Category: ECE and EEE Project Abstracts

This category consists of latest abstracts which can be used for institutions for developing new projects for electrical and electronic final year students. Electronics students can download mini and major projects with abstracts and project reports.

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Laser Guided Appliance Control System ECE Project Report

Introduction to Laser Guided Appliance Control System Project:

In this electronic Era, by using these new technologies we can control and coordinate any system by means of passing signals recent days there is vast development in laser technology in control systems. The laser guided beam can control the devices very significantly having application in security alarms, traffic controllers, automatic response systems, and in controlling the electrical equipment

This paper deals how to control the devices by using laser guide pointer which is also called as laser diode, whenever there is any interruption in the transmitted signal the light detector will detects this interruption and passes signal to the electromagnetic relay and will operated. Here laser beam from laser diode acts as controlling signal this controlling signal regulates the detector within a specified range. This detector is of high sensitivity. The entire project concerns upon areas like automatic opening systems and security alarms and traffic control applications.

In our project Laser Guided Appliance Control the system comprises of laser, sensor, control circuit, alarm. The operation principle and block diagram is explained clearly in this paper. The major aim of introducing this concept is to provide the awareness to the world that how we can make use of lasers to achieve better quality in security at a very low cost, low power consumption and having multiple applications in future there is chance of developing this project in the areas of the wireless sensor network by increasing bandwidth.

The major components used in this circuit are listed below,

Laser diode DL 3147 – 60 it is used as source of laser beam.

Photo Transistors L14F1 TI the main purpose is signal detecting.

IC’S CD 4001, CD 4538, LM 7805.

Diodes, led’s, peizo buzzer, relay, DC/AC motor, preset, capacitors. The circuit assembly, along with the component description, operation and experiment results are validated.

Download  Laser Guided Appliance Control System ECE Project Report.

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ECE Mini Project Report on Laser Based Communication System

Introduction to Mini Project on Laser Based Communication System:

Recent days the communication systems are changing rapidly due to this enormous development a new revolutionary concept Laser Communication System had arrived which was gaining the human attention towards it. The basic principle of operation is amplitude modulation phenomenon. In this process the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in accordance with the amplitude of the modulated signal. The carrier signal is nothing but the signal on which we work here it is laser beam, the modulated signal i.e. the signal which is to be modulated or the signal whose parameters are going to change, is taken as the input audio signal, and mainly the term amplitude indicates the intensity of the laser beam which we use.

Laser based communication system is an invisible connections through the air and their working resembles the fiber optics links around the atmosphere. Using this new technology we can easily transmit the signals to the surroundings as quick as possible and transmit the data within a range of 500 meters without interference as here the laser torch can transmit light up to any distance based upon amplitude of the input signal.

In this paper we proposed a simple laser based communication system having two major sections transmitter and receiver, the transmitter is coupled with the laser beam of specific intensity with the help of an common collector mode transistor, the transistor used here is LM386 audio power amplifier which acts as impedance matching device acts proportional with the intensity of the modulated signal.

Now coming to the receiver end sensors are present to sense the varying amplitude of the light beam by using photo transistors and light dependent resistors adjacent with the loud speaker the transistor used here is Silicon photo transistor. The various applications are we can communicate without cost excluding equipment cost. Finally the entire circuit and its operation are checked and the results were improved.

Download  ECE Mini Project Report on Laser Based Communication System.

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Image Capture Automated Toll Gate MicroController Project Abstract

Introduction to Image Capture Automated Toll Gate MicroController Project:

Objective:

The system has been designed with a motive to maintain a proper channel system for movement of vehicles in and out within an environment and thus ensuring automatic payment system using RFID. 

Scope:

The design ensures image capturing, vehicle detection and payment completed. RFID card ensures account details and amount that needs to be paid.  The design will ensure secured movement of vehicles with systematic payment to the toll through which vehicles pass by. 

Brief methodology:

The project requires image processing sensor, RFID card, microcontroller, alarm driver with alarm, RFID reader, Lcd, Keypad, Relay. The image of incoming vehicle is captured using an external device. The external device used in this case can be a camera that can monitor the movement of vehicles. From here image processing sensor is used to process the image. Edge detection filter determine the shape of the vehicle. This enables to differentiate between light and heavy vehicle. The first phase of the process is accomplished by using Image processing toolbox and supported by MATLAB software.

