Singleton Java Class:-
- In java class that allows creating only one object per JVM is called as “singleton java class”. Instead of creating multiple objects per a class on a single JVM having same data. It is recommended to create only one object for that class and use it for multiple times by taking support of singleton java class.
- Every servlet program is a single instance multiple threads component. That means when multiple request are given to a servlet program the servlet container creates only one object of our servlet program and starts multiple threads on that object requesting multiple requests.
Question: every servlet is a single instance multiple threads component. Action servlet is also servlet then what is the need of giving Action Servlet class as singleton java class?
- Some servers violates above said servlet specification principle by creating multiple objects for single servlet class when that servlet gets huge number of request parallel or concurrently. (300+)
- When struts application is deployed in this kind of servers to see only one object for Action Servlet the creators of struts s/w have made Action Servlet as singleton java class even though Action Servlet gets huge number of requests simultaneously or concurrently.
Note: – Our normal servlet classes are not singleton java classes but ActionServlet is explicitly design singleton java class based Servlet program.
- Every Servlet program of web application will be identified through its url-pattern there are three ways to provide url-pattern to a servlet program.
- Exact match
- Directory match
- Extension match
Exact match:-
This url-pattern must begin with “/” symbol and should not contain “*” character. Multiple words or multiple letters can be there separated with “/” symbol.
1) <url-pattern> / abc</url pattern>
2) <url-pattern>/ abc/xyz</url-pattern>
3) <url-pattern>/abc.do</url-pattern>
- Examples request urls from browser window to given request to a servlet
Program whose url pattern is /abc.
http:// localhost: 2020/Test App/abc is valid.
/Test App/xyz/abc is invalid.
/Test App/xyz is invalid.
/Test App/abc.do is invalid.
Directory match:-
Example: – <url-pattern>/x/y/*</url-pattern>
- This url-pattern must begin ’/’ symbol and must end with ‘*’ symbol.
Example: – Request urls from browser window to give request to a servlet program whose url pattern is “/x/y/*”.
http://localhost:2020/Test App/x/y/abc is valid
/Test App/x/y/123/* is valid
/Test App/y/x/x/y/abc is invalid
/Test App/x/y is valid
/Test App/x is invalid
/Test App/y/x is invalid
Other example directory match url-pattern:-
1) <url-pattern> /xyz/abc/*</url-pattern>
2) <url-pattern> /xyz/*</url-pattern>
3) <url-pattern> /x/y/abc/*</url-pattern>
Extension match: – this <url-pattern> must begin with “*” symbol and must end with extension word or letter.
Example: – <url-pattern> *.do</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>*.123</url-pattern>
Example request urls from browser window to give request to servlet program url pattern is “*.do”
http://localhost:2020/TestApp/abc.do is valid
/TestApp/a/b/xyz.do is valid
/TestApp/x/a/abc.do is valid
/TestApp/.do is valid
/TestApp/abc.xyz is invalid
/TestApp/abc.do/xyz.c is invalid
Other examples of extension match url-patterns:
Example: –
1) <url-pattern> *.c</url-pattern>
2) <url-pattern> *.cpp</url-pattern>
3) <url-pattern> *.xyz</url-pattern>
Note: – you cannot frame <u-p> to a servlet by mixing up multiple styles.
Example: – <u-p> /x/ y/*.do </u-p>
The url-pattern formation itself invalid in web.xml file.bc3 the above url-pattern is not according to above specified styles.