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This document VLSI Implementation of Digital Image Segmentation Algorithm for Gray Scale Images is based on the realization of digital algorithm and modified LEGION algorithm for gray scale image segmentation. LEGION is an algorithm for digital image segmentation and this algorithm was simulated in model-sim5.8 C but realized using Xilinx 6.3 tools.

 Image segmentation is a process of partitioning the original natural image into meaningful regions or image segmentation is segregation of the interested parts from the original image. It is very important for processing an image in higher levels like the image is not segmented, object tracking, and complicated manipulations and much processing time unnecessarily.

 An image segmentation algorithm is classified into five groups. They are Pixel classification, Edge-based approaches, Region based approaches, Modal based approaches, and Hybrid approaches. The hybrid approach joins both region-based approach and model based approach.

 LEGION stands for locally excitatory globally inhibitory oscillatory network LEGION has elements such as a model of a basic oscillator and local excitatory connections to produce phase synchrony within each object. A global inhibitor receives inputs from the network and feeds back to produce de-synchronization of the oscillator groups to represent different objects. LEGION is a network of relaxation oscillators which is constructed from an excitatory unit ‘X ‘and an inhibitory unit ‘Y’.

 Digital image segmentation algorithm has six functional steps with few modifications. They are Initialization, Calculation of Leader cell, Self excitation of Leader cell, Calculation of dependent cell, Excitation of dependent cell, and Inhibition of all excited cells.

Conclusion:

This paper is segmented on modification of the LEGION approach. The analog technique of LEGION is converted into digital technique and its architecture is realized in FPGA. Using Model-SIM 5.8 C tool, the architecture is simulated and using Xilinx 6.3, the architecture is synthesized. The segmented images are verified by using Matlab tool. LEGION has been used successfully to segment binary and gray-level image data.

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Today the world is of VLSI and people are various forms of technology like mobiles, i-phones, i-pods, etc. VLSI is the method of creating integrated circuits into a single chip with the help of 1000 of transistor based on circuits. The emphasis is based on VLSI chip and SDR technology which are used in mobiles. VLSI technology makes the mobile affordable whereas SDR technology makes its flexible. SDR is radio communication process which tune to any frequency band over a large frequency spectrum.

 This Seminar VLSI GSM CDMA Technology Btech Technical Seminar focuses on design of SDR and VLSI chips use in mobiles with their working principles. VLSI extends as Very large scale integration and SDR as Software Defined Radio. Telecommunication is highly developed technology which depends on VLSI technology and SDR plays an efficient role in mobile communication. VLSI helps to decrease mobile size and price whereas SDR increases the mobile flexibility.

 This network telecommunication is classified into two major types. First one is GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) and second one is CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). These two networks are different in accessing frequencies. The problem with these networks is that these two networks cannot be accessed from one mobile hand set. Today, dual SIM card mobile phones have been improving by using SDR.

 Present VLSI designs are having three categories. They are Analog, Application Specific integrated circuits, and Systems on chip. Its advantages include Lower package count, low board space, fewer board level connections, higher performance, reliability and lower cost due to the lower chip count.

 VLSI GSM CDMA Technology Conclusion:

 With the advent technology of SDR, one can access different networks and hence providing flexibility. Dual SIM cards phones are developed with SDR technology which has a very good response.  With the advent of VLSI, the cost has reduced and also product is made efficiently.

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VLSI Design Flow and VLSI Design CSE ECE Seminar Topic: Digital design is engineering and engineering means problem solving. The digital system increased chip complexity and the system capabilities.  The key for maintaining these concepts is comparing the cutting-edge process technologies with innovative designing. It is done with the help of integrated circuits (ICs), which were classified in size-small, medium, or large.

For chip implementation, three different approaches can be implemented. They are Field- Programmable Gate-Arrays (FPGAs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), and Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools.

A design methodology is known as a design flow and the flow of data in the methodology is represented in a ‘flow diagram’. It displays a design flow for VLSI systems. This flow shows few basic steps like System specification, Functional design, Logic design, Schematic design, Layout design, Packaging and testing, mainly Simulation and Synthesis.

In the today’s digital era, VLSI design has a wide range of applications.  The size and nature of VLSI design partitioned into many market sections like multimedia, networking, 3D-Technologies, wireless computer, consumer, industrial and medical.

The digital devices like flip-flops, logic gates, counters, and registers together form an Integrated circuit.  Chips or Integrated circuits have been a synonymous in today’s digital era.  These chips are found in your smart card, washing machine, or car.

The collection of one or more gates which are fabricated on a single silicon chip is called as an integrated circuit(IC).  Each IC contains numerous wafers with little transistors and these are the basic building blocks of ICs.

IC generations are Small-Scale Integration, Medium-Scale Integration, Large-Scale Integration, and Very Large-Scale Integration. Applications of VLSI are Significance of VLSI for Digital TV Systems, 3D Technologies-VLSI CMOS Sensors, Communications sector, and Industrial sector.

Conclusion:

Semiconductors have been tremendous since past three decades. The number of transistors per IC has increased. The key for maintaining these concepts is comparing the cutting-edge process technologies with innovative designing.

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