converters fitted locos are more than 750.  Advantages of Static Converter

i.          Very steady output voltage with maximum regulation of ± 5%.

ii.         All the three phases’ output voltages are balanced resulting in balanced supply to the loads.

iii.        Very high system efficiency.

iv.        Soft starting of loads possible resulting in reduced system over loading.

v.         In-built fault management system with storage of faults and traces.

vi.        Various problems of auxiliary machines are reduced due to regulated and balanced supply voltage.

Project Report On Static Converter For Railway Conclusion:

Static frequency converters are today the equipment of choice for the links that exchange energy between railway power supplies and national electricity grids. Further development of the semiconductor elements, which are connected in series, plus a new type of Gate Unit, made the high rating and the good economy of the link possible.

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