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Simple Magnetic Levitation Train Btech Mech Project

The world continues to expand with the increase in population. This is leading to the growth of cities and causing congestion in the present cities. If this trend continues, then the normal modes of transportation won’t be sufficient. This problem can be solved by making use of electromagnets and superconductors. These concepts can be made to design a train that floats on the track rather than on it.

This project “Simple Magnetic Levitation Train Btech Mech Project” aims to determine the effect of load on the friction force in the levitation train. In this project the principles of magnetism are applied. This project can be applied practically in today’s world as these levitation trains are low on maintenance and devoid of tracks that cause friction.

Working:

In this project Simple Magnetic Levitation Train Btech Mechanical Project Report two magnetic strips are used as rails and are glued to a long piece of wood in a manner that the north side of the strip is up. In the same manner two magnetic strips are placed at the bottom of the train. This should cause the train to levitate as the North Pole and train magnets face each other. The train also might slide to left or right but can be controlled by side rails.

In the setup of the project, the foundation of the wood track foundation is used. The plastic angles are mounted in the next step. Now comes the important part i.e. high force magnetic strips are mounted. These are mounted on the train block. This train is then set on the track.

Conclusion:

This experiment establishes the levitation project by making use of the principles of magnetism. If the magnetic strip is doubled then the magnetic levitation of the train goes faster. As distance reduces, the repelling force multiplies. The most important application of this project is Trans rapid magnetic lift trains.

Download Simple Magnetic Levitation Train Btech/ BE/ Mtech Mech Project Documentation.

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Sheet Metal Design Mechanical Project Report

Sheet metal is basically a metal which is formed into thin, flat pieces. This is one of the most fundamental forms which are employed in metalworking. It can be cut and bent into a host of different shapes. This paper on “Sheet Metal Design Mechanical Project Report” explains this precise process. The thickness of this sheet metal is called as gauge and lies in the range of about 8 to 30 gauge.

The metals which are employed in this process are many and are in the form of sheets and plates. The thickness of the sheets which are manufactured in inverse proportion with the gauge number. Thus higher the gauge number, smaller is the thickness. This process involves the manufacture of articles from sheet metal or thin sheets.

Description:

The project Sheet Metal Design Mechanical Engineering Project Report describes the various sheet metal forming processes. They are piercing, blanking, fine blanking, punching, trimming, nibbling, notching, drawing, spinning, bending, embossing and coining. Of all these methods, the bending process has been given a detailed description.

Black iron sheet is mainly used in the sheet metal designing as it is the cheapest material. However these sheets do not have a protective coating on their surface and might corrode soon. They are therefore employed for articles which undergo enameling or painting. There are methods of sheet metal design and they are hydro forming and stamping.

Sheet Metal Design Mechanical Project Report Conclusion:

In the undertaking of this project, there are certain things that might lead to fatigue or discomfort if the proper steps are not undertaken. Too much force shouldn’t be exerted while performing a task. Positions such as kneeling, stooping etc should be avoided. If proper work techniques are not adopted and if stressful conditions persist, then it will result in injuries.

Download Sheet Metal Design Mechanical Project Report For Engineering Students.

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Modeling and Simulation of Speed of a Doubly Fed Induction Motor

Various industrial applications need new control techniques to get quick response and to improve the dynamic performances. Sliding mode, fuzzy logic and fuzzy sliding mode control are characterized by insensitivity and robustness to the parameters variation. This Modeling and Simulation of Speed of a Doubly Fed Induction Motor paper represents a study of a direct stator flux and induction motor with three regulators sliding mode, fuzzy logic, and fuzzy sliding mode.

These regulators are applied for regulation of speed of doubly fed induction motor (DFIM). The robustness between three regulators was validated and tested with the presence of the parameters of the motor. The three regulators are robust against external perturbations and the fuzzy sliding mode controller has best performance than the fuzzy logic and sliding mode controllers.

The doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) is for variable-speed applications like electric vehicles and electrical energy production and variable-speed domain and performance depends on the application. The DFIM provides the opportunity modulation of power flow into and out the rotor winding.

The DFIM has distinct advantages compared to the conventional squirrel-cage machine. The DFIM is fed and controlled stator or rotor with many possible combinations. The input-commands are obtained by four degrees of control freedom relatively to the squirrel cage induction machine and its control appears simpler. The flux orientation strategy transforms the non linear and coupled DFIM mathematical model to a linear model conducting, attractive solution, and generating or motoring operations.

The entire performance of field-oriented-controlled induction motor drive systems is directly related to the performance of current control. Hence decoupling the control scheme is needed by the coupling effect between q-axis and d-axis current dynamics.

Conclusion:

In this document, the speed regulation of DFIM with different controllers, fuzzy logic, sliding mode and fuzzy sliding mode are designed and simulated. The FSMC controller enhances the performances of the DFIM control.

Download Modeling and Simulation of Speed of a Doubly Fed Induction Motor Mechanical Seminar and Final Year Project.

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Wireless Energy Transmitter with Tariff System

The objective of this Wireless Energy Transmitter with Tariff System project is to wireless energy transmitter by microcontroller with tariff system. It is method of data transfer by wireless communication with the help of microcontroller. It is useful for the EB people for data transmission from the consumer place to EB without visiting to the consumer place. This system transmits the number of units consumed by the consumer as well as the amount has to pay for the month.

This project is designed based on the following blocks IR transmitter and receiver, Microcontroller, LCD display, Encoder, RF transmitter, RF receiver, Decoder, and PC. We can fix the corresponding data before IR transmitter and receiver can sense the number of rotation of energy meter with the help of keyboard and it transmits signal to circuit.

This circuit gives the output in the form of pulses to the Microcontroller and number of units is displayed that are consumed. When the particular time and data reached then microcontroller sends signal to the encoder. The encoded signal is then transmitted to RF transmitter and RF receiver receives the transmitted signal and gives to the decoder. The Decoded signal then transfers to PC. It is wireless