The second phase displays the amount to be collected to the owner of the vehicle on Lcd.

The details are stored in RFID card and amount to be collected is stored in the database. In any case of insufficient amount paid by the owner of the vehicle is notified and this results in activation of alarm. The third phase ensures that if the amount paid by the owner of the vehicle then electronically controlled relay is activated. The system is connected in such a manner using relay that the gate is opened.

This system consumes less power and is easy to initialize.    

Application: 

The microntroller based system enables proper redeployment of vehicles and database ensures that the financial part is transparent.

The system adopted here is secured and involves less risk of failures.

Download  Image Capture Automated Toll Gate MicroController Project Abstract.

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Design of Power System Stabilizer to Improve Small Signal Stability Project Report

Introduction to Design of Power System Stabilizer to Improve Small Signal Stability Project:

Power system stabilizer is the remedial solution for instability caused by signals because of damping in the system. The design followed in constructing such a system has been adopted from Heffron-Phillip’s model. The modified Heffron-Phillip’s model which is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK has proved to be a better option as compared to the conventional power system stabilizer.

Features of Heffron-Phillip’s model

With increasing demand of electricity and ensuring system stability performance at low frequency oscillations, the damping torque needs to be increased. The Heffron-Phillip’s modified model which is based upon Bode-plot technique, does not depend on external parameters.

Single Machine connected Infinite Bus

The model consists of generator excitation system and AC network which is similar.

Modified Heffron-Phillip’s Model

The model is based on linearizing the system. The system establishes a relation between the transfer function for the model and excitation of the system.

Power System Stabilizer

The parameters involved in the system are PSS gain (Ks), Wash out circuit, Compensator and limiter. The form of the system establishes a dependency on the number of the lead-lag stages. In cases of a dynamic compensator the form of the system is equal to the gain.The washout function should be considered while assessing the performance of PSS. The value of this function should be high enough to allow signals to pass through unaffected.

Performance of stabilizer

Single Machine connected Infinite Bus/SMIB test system is used here. Bode plot is drawn comparing the transfer functions. Mathematical equations infer the stabilizer gain for the system.Graphs also depict the fault obtained at the bus containing the transformer. It is cleared by tripping. The comparison of the response in same, strong and weak show variations in power factor but oscillations are effectively damped.

Conclusion

The modified Heffron-Phillip’s model can be used and tested on multi-machine systems.

Download  Design of Power System Stabilizer to Improve Small Signal Stability Project Report.

 

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GSM Data Communication System Microcontroller Project

Introduction to GSM Data Communication System Micro controller Project:

The effects of mobile phones in all our lives are so immense that we get uncomfortable if we part with it even for a minute. A lot of technology goes into the working of a mobile phone. In India, we use mainly two types of mobile technology: GSM and CDMA.  Global system for mobile communications is a standard technology used in mobile communication; from the first generation of mobile networks the technology has come a very long way. 

This technical paper describes the design and development of a data communication system using GSM.  The reach of wireless technology is mostly used in GSM and as a result it has been able to hold its grip over many countries all over the world. GSM can be termed as a cellular network with its main function being packet data transfer through mainly voice service and is operating between 900MHz and 1.8GHz frequency in India. GSM supports text and small size multimedia file sending better known as SMS and MMS to all of us. The main part of a GSM network is the sim card in the mobiles which contain all the necessary information required for data transmission.

GSM Network cell architecture types:

  • Macro
  • Micro
  • Pico
  • Femto
  • Umbrella Cells

The proposed system architecture includes:

  • Microcontroller AT89S52
  • Power supply
  • Temperature Sensor
  • LDR
  • ADC
  • LCD
  • GSM Modem

The other tools include software like I2C protocol, drivers for LCD display and hardware such as micro controller interfacing circuits for sensors. The intensity of temperature and light are measured using sensor for temperature and LDR respectively and is fed as input as analogue data. The data that gets converted to digital from analog mode with the help of ADC is also fed as input. The data gets displayed on the LCD screen after passing through the micro controller. 

Download  GSM Data Communication System Micro controller Project  .

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Virtual Keyboard Using IR Technique ECE Project Report

Introduction to Virtual Keyboard Using IR Technique Project:

Now days the technology is growing very much the actual processor are becoming old one. This can be seen in keyboard earlier keyboard uses hard keys but now a day’s soft keys keyboard are there, they are dust proof. Here we will see about virtual keyboard.

Virtual keyboard is a frame that is filled with air the user simply had to press akey in the air and the related word is automatically pressed.Virtual keyboard uses infrared technology which has higher wavelength than visible light.This type of rays is used in military and civilian purpose. In military they are used to acquire the target in night vision and in civilian for wireless communication, in weather forecasting and for temperature sensing. This is also used in space to detect the objects in space.

Projection keyboard: – They are the virtual key board not the real one. In this the keyboard keeps the track of the finger and process the information according to the keystroke.

Canseta keyboard: – It is type of keyboard that projects the Image of the keyboard on the plane surface and keeps the track of finger to take the input by using sensors.

Roll up keyboard: -This type of keyboard is useful at time of traveling because they can be roll into a small piece. They are dust free and moisture proof.

Wireless infrared keyboard: -This is wireless keyboard that are built in track ball and use scrolling button for browsing.

Components: – It uses IR LED which is very cheapest to control any device. It can control al videos and audio devices.This is solid light rays. infrared rays is in-visible to human eyes because of its shorter wavelength than visible light but a videos camera can see this rays. This type of rays is easy to manufacture.

Download  Virtual Keyboard Using IR Technique ECE Project Report.

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Project Report on Simulation of General-Purpose Microprocessors USING VHDL

Introduction to Simulation of General-Purpose Microprocessors USING VHDL Project:

VHDL which is known as high speed integrated circuit description language is one of the most efficient programming language which is used to create and maintain the workflow of data or the data flow. It was been established in 1981 and later the newer version was launched in 1987.

The design or the development process of the VHDL consists of the Entity Declaration, architecture, Configuration, Package Declaration, Package Body. This model is mainly used to the texts that briefly explain the logical circuits. A specific standard type of program is used to test this logic model designs. This is called as the testbench. This device also has the input and output capabilities too which are used mainly as the general purpose languages.

Talking about the general purpose processor this are the micro processors which are specifically called as the central processing unit abbreviated as the CPU. CPU is the microprocessors that eliminate the instructions of the software. This machine finally undergoes the following steps first fetch an instruction, secondly decode the instruction and thirdly the execution of the required instruction.

A small intro to the Microprocessor is firstly the instruction set which can estimate the equivalent encodings. Two operand instructions which uses the first accumulator for the A operator and the second operand for the register that has three bits in the coding which stores the register. One operand instruction, instructions, instructions using a memory.

A concept called the death path is for the manipulation of the data which has function units, registers, buses as its sub attributes. Components of the death paths are input multiplexer, Flags, Accumulator, register file, ALU, rotator, buffer, control wizard.

This device is to provoke the design of the micro processor using the high speed integrated circuit. A code on the processor need to be executed for running the project successfully. In upcoming future the team members are working to set more instruction according to our needs. 

 Download  Project Report on Simulation of General-Purpose Microprocessors USING VHDL .

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ECE Project Report on Security System Using RFID

Introduction to Security System Using RFID:

   In general for each and every organization, industry, home and a person need security. It is most important common need. Security is mainly used in organizations. For this purpose, in olden days security guard was used next token numbers and next passwords. Now a day tags with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology has been using. But it is not more secure because one of the person tags is used by other one without his/her permission. It is more danger. To avoid these types of danger situations we should provide a new technology, which is “BIOMETRIC SYSTEM” with existed RFID system.

                                    The main objective of our project is providing a security to individuals having only one identification. For this purpose biometric system is used. We have to use hardware equipments are RFID Reader, RFID Tag, Camera, GSM, Zig bee, Microcontroller, power supply, RS-232, antenna, PC and mobile.

RFID tag system has taken more time to identification, not secure, cost effective and need a person. But our proposed system is not require a person and don’t have these disadvantages. It has multiple advantages so it is also called as multi-level security system. It is used for each and every room, which are in the organization.

                                    Fingerprint (thumb) biometric system is used in this proposed system because each person has different fingerprints so individual identification is provided. All these equipments are under the control of microcontroller. For every entry and exit SMS will send to the management. Zigbee is a wireless mesh communication within the organization. It has a range of 10m and operated at 2.4GHZ. Transmitter module keeps at rooms and receiver module keeps at management room. So security is more no chance to done mistakes. Finally conclude that it is the best technology for security purpose. It is easy to maintain user has a bright future and low cost more reliable. It is also used for vehicle security.  

Download  ECE Project Report on Security System Using RFID .

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Power Generation from Speed Breakers Using Air Compression Method Project Report

Introduction to Power Generation from Speed Breakers Using Air Compression Method Project:

 In our world every organization, industry, scientific labs, etc have been depending on electricity. Not only these sectors but also humans need electricity, which is equal to our minimum needs. Can we live without electricity now a day? Can we imagine our world without electricity? It is the most important need to us. So we have to increase the electricity. But it is generating very less quantity because population is more, so required more electricity. So we should generate more electricity. For power generation, there are so many methods, which are by using water, coal, sunrises, iron, etc. one of the source is by using speed breakers using air compression method we can generate the power. This is the aim of our project.  

                These speed breakers are made by helical springs of vibrating type at the base position. This spring height should be 0.3m only. When a vehicle loads and cross the speed breaker, immediately both are in depressed state and come back to their original position. These are having a specific dimensions compared to national high-ways. Length, width and height are 4m, 0.4, 0.2m respectively. These are rigid type with made of steel or tar.

When a vehicle loads the speed breaker then compresses the air in it. This air is used to impeller, so it is resource for the alternator. For e.g. Base is trapezoidal shape, so it has max and mini loads on the speed breaker. If it may be uniformly distribution load then it depends on product of factor of safety and whole weight.

                In impeller existing energies are, in inlet is kinetic energy and in outlet is atmospheric. This alternator is a electric generator machine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is based on principle of dynamically induced e.m.f. it has both stator and rotor and not having brushes, commutator and slip rings. Finally mechanical energy is generated from the speed breakers, which is resource to the alternator and generates the 10kw electricity from speed breakers.

Download  Power Generation from Speed Breakers Using Air Compression Method Project Report.

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ECE Project Report on Agriculture Aid Seed Sprinkling and Crop Care Taking Mechanism

Introduction to Agriculture Aid Seed Sprinkling and Crop Care Taking Mechanism:

In previous years, farmers were depended on plants and crops for staple food. They were depending only on rain and atmospheric quotients for field crops. For these crops they have 5-steps. They are Ploughing, Seed sowing, Seed sprinkling, Harvesting, and pesticide sprinkler.

                              Ploughing is the first step in farming. In this process we will till the land and make get ready to seed sowing. Plough is nothing but it has a teeth’s structure and will be able to turn top layer of soil down. In this process land will be making as a field. Second step is seed sowing, in this process we will put the seeds in ground. Seeds flow will control automatically. Third step is seed sprinkling, this is another way to put the seeds in ground i.e., we have to thrown the seeds into tilled field.

For this we have a high-speed fan. It moves automatically and controls the directions. Fourth one is harvesting. It is a mechanism, has horizontal blades used to cutting the standing crop. Last one is pesticides, which are used for not to get diseases, insects, damages the plants, and growing the crops and production.

                              In this process labor and time is required and put more effort. And also it is a slow process. All these slow steps are avoided by the new mechanism is known as “CHAIN DRIVE MECHANISM”. It has a conventional wheeled ploughs for balancing and proper weight distribution.

It has pipes for sowing of seeds connected to the seed tank and has controlling the speed of fan capability and restrict the flow of seeds and pouring the seeds in tilled field which is sprinkling. For this work no. of motors, pipes, and chains and also controlling mechanism required. Atmel 89C 51 micro controllers, RF transmitter/receiver, and dc motor are used. Advantage of this mechanism is no need of labor, time and effort. It is fast and more reliable process.

Download  ECE Project Report on Agriculture Aid Seed Sprinkling and Crop Care Taking Mechanism .