Category: ECE and EEE Project Abstracts

This category consists of latest abstracts which can be used for institutions for developing new projects for electrical and electronic final year students. Electronics students can download mini and major projects with abstracts and project reports.

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UAV attitude estimation using wide-angle vision sensor

Title: UAV attitude estimation using wide-angle vision sensor

Attitude estimation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) using wide-angle vision sensor has a crucial role in the survivability of UAV whose operation is performed in some uncertain, possibly unfriendly, areas. In this project, an optimal attitude estimation algorithm will be developed and tested using a wide-angle video camera mounted on a quad-rotor UAV. This project includes software algorithm development and hardware in-the-loop simulation 

Literature review 

An unmanned aerial vehicle is an aircraft that was driven by a pilot or a navigator and without the actual involvement of humans on the board of the aircraft. UAV can be automatically monitored without the human involvement and are operated by the remote operations. In general UAV has a wide range of application in the area of military and almost similar to the missiles, except that they do not carry any human operator and aerodynamic forces are used across for lifting the vehicle and in general these UAV’s are expandable and recoverable automatically. Recently the usage of UAV has widely spread in the area of military and civilization, as they can be remote controlled and operated with respect to the high or low altitude. In general UAV’s can be controlled and operated with the help of GPS and other internal navigational systems and thus UAV’s can handle high risk aerial, where the actual process required human operations. Intelligence gathering can be considered as the main functionality of UAV’s. As the aerial view can gather large set of information and even the coverage is very high when compared to the load level coverage, UAV’s has found wide range of application in the area of military and civilian areas.

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CAN IP Core – Digital Design and Realisation

Abstract

In today’s world, the communication in a system is computerised in order to reduce the Manufacturing cost and for more reliability. The CAN protocol is the standard for high speed, mission critical, real time control networks in many networks. The CAN protocol is reliable, cheap and last a long time. This project explains the way of designing a CAN module, using the top-down methodology for creation of synthesisable HDL (VHDL) description of the protocol functionality. The project design is simulated and synthesized to get a gate-level net list.

CAN characteristics 

  • Multiple masters
  • Priority –based transmissions: on message ID by node hardware
  • All messages are received by all nodes; ID is the priority
  • Message filtering: nodes filter messages using Ids before use
  • 11-or 29 bit message ID
  • Fixes message forms: variable length, to 8 bytes of data
  • Built in error detection and recovery
  • Guaranteed latency for high priority messages
  • High reliability: CRC, message frame check, transmission monitoring
  • Bit transmissions to 1Mbps
  • Accommodates 100m between nodes (40m at 1Mbps) (M360 CANbus M-module)

Block Diagram of CAN IP Core

 Block Diagram of CAN IP Core

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Using modelling techniques to compare digital modulation systems

MSc Project Objectives Form

Programme of Study: M Sc Telecommunications Engineering

Project Title: Using modelling techniques to compare digital modulation systems

Project Objectives:

List measurable outcomes that you expect to achieve

1. Proficiency with MATLAB to carry out modelling of modulation, demodulation and transmission effects

2. Modelling FSK over a variety of system parameters

3. Modelling transmission impairments such as noise, multi-path effects, fading effects

4. Investigation of effects on synchronisation, eye-height and similar effects

5. Extending the analysis to more complex systems such as OFDM

6. Evaluation of MATLAB as a modelling tool

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ECE Seminar Topic on Network Security Using Cryptography

Introduction to Network Security Using Cryptography  Seminar topic:

Kerberos is known for network authentication system or authorization system that can be implementing between any networks which may be even unauthenticated. Kerberos works on the principle of Key distribution model produced by theNeedhamand Schroeder. The communication over the networks needs to be proving identity by any user to avoid the replay attacks. It has been using the Cryptography systems like DES for maintaining Data stream integrity and Secrecy. Data stream integrity is to identify the modifications and Secrecy is to avoid the unauthorized accessing. 

The process involves the changing of the plain text into Cipher text which is called Encryption. Whereas the opposite is called Decryption. Cryptography is followed with four principles:

  1. Confidentiality is to maintain the information hiding to un-authorized accessing.
  2. Integrity is the key that aims to unchanged information during storage or transit between the users.
  3. Non-repudiation is to clear the intentions of the developer or sender of the information that cannot be neglected.
  4. Authentication of the sender and the receiver to prove one another identity to access information. 

The above mentioned procedures and protocols are known as Cryptography. 

Kerberos has mainly users and services as principals along with tickets which is used to prove one another and secret or private Cryptographic key for safe communication to other principal. The ticket is a chain of some hundred bytes that are embedded in other end network protocol which allows applying the protocol to make confirm the identity of the principals. 

Kerberos is an idea for mutual authentication and safe communication within the principals in the open network with the help of providing the secret keys to other principal to navigate via network. Kerberos are not involved in password validation so care has to be taken for the individual network to access.

Download  ECE Seminar Topic on Network Security Using Cryptography .

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Microcontroller Project on Wireless Technology Based Consumer Application Display System

Introduction to Microcontroller Project on Wireless Technology Based Consumer Application Display System:

Our Project is aimed to come out with an idea of “Data Receiving” with no loss, by implementing of current Wireless technology. The wireless technology we are relied on is ZIGBEE Sensor Network which is explored for accurate and real data receiving. 

The Current System   

The current technology of advertising display system is based on opto-electronic devices, in which the motion digital video is projected on to the screen from a somehow closed or fully covered conveyance or transportation.

The theory of this project here is to eliminate reasons in improper display of the motion video at transportation area. The modular features of invention for easy seeing and nearer of a force display system in the transit area consists of parallel wire mechanism and high speed motion makes the view high standard. 

We have come up with the topic of how to regulate issue of the force display system run by parallel wire mechanism. We have done enough research on developing the quality or performance of display systems by proposing Control laws. The systems performance experimentally  be proved in terms of  quantity, stated that Proposed control laws supports the more acceleration and less reaction force compare to any force display systems. 

The current system is normally based on an Electronic display system, more commonly to the Database Driven Electronic Display System. The Multilanguage Self- Contained Unmanaged Database- Driven Real Time Digital Advertising Display System has dramatically changed the advertising style of Products of the Retail sector with an idea of aiming audiences directly through Display systems in transit areas. This creates to promote the products easily and in a very efficient manner with in limit finance and time. 

The Retail Sector had been using the corporate databases such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL for their promotion of products in the Stores and outside by hoardings. The Multilanguage Self- Contained Unmanaged Database- Driven Real Time Digital Advertising Display System uses high speed internet for their communications and advertisements with upgraded information of the product displayed online. 

Proposed System 

Our innovation is based on the “Wireless Technology based consumer application display system” to reduce the difficulties of Consumer application display and complicated system. Our project is consisting of three units. First is Application User Unit, second is User Display Device 1 and third is User Display Device 2. 

The Application User Unit is containing ZIGBEE, a Receiver or Transmitter, and PC a server. 

The User Display device 1 and User Display device 2 are the modules that work like a receiver units with user friendly ZIGBEE modules consisting of Microcontrollers that collects data from modem and passes it on LCD display. 

Software specifications include Keil version 3 and Flash magic. Hardware specifications include ZIGBEE module, microcontroller, LCD display, and keyboard.

  Download  Microcontroller Project on Wireless Technology Based Consumer Application Display System.

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Micro Controller Based IVRS Based Result Announcement Project Report

Introduction to IVRS Based Result Announcement Project:

Process Control comes under Statistical and Engineering field which is tackling architectures, mechanisms and algorithms to regulate the result of particular process. Industrial Processes is dependent on chemical and mechanical procedures used to be a part of manufacturing of any products on huge scale. Industrial Processes in the heavy industries needs controlling system to observe any industrial processes that is going to be completed with in a time, great accuracy and precision. 

Industrial revolution started with human effort with minimum requirements of machines which soon became needed to produce more products as demanded. The mechanization came into industries with minimum human effort to produce and machine was doing a work of human where as human was operating machines. The industrial automation now has much reduced the work of man by automatically controlling the machines and its processes. Automation provides an industry to produce huge scale of products with great accuracy and less effort. 

The commodity became now cheaper and widely available because of automation. The wastage of Raw material has been reduced and hazardous materials as by products can be measured. 

The productivity of an industry can be increased by combining machines with electronics with regulating high speed, accurate movements, analog measurements and user friendly machines operation display or interface. The wireless technology does this by operating things efficiently. 

The Proposed project is based on the Microcontrollers that operate process control systems. The microcontroller operates the industrial parameters. Apart from Microcontroller the other things are DTMF, Mobile phone, Voice processing unit and lastly power supply. The Software used for the project are Keil Software for C Programming, Express PCB for layout design, Express SCH for schematic design.

The application software is developed in µVision 3. 

The project is highly designed and passed the quality testing. The IVRS makes human effort to remotely operate industries by automated systems.

  Download  Micro Controller Based IVRS Based Result Announcement Project Report.

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Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition SCADA System Project Abstract

Introduction to Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition SCADA System Project:

When it comes to speak about technology, you will see the impact of technology in every field .There was a time where there was no machines, slowly this machines were part of our life, then there was a need to manage this machines .To manage this machines we man were required .Slowly man felt the load in their mindset to manage these task, a system was to be created.A need to create system that can control the machine own its own was needed. 

Now the next big question was how can a machine be controlled automatically this was the question in mind of normal people .One of the best solution was to use the computer, as computer can automatically perform the task was instructed on how to perform task. 

Its simple rule applied to computer was like “Tell me once and see my work “. Thus a industrial control system was developed.The name during the development given was Scada.

SCADA stands for supervisory control and data acquisition.Now since we have such a system we can try to implement in any field.

Eg .During construction of building, space station, airport

One of the major task of SCADA was energy consumption .Even if we speak that SCADA is automated it requires some form of human interference like operating the computer, what task to perform, when and what time. 

Some special components such as Sensors, relays, desktop, analog to digital convertor were used along with SCADA.

Another factor is location from where the system is going to be implemented means we need to track remote site from a central location using Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) .RTU generally helps in temparature, preasure, level, flow.

One of best application of SCADA is Waste water treatment, Ethernet, Windows Based Application.

 Download  Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition SCADA System Project Abstract .

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Vehicle Tracking System Design and Implementation Using GPS Project Report

Introduction to Vehicle Tracking System Design and Implementation Using GPS Project:

Objective:

This project describes on how to provide security to vehicles using GPS.  A remote tracking server and real time vehicular tracking system were installed in the vehicle for easy tracking of vehicle. Information about the vehicle will transfer to actual tracking server by making use of GSM\GPRS modem on GSM network by sending a SMS or transfer the data to tracking server via GPRS using direct TCP\IP connection.  Tracking server also has GSM/GPRS modem which receives vehicle information through GSM network and placed the same information in a database. This vehicle security system, which installed in the car helps to reduce the auto theft. 

Overview:

Vehicle Security system is required during auto theft. So, whenever an intrusion occurs, owner of the car will get intimation through SMS with the help of this security system. The SMS alerts car owner who can take further action by intimating the same to cops.   Objectives of this project are developing automatic vehicle location system using GPS for alerting the car owner by providing the vehicle information to the car owner.  Vehicle current location will be detected with the help of vibration sensors and Ultrasonic sensors by making use of In-vehicle unit which installed in the vehicle. When vehicle information is extracted by In-vehicle unit it has to reach tracking server then the same will display to the vehicle owner through SMS.  GSM modem is required to transmit data to tracking server over GSM network.

Conclusion:

To track vehicle location when it is auto theft then both in-vehicle unit and a tracking server are used. The vehicle information transmits to tracking server using GSM modem over GSM network. Tracking server has one GSM modem to receive the vehicle information over GSM network and stores the same in database. This data will display to the vehicle owner via SMS.

Download  Vehicle Tracking System Design and Implementation Using GPS Project Report.

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Electrical seminar topic and Report on Neural Network Applications

Introduction to Neural Network Applications Seminar Topic:

This paper discussed about the importance of chaos theory and how to use the chaos theory in system load forecasting.  Short-term load forecasting is completed by using the load data of Shaanxi province power grid of China.  Artificial Neuron Network (ANN) structure is determined by embedding dimension. ANN is established based on chaos theory and applied into the power system Train and forecast can be done with the help of improved back propagation algorithm (BP) which developed based on genetic algorithm (GA). 

Overview: 

Chaos thery is used to analyze the characters of load time series and employed in power system forecasting.  Many non-linear time series forecasting models are developed based on chaos theory and those are used for power short-term load forecasting. Few of the popular models which are applied to power system load forecasting are regression model, fuzzy logic model, expert system model, time series model and grey-theory model. 

Application and Analysis: 

Standard BP neural network method uses uncertain structure of BP neural network in order to forecast the next-hour load. The results yield by BP is not very accurate and also not so quick.  But by using the chaotic characters of the power load time series, the structure of BP network will get determined then the accuracy in BP network results will get improved. BP neural network model using chaotic characters of the power load time series is more effective in short-term power load forecasting when compared to that of classical standard BP neutral network model. 

Conclusion: 

 All the characters of chaos are exists in power load time series and these are chaotic and nonlinear.  Precision and accuracy of a power load forecasting system is increased greatly by introduced chaos theory in power load forecasting system. BP neural network, developed based on chaos theory which is used for forecasting to in order to increase the accuracy and the training rate.

Download Electrical seminar topic and Report on Neural Network Applications .

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ECE Seminar Topic on Evolution of Embedded System

Introduction to Evolution of Embedded System Seminar Topic:

This paper is about the embedded system also discussed about the benefits, types and trends of embedded systems.

Innovation of Embedded:

Embedded system is a single chip which includes both hardware and software components. Microprocessor exists in embedded system as hardware and the memory part of the embedded systems consists of programs or procedures to be executed. The software exists in embedded system can alter these programs as per requirements at any time. As microprocessor is integrated with memory in this system, there is a possibility of processing data at high speed, reliability and flexibility. After developing a chip with inbuilt memory and intelligence basis, philips has released its products by including embedded technology.

Overview – Embedded Systems:

Autonomous, Real-Time, Networked and mobile are the four categories of an embedded system. Standalone mode device can be called as Autonomous. Time-based systems are Real-Time systems. Networked systems are useful to monitor other system and send corresponding data to a centralized system for clear monitoring. Mobile gadgets will be helpful to store database locally to their memory.

Embedded, Real-Time and mobile operating systems occupy less memory and satisfied more user requirements.  Application functioning dictates what processor need to be used in an Embedded system. Internal memory of an embedded system is sufficient for small applications and external memory will be helpful for the remaining requirements. Failure percentage of this system is negligible and it is around 1%. This embedded system consumes very low power. 

Conclusion:

The embedded system is a boon for a modern gadget in terms of reliability, flexibility, high speed and less failure percentage. Embedded systems are user-friendly; these will be helpful for the users who have issues of using PC-based equipments. Simply connecting or placing the sensors to peripheral devices as per requirement for giving input in order to get the required output. Embedded systems reduce the maintenance cost and other hidden costs when compared to that of conventional systems. 

Download ECE Seminar Topic on Evolution of Embedded System .