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Summer Training Report On Commutator and Brush Failure: In the year 1965, the Electric loco shed, Kanpur established for homing 11 locomotives. This shed primarily meets the needs of passenger and goods traffic in Indian railways. Today, the shed expended to home 176 loco motives for passenger, hauling, and goods traffic. It carries out monthly inspection schedule viz. IA, IB, IC, I0 & ICO and also annual and intermediate overhauling schedules.

Basically, the electric locomotive works at 25 KV, 50Hz supply. This transformer is an auto transformer which regulates voltage to a rectifier block to convert from AC to DC. It is worth to mention that the effort is by DC traction motor and thus AC is converted into DC. The DC current is filtered to pure DC from rectifier block and fed to traction motor.

There are six traction motors that provide parallel attractive effort for hauling the train. All the operations are controlled by control circuit that works at 110 volt DC. Many power equipments while operation heats up to cool the same which is done by many blowers.

Electrical Locomotive has different equipments which are Pantograph, Main Transformer, Rectifier, Traction Motor, Auxiliary Circuit, ARNO Converter, Control Circuit, Battery, Chopper Control, Circuit Breaker, Transformer, and Transistor.

The installation steps are Disconnect the power, Remove all old brushes, Inspect the commutator, Check the inside holder cavity, Check the terminal connection, Brush holders should be secured, Measure spring forces, Remove the old film, Install new brushes, Apply the pressure spring, Pull up on the brush, Connect the terminals, Seat the brushes, Operate the machine, and The machine is ready for use.

The Causes of Commutation Failure are Streaking, Threading, Bar Edge Burning, Grooving, Slot Bar Marking, Photographing, and Copper Drag.

Conclusion:

Locomotives that pull the trains from the front and common increasingly are push-pull operation that is controlled from a control cab at the other end of the train.

Download Summer Training Report On Commutator and Brush Failure EEE Student Project Documentation.

The training Study and Construction of Temperature Controlling Elements and Circuit report has two modules. First module is about the study and experiments on both Phase Change Materials (PCM) and Solar Radiation Chamber. These are used to lower the operating temperature of electronic devices and/or circuits and experiments are conducted on PCM.

Second module deals with the Construction of a Temperature Controller and circuit control temperature controls a fan which is fitted such that when temperature of room increases it automatically turns on the fan and thus temperature is regulated.

The thermal management process is separated into three major phases. They are Heat transfer within a semiconductor or module (such as a DC/DC converter) package, Heat transfer from the package to a heat dissipater, and Heat transfer from the heat dissipater to the ambient environment.

PCM absorbs the heat which is generated to a large extent and helps to work properly. It absorbs heat and liquefies it and under cool conditions it becomes solid state. Hence PCM keeps conditions favorable for working electronic devices. These technologies test at high ambient temperatures.

The systems are Air Circulation System, Heating System, Control System, and Cooling Systems. PCM material is a substance that absorbs high energy before melting or solidifying. A PCM temperature is constant during the phase change that is useful to keep the subject at a uniform temperature. PCM is classified as latent heat storage (LHS) units.

PCM is broadly categorized into composition and application. On the basis of composition, further classifications are Eutectics, Salt hydrates, and Organic materials.

Conclusion:

A good leaner should have theoretical and practical knowledge so that aspirant undergoes a practical training session. By this the knowledge about learning, enhancing my skills, getting familiar with the aspects of industry will change the approach to have scientific research with development and different physical laws. The circuit is used in all places commencing from domestic to the industrial sectors.

Download Study and Construction of Temperature Controlling Elements and Circuit Electrical Project Report Documentation.

The Speed Sensor less Separately Excited Dc Motor Drive with an Adaptive Observer project describes about speed sensorless separately excited dc motor drive that make use of the adaptive observer to have an estimation of the rotor speed. The stability analysis of speed estimation is carried out.

Torque control is operated with separately excited dc motor drive systems. Closed loop drive is employed for speed control that needs the feedback speed signal from tacho generators or pulse encoders. The transducer adversely affects the constant performance of the motor and enhances the hardware complexity and costs.

With the knowledge of motor parameters, input voltage and current to the motor, the intense research on the development of speed estimation and the speed estimation is computed. Hence the closed loop estimator is accurately than open loop estimator.

The project has a speed sensorless separately excited dc motor drive with an adaptive observer to estimate the rotor speed. The speed estimation stability analyzed using Routh Hurwitz criterion.

A DC motor is like a construction of a DC generator and a DC machine consists of two parts. They are stationary part which is designed for producing a magnetic flux and rotating part is called the armature where the electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy.

Applications include Paper mills, Textile mills, Cranes, and Printing press and advantages are high starting torque, accurate stepless speed control with constant torque, and quick starting, stopping, reversing and accelerating.

The mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy with movement of conductor by a magnetic field and the conversion is also true. When electrical energy is supplied to a conductor then current flow is resulted in the conductor.

Conclusion:

This project is about speed sensorless separately excited dc motor drive that uses the adaptive observer to estimate the rotor speed using the Routh Hurwitz criterion. The design for feedback and the speed controller is to assure system stability for the complete operating region and simulated result is also provided.

Download Speed Sensor less Separately Excited Dc Motor Drive with an Adaptive Observer ECE Project Doc.

Revolutionary Development & Working of Rifle: A firearm is a weapon that projects one or more multiple projectiles at high velocity by rapid and burning of a propellant and this method of rapid burning is called deflagration. The propellant was black powder or cordite in older firearms but modern firearms is smokeless powder. Modern firearms are having rifled barrels to spin to the projectile for better flight stability.

Hand-held firearms such as rifles, carbines, pistols and small firearms are called guns among specialists. Machine guns fire small-caliber ammunition and some machine guns are crew-served infantry give support to weapons with the services of one or more crewman like artillery guns. Firearms have been the predominant weapons used by human beings. Modern warfare relied on firearms with wide-range on military history and general history.

A rifle is a firearm which is used fire from the shoulder with a barrel of helical groove or pattern of grooves cut into the barrel walls. The raised areas of the rifling are known as lands to contact with the projectile that imparts spin around an axis corresponding to the orientation of the weapon.

When the projectile comes out of the barrel, the spin averages out curve improving accuracy to prevent tumbling and improves range like a properly thrown American football or rugby ball acts. A rifle was known to be rifled gun. Rifles are used in warfare, hunting and shooting sports.

A bullet is propelled by the contained deflagration of an explosive compound and compound is originally black powder, later cordite, and nitrocellulose. There are other means like compressed air used in air rifles that are popular for vermin control, hunting small game, formal target shooting and casual shooting.

 Revolutionary Development & Working of Rifle Conclusion:

This project presents the revolutionary development and working of Rifle. An army should have a weapon for strength and more power.

Download Revolutionary Development & Working of Rifle Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Summer Project.

There are many renewable sources of energy such as solar cells, fuel cells, thermo-electric generator, tidal power, wind power, geo-thermal, bio-gas. This Project is about “Renewable Sources of Energy EEE Summer Project Training Report”. Fuel cell uses hydrogen as a fuel to supply the world with clean and sustainable electrical power.

A fuel cell is an electrical cell to convert hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fuels into electrical energy and heat by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen into water. The process of electrolysis in reverse reaction is 2 H2 (gas) + O2(gas) 2 H2O + energy.

Fuel cells have various advantages on heat engines because hydrogen and oxygen gases are converted electrochemically into water and include high efficiency, virtually, and silent operation.

Fuel cells have the advantage in space applications over conventional batteries to produce much energy several times as per equivalent unit of weight. In the 1970s, International Fuel Cells developed a more powerful alkaline fuel cell for NASA’s Space Shuttle Orbiter and three fuel cell power plants are used to supply electrical needs during flight.

The alkaline offers a high power to weight ratio when compared to other types of fuel cells. Hence alkaline fuel cell is ideal for space applications. The NECAR 5 is the latest prototype fuel cell automobile by DaimlerChrysler and is fuelled with liquid methanol that is converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide with the use of an onboard fuel processor.

Benefits of fuel cell are efficient, clean, quiet, modular, and environmentally safe. Fuel cell provides the world with sustainable electrical power.

Conclusion:

The demand for electrical power is increasing day by day so there is also an urgent need to find meeting both responsibly and safely. The factors of renewable energy are storage and transport of energy in the past. Use of fuel cells and hydrogen technology, electrical power from renewable energy sources is delivered required anytime and anywhere, cleanly, efficiently, and sustainably.

Download Renewable Sources of Energy EEE Electronics and Electrical Summer Project Training Report with full detailed documentation.