Category: Embedded System Abstracts

Electronics and electrical final year students can select best topic form embedded system abstracts listed below. Embedded system projects listed here are for free download. Students can select topic for mini and major projects on embedded systems.

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Optical Character Recognition Project Report

Introduction to Optical Character Recognition Project:

The project is about Optical Character Recognition. It is a process of classifying optical patterns with respect to alphanumeric or other characters. Optical character recognition process includes segmentation, feature extraction and classification. 

Text capture converts Analog text based resources to digital text resources. And then these converted resources can be used in several ways like searchable text in indexes so as to identify documents or images. 

As the first stage of text capture a scanned image of a page is taken. And this scanned copy will form basis for all other stages. The very next stage involves implementation of technology Optical Character Recognition for converting text content into machine understandable or readable format. 

OCR analysis takes the input as digital image which is printed or hand written and converts it to machine readable digital text format. Then OCR processes the digital image into small components for analysis of finding text or word or character blocks. And again the character blocks are further broken into components and are compared with dictionary of characters. 

Matlab is an environment where problems and solutions can be denoted in terms of mathematical notations. A use of Matlab includes analysis, algorithm development, computation and much more. Matlab is a system where elements are placed in an array but are not required any dimensionless. It helps us to solve our problem in no time and provides an easy solution. 

The OCR text is written into a pure text file that is then imported again to a search engine. The text is used as index searching of the information. Accuracy rates are measured in several ways and the ways they are measured impact the accuracy rate.

Download  Optical Character Recognition Project Report.

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ECE Project Report on Speed Generator

Introduction to Speed Generator Project:

The demand of electricity is increasing enormously in these days. In order meet this requirement there is immediate action to be taken in order to produce electrical power as many ways as possible. Hence speed breaker generator comes with the intention to provide the electricity involving the simplest methods of operations and easy mechanism of converting mechanical energy to electrical energy by means of speed bumps or speed breakers.

The potential energy is taken from the object passing on the speed breaker the interior of the speed breaker is placed with an alternator, providing the mechanical stress exerted by the object as an input potential energy and the output generated power is stored in the batteries and then it utilized for the further applications including industrial and primary consumer needs at a cheapest cost.

The amount of power generation depends upon the steam of vehicles passing over the breaker, a steady and constant flow of objects over breaker can generate power within a margin of 1000-3600watts of power. Here in this paper we provide the basic concepts of power generation using speed breakers .this process gives us the most economical means of power generation with easy maintenance with utmost reliability.

The three main mechanisms are Crank-shaft mechanism, Roller mechanism, Rack- Pinion mechanism. These three mechanisms works under basic principle that” converting mechanical energy (the potential energy taken from the vehicles) into electrical output energy. In this particular paper we discuss about the various kinds of materials used, different kinds of tools and their assembly, the advantages and what are the modifications are to make in order produce higher quantity of electricity and reliable electricity using advanced technology.

Future scope:

In order to achieve higher outputs with high power efficiency the speed breaker should be designed for the heavy vehicles with an intention to provide high mechanical torque to the shaft of the generator.

Download  ECE Project Report on Speed Generator.

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Laser Guided Appliance Control System ECE Project Report

Introduction to Laser Guided Appliance Control System Project:

In this electronic Era, by using these new technologies we can control and coordinate any system by means of passing signals recent days there is vast development in laser technology in control systems. The laser guided beam can control the devices very significantly having application in security alarms, traffic controllers, automatic response systems, and in controlling the electrical equipment

This paper deals how to control the devices by using laser guide pointer which is also called as laser diode, whenever there is any interruption in the transmitted signal the light detector will detects this interruption and passes signal to the electromagnetic relay and will operated. Here laser beam from laser diode acts as controlling signal this controlling signal regulates the detector within a specified range. This detector is of high sensitivity. The entire project concerns upon areas like automatic opening systems and security alarms and traffic control applications.

In our project Laser Guided Appliance Control the system comprises of laser, sensor, control circuit, alarm. The operation principle and block diagram is explained clearly in this paper. The major aim of introducing this concept is to provide the awareness to the world that how we can make use of lasers to achieve better quality in security at a very low cost, low power consumption and having multiple applications in future there is chance of developing this project in the areas of the wireless sensor network by increasing bandwidth.

The major components used in this circuit are listed below,

Laser diode DL 3147 – 60 it is used as source of laser beam.

Photo Transistors L14F1 TI the main purpose is signal detecting.

IC’S CD 4001, CD 4538, LM 7805.

Diodes, led’s, peizo buzzer, relay, DC/AC motor, preset, capacitors. The circuit assembly, along with the component description, operation and experiment results are validated.

Download  Laser Guided Appliance Control System ECE Project Report.

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ECE Mini Project Report on Laser Based Communication System

Introduction to Mini Project on Laser Based Communication System:

Recent days the communication systems are changing rapidly due to this enormous development a new revolutionary concept Laser Communication System had arrived which was gaining the human attention towards it. The basic principle of operation is amplitude modulation phenomenon. In this process the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in accordance with the amplitude of the modulated signal. The carrier signal is nothing but the signal on which we work here it is laser beam, the modulated signal i.e. the signal which is to be modulated or the signal whose parameters are going to change, is taken as the input audio signal, and mainly the term amplitude indicates the intensity of the laser beam which we use.

Laser based communication system is an invisible connections through the air and their working resembles the fiber optics links around the atmosphere. Using this new technology we can easily transmit the signals to the surroundings as quick as possible and transmit the data within a range of 500 meters without interference as here the laser torch can transmit light up to any distance based upon amplitude of the input signal.

In this paper we proposed a simple laser based communication system having two major sections transmitter and receiver, the transmitter is coupled with the laser beam of specific intensity with the help of an common collector mode transistor, the transistor used here is LM386 audio power amplifier which acts as impedance matching device acts proportional with the intensity of the modulated signal.

Now coming to the receiver end sensors are present to sense the varying amplitude of the light beam by using photo transistors and light dependent resistors adjacent with the loud speaker the transistor used here is Silicon photo transistor. The various applications are we can communicate without cost excluding equipment cost. Finally the entire circuit and its operation are checked and the results were improved.

Download  ECE Mini Project Report on Laser Based Communication System.

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Adaptive Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Circuit Seminar Report

Introduction to Adaptive Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Circuit Seminar Topic:

The main problem we all face currently in the world is the over consumption of our energy resources, if we go at this rate then our future generation will have lack of supply of energy resources. Harvesting energy is a new innovative technology and this topic deals with such harvesting of electrical energy through a piezoelectric element which is excited mechanically.

The element acts similar to source which provides electrical power with only difference being that it is driven by a mechanical force and the source impedance is capacitive in nature. The mechanical force itself will be of fluctuating amplitude. An adaptive control algorithm is used in a DC-DC converter which will help it to harvest the electrical energy almost four times higher than one without it, also the rate of harvesting increases with the increase in levels of excitation. 

Any vibrating structure can become the platform of usage of this technology and main reason of having this energy circuit is the controller flexibility. The only addition to this vibrating structure would be the piezoelectric element which helps in increasing the harvesting process many fan fold. No other factors and positions such as placement of device, vibration levels etc. would affect the harvesting performance or the controller operation. 

Main components in this harvesting system: 

  • AC-DC rectifier
  • Output capacitor
  • Electrochemical battery
  • DC-DC converter (switch mode) 

Optimized designs can be developed based on the control algorithm and the proposed excitation levels or load which forms its power. The main part of this technology is the proposal of the energy harvest where we can achieve the power flow gets optimized. Standalone circuit control will be used for future designing work. The power stored in the battery is maximized with the help of implementing optimal power transfer theory. Overall this technology is definitely going to revolutionize the energy harvesting process. 

Download  Adaptive Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Circuit Seminar Report .

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GSM Data Communication System Microcontroller Project

Introduction to GSM Data Communication System Micro controller Project:

The effects of mobile phones in all our lives are so immense that we get uncomfortable if we part with it even for a minute. A lot of technology goes into the working of a mobile phone. In India, we use mainly two types of mobile technology: GSM and CDMA.  Global system for mobile communications is a standard technology used in mobile communication; from the first generation of mobile networks the technology has come a very long way. 

This technical paper describes the design and development of a data communication system using GSM.  The reach of wireless technology is mostly used in GSM and as a result it has been able to hold its grip over many countries all over the world. GSM can be termed as a cellular network with its main function being packet data transfer through mainly voice service and is operating between 900MHz and 1.8GHz frequency in India. GSM supports text and small size multimedia file sending better known as SMS and MMS to all of us. The main part of a GSM network is the sim card in the mobiles which contain all the necessary information required for data transmission.

GSM Network cell architecture types:

  • Macro
  • Micro
  • Pico
  • Femto
  • Umbrella Cells

The proposed system architecture includes:

  • Microcontroller AT89S52
  • Power supply
  • Temperature Sensor
  • LDR
  • ADC
  • LCD
  • GSM Modem

The other tools include software like I2C protocol, drivers for LCD display and hardware such as micro controller interfacing circuits for sensors. The intensity of temperature and light are measured using sensor for temperature and LDR respectively and is fed as input as analogue data. The data that gets converted to digital from analog mode with the help of ADC is also fed as input. The data gets displayed on the LCD screen after passing through the micro controller. 

Download  GSM Data Communication System Micro controller Project  .

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ECE Project Report on Security System Using RFID

Introduction to Security System Using RFID:

   In general for each and every organization, industry, home and a person need security. It is most important common need. Security is mainly used in organizations. For this purpose, in olden days security guard was used next token numbers and next passwords. Now a day tags with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology has been using. But it is not more secure because one of the person tags is used by other one without his/her permission. It is more danger. To avoid these types of danger situations we should provide a new technology, which is “BIOMETRIC SYSTEM” with existed RFID system.

                                    The main objective of our project is providing a security to individuals having only one identification. For this purpose biometric system is used. We have to use hardware equipments are RFID Reader, RFID Tag, Camera, GSM, Zig bee, Microcontroller, power supply, RS-232, antenna, PC and mobile.

RFID tag system has taken more time to identification, not secure, cost effective and need a person. But our proposed system is not require a person and don’t have these disadvantages. It has multiple advantages so it is also called as multi-level security system. It is used for each and every room, which are in the organization.

                                    Fingerprint (thumb) biometric system is used in this proposed system because each person has different fingerprints so individual identification is provided. All these equipments are under the control of microcontroller. For every entry and exit SMS will send to the management. Zigbee is a wireless mesh communication within the organization. It has a range of 10m and operated at 2.4GHZ. Transmitter module keeps at rooms and receiver module keeps at management room. So security is more no chance to done mistakes. Finally conclude that it is the best technology for security purpose. It is easy to maintain user has a bright future and low cost more reliable. It is also used for vehicle security.  

Download  ECE Project Report on Security System Using RFID .

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Power Generation from Speed Breakers Using Air Compression Method Project Report

Introduction to Power Generation from Speed Breakers Using Air Compression Method Project:

 In our world every organization, industry, scientific labs, etc have been depending on electricity. Not only these sectors but also humans need electricity, which is equal to our minimum needs. Can we live without electricity now a day? Can we imagine our world without electricity? It is the most important need to us. So we have to increase the electricity. But it is generating very less quantity because population is more, so required more electricity. So we should generate more electricity. For power generation, there are so many methods, which are by using water, coal, sunrises, iron, etc. one of the source is by using speed breakers using air compression method we can generate the power. This is the aim of our project.  

                These speed breakers are made by helical springs of vibrating type at the base position. This spring height should be 0.3m only. When a vehicle loads and cross the speed breaker, immediately both are in depressed state and come back to their original position. These are having a specific dimensions compared to national high-ways. Length, width and height are 4m, 0.4, 0.2m respectively. These are rigid type with made of steel or tar.

When a vehicle loads the speed breaker then compresses the air in it. This air is used to impeller, so it is resource for the alternator. For e.g. Base is trapezoidal shape, so it has max and mini loads on the speed breaker. If it may be uniformly distribution load then it depends on product of factor of safety and whole weight.

                In impeller existing energies are, in inlet is kinetic energy and in outlet is atmospheric. This alternator is a electric generator machine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is based on principle of dynamically induced e.m.f. it has both stator and rotor and not having brushes, commutator and slip rings. Finally mechanical energy is generated from the speed breakers, which is resource to the alternator and generates the 10kw electricity from speed breakers.

Download  Power Generation from Speed Breakers Using Air Compression Method Project Report.

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Aeronautical Crash Prevention System through RF Communication Project Report

Introduction to Aeronautical Crash Prevention System through RF Communication Project:

Generally if any two vehicles collide on the road, that situation is there then we can avoid that collision because it is in our hand. Then what about flights collision in an air. They don’t what happens in the atmosphere, so chances to flights collision. To avoid this problem in aeronautical sectors we can prevent aeronautical crashes by using RF communication with embedded systems.

Embedded system is used for a specific task with low power supply. It is a combination of both software and hardware. It is mainly used for industrial, aeronautical, automobile, home applications. Now a day wireless communication plays important role in technology, by using this communication we can switch off the lights and entertainment systems to industrial controls through remote monitoring (wireless).

                                    The main aim this project is preventing the aeronautical crashes. Hardware requirements are RF Transmitter (STT-433MHz)/Receiver (STR-433MHz), Microcontroller (AT89C52), Encoder-318, Decoder-318, LCD (16×2 and 20×2), Electromagnetic relays, ULN2803, Buzzer and power supply. Transmitter contains encoder, which takes parallel data from microcontroller as input and gives serial output. Whereas receiver takes serial input and gives parallel output to the microcontroller. Compare to microprocessor microcontroller has three level programmable clocks and low power consumption. This data is processed in receiver and drives the motors in opposite direction. All the status will be displayed in LCD. This unit is placed in flight.

                                   Every aero plane contains both transmitter and receiver; this mechanism will depend on ip address. Transmitter sends the ip address of aero plane to receiver of other. Receiver receives ip address of other aero plane. If any information is there transmitter sends, then the receiver buzzer will glow and produce sound. So there is a chance to crashing aero planes. Then we have to divert the both aero planes to its initial position. So no chance to crash. 

 Download  Aeronautical Crash Prevention System through RF Communication Project Report .

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Adaptive Camouflage Project Report

Introduction to Adaptive Camouflage Project:

The project is “Adaptive Camouflage”. It is a group of camouflage technologies. It allows the object to blend into surroundings by the use of their appearance, color, altering, prevents shadows, luminance, and reflective properties. In these technologies one of the best is active camouflage, which is taken from animals because of their capacity to provide exact concealment from visual detection.

The detection produced by the human eye and optical sensor is avoided by this technology. Active camouflage provides perfect concealment in two different ways. First one is, it makes the camouflaged objects not similar to its surroundings but by the mimicry makes effectively invisible. Second one is when the changes occur in the background then active camouflage changes the appearance of the object.

Adaptive camouflage shows the perfect object and its surroundings for this purpose, it should follow three methods. 1st method is Light Surface Reflectivity, in which a retro-reflective material is used for getting brightness reflection with the help of perfect smooth surface like mirror because incident rays and reflected rays came from same angle with mirror surface. 2nd method is TV & Camera method (it has two technologies. They are CCD& CMOS), in which for capturing the image active-pixel sensor is required. The advantages of both CCD and CMOS involved in a single active-pixel sensor.

And third one is Meta materials method, in which Metamaterial will collect rays from all directions and emits in a single direction. Radio antennas will do same and include wavelengths. Applications of the adaptive camouflage are military, security of valuables, precious jewelry, documents, Doctors performing surgery to see through their hands and get a clear view of biological tissues, aircraft landing, to see outside world for windowless buildings and automobiles, it will provide view section. By using this we can know the surroundings of the target.