Category: Electronics Seminar Topics

Introduction to Technical Seminar Topic on Adaptive Active Phased Array Multi function Radars:

Radars have been used for decades now and its main functional area is to track, detect and analyze a particular object in motion or in rest. Radar works on a conventional radio wave principle and will have a transmitter, dish or antenna and a receiver as hardware components. Radar is mainly used for army purposes and is rarely used for civilian objectives.

Each radars are designed to suit a specific need or target. Nowadays radars are used in many areas by army and scientists such as defense missile systems, marine radars, aircraft collision aversion systems, locating landmarks, surveillance of the ocean and outer space, weather information systems etc.

Radar works using a simple method and procedure, radio waves or known as radar waves are transmitted by the transmitter which reflects back from the target device and is captured by an antenna or dish and the result data is analyzed. Most of the radar are single functional as the position of the transmitter and the receiver would be statically positioned. These types of single function radars include surveillance radar and tracking radar. Various techniques are used  to achieve the shape of the beam and this type of radars are called multi function radars; the only disadvantage is that it doesn’t have that much flexibility to offer.

Adaptive active phased array multi function radars (AAPAR) contain mounted receivers and transmitters on its face and formation of beams are controlled using various techniques. These radars are designed keeping in mind the target size and distance and also the environmental factors. The main difference of AAPAR from a conventional phase array one is active arrays which reduces the loss of RF signal to a certain extent. The main roles of AAPAR includes various types of surveillance like volume, target etc. The trajectory and impact calculation is also done using this type of radars. 

Download  Technical Seminar Topic for ECE on Adaptive Active Phased Array Multi function Radars  .

Introduction to Seminar Topic  on Adaptive Active Phased Array Multifunction Radars:

We have been seeing images of radars on TV and magazines, so what does radar really do. Radars can be named as a device which captures the object and detect its location, speed, height, range and where it is headed using radio waves. Radars are mainly used by army to detect enemy aircraft’s  missiles or ships infiltrating inside their territory. Radars can also be used to detect weather conditions and texture of a terrain. The working of radar is pretty simple, it will transmit radio waves into the air and this will rebound from the object it is targeted and the dish and the receiver on the radar will capture the data and process it to useful information. 

Radars are designed and commissioned for specific targets and in some we can input the desired target and set it manually. As the functionality changes the design and the setup of the radar also changes, some may have permanent antennas and transmitters which construct a pattern of array beams.

These beams will depend on the shape of these radars, but all these radars will perform a single function. Another type of radars are the multi-function radars, in this a user can obtain more functions from single radar. This is achieved by the usage of scanner frequently and shifting phase or element switching. One disadvantage of such radars is it is not flexible enough to adapt changes. 

Adaptive active phased array radar or in short AAPAR is a type of multi functional radar where the controlling of beam formation and managing the radar happens with the help of mounted transmitter and receiver. These changes are done keeping in mind the target size, environmental conditions etc.

The features include formation of digital beam, tracking, scheduling the tasks, selection of frequency, generation and selection of wave form and managing the beam. The roles of such radar include detection, tracking, identification and confirmation of targets, calculation of impact points, traces the trajectory, assessment killing etc.

Download  ECE Seminar Report on Adaptive Active Phased Array Multi function Radars.

Introduction to Robotic Systems in Surgery ECE Seminar Topic:

Over the years medical field has been subjected to many changes with new technologies coming up every day. Doctors have to be not only medically advanced, they should also be well equipped with all the modern machinery used for surgery and other medical practices. With the advance in robotic technology doctors are trying it inside the operation theater.

 The biggest pro of this technology is that it would do work more precisely than a human would do and moreover it would not do full operation by itself, the function of such robots is to assist the main doctors during the operation procedures. If the current process of its usage is successful, need for nursing assistants inside the operation theater would be minimal to none in the future. The sheer precise that these machines operate is outstanding, from fitting a pacemaker for the heart, kidney transplant, removing cancerous tumors, these devices can assist in any type of medical emergency.

Da Vinci, ZEUS and AESOP are examples of these types of surgical robots currently being under use across hospitals around the world, such system would have facilities like 3-D display, video console, robotic arms, instrument sterilization, scaling and re positioning, voice and touch screen navigation etc. 

All of the three surgical systems are tele surgical, i.e. doctor can monitor the working of the machine through a small screen and there would be remote controls and other operation mechanisms to control it. These robots must be subjected to constant checking and certifying as a person’s life is depending on the whole system.

Normally there would be a system to overcome changes and such system can adapt to any adverse situations that arise during the surgical procedure, such systems are called supervisory controlled robotic surgery systems. The main departments that use this system while doing surgery are: cardiology, gynecology, gastro, neurology, orthopedic, pediatrics, radiology, urology etc. 

Download  Robotic Systems in Surgery ECE Seminar Report  .

Introduction to A Simulator For Depicting And Comparing Adaptive Algorithms In Signal Processing Seminar Topic:

We live in an extremely speedy and swift world, it is pretty tough to come up with a judgment on various decision making process in a simple way. The comparison of algorithms output is very difficult to view and process and this proposed system would enable the user to see the best output coming out of an algorithm.

During noise suppression, there are a lot of digital filters involved in and the noise coming out of a signal or the characteristic of a signal cannot be found out or hypothesized making it very hard to design such filters. To find a solution to these prediction problems, adaptive filters are designed by adaptive algorithm and include coefficient filters in it.

Types of adaptive algorithms:

• Least mean square
• Normalized least mean square
• Recursive least square
• Signed least mean square
• Signed normalized least mean square

There would be a user interface associated with these filters and the application is developed under MATLAB platform. A voice signal which is corrupted and working under real time is used to depict the results of comparison of algorithm performance. The advantage and disadvantage of each and every algorithm is recorded and analyzed carefully using these filters. The use of adaptive filters is to cancel the noises and this is done with the help of noise cancelers.

Another major application is for adaptive line enhancement which enhances the signal which is harmonic and the whole wide band noise would be suppressed. The modeling of plant process and the replacement of it are done using system identification process.  To increase the performance of a system, it is absolutely necessary to know which algorithm would provide the best result. A simulator will observe the positives and negatives of each algorithm. The better among the algorithms are chosen by the user enhancing the system’s overall efficiency.

Download  A Simulator For Depicting And Comparing Adaptive Algorithms In Signal Processing Seminar Report  .

This is the new technology of collecting the heat from Sun then converts them into the wind and then create the electric power or energy from them. This heat is captured and then passed from the series of pipes that created the wind. This wind is then passed from the turbines; they rotate the turbines to create the electric energy. We require a large setup for doing all these process. We require solar collector, air channels and wind turbines.

Solar collector:  we need a large area where we can place the hear absorber like black ceramic gravels. These gravels are spread over the area. They have the capability to absorb the heat of the sun. This makes the gravels heat and the air above the gravel also get warm, this warm creates the wind. That can be passed through turbines. As hot air is lighter than the cold air so it rises above the ground and it will move the place of cold air. This will replace the cool air and they will get warm. We have to place a chimney above the gravels so that the hot air created move in the chimney. It will cause the pressure difference in the air hot air.

Air channels: now they are passes in the system of pipes of various diameters. This pipe creates wind of hot air.  We can control the speed of the wind in the channels.

Wind turbines: this wind is passed from the turbines which rotate and create the electric energy. Wind turbines are connected to many pipes.

This technique better works in summer as compared to winter. In summer days are long and they much hotter than winter. It means more heat more energy. It also depends on the place where we place this setup. It will work much better on the hills as there we will find sun anytime.

Download  Solar and Wind Power and Wireless CCTV System Seminar Report .

Introduction to Seminar Topic on Optical Computing Technology:

It is the advanced technology that uses light in place of current. It means that light is used to perform the operation on the computer instead of current. This technology will work better then electric current because light can travel faster than electric current this is turn will produce the result faster and better. For light transmission it might use infrared or photon to perform the operations. This technology was introduced in 1980s but it is not implemented till yet. It is under construction and various researches are going on this work. To implement this technology we need various input and output devices like processors, optical memory, electronics gates and switched and transistors.

Optical computer uses photons for operations, photons are nothing just the electromagnetic energy or we can say that unit of electricity. The transistor used in the computer can be of various types like Laser, Plasmon. Laser transistors are those which uses electrode that control the current in the devices. Plasmon transistorsare light based.

Memories used in the optical computers are holographic memory. It also said that it is 3-D memory. It removes the limitations of magnetic and optical memories have. It has better capacity than them. It has the capability to read millions of bits and read at the same time.

Advantages;they don’t have the problem of interference. Problems like electric short circuit is no more. Rate of transmission loss is very less. It provides large bandwidth so speed will be better than normal computer. They will very easy to use than normal computer.

Disadvantages: still such types of computers are not developed. They are not easy to fabricate such computers. The devices used in these computers are not affordable. New and advanced software are needed to be developed for them.

Download  Seminar Report on Optical Computing Technology .

Introduction to Seminar Topic on Zigbee:

It is also the form of wireless network developed to overcome the limitation of the Wi-Fi and the Bluetooth. It is a digital connection used to connect computers and the other related devices. They are very low cost and they have better power management means reliability and efficiency of the network increases. They are specially designed for sensors and for controlling wireless networks. They can be constructed anywhere at home or office. They even have capability to interact with wires to control lights, fans and doors etc.

They generally focus on the network of IEEE 802.15.4. They have only nodes for that TX/Rx or sleep. They work 2.4GHz with dual modes of 868MHz. they have sixteen channels from 11-26. They use very less power so their battery works for months or sometimes a year.  They have maximum speed of 250 kbps.

In general we have three types of devices like Zigbee PAN is used to store the information;full function is used to handle the topologies used and reduced function is used for contacting network administrator for any problem or request. They work network topologies like mesh network, cluster network and star network. They are assembled in the form of layers like Physical layers, Media access layer.

Security: as they work on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC which is specially designed for security. They maintain the records of secure devices or trusted devices which will log in the network. They also use the technique of data encryption so that it cannot be changed by someone during transmission.

Zigbee are mostly used in the embedded application that has low rates of data and less power consumer. They are used in the applications like transportation systems, home automation, militaries, climate control etc.

Download  Seminar Topic on Zigbee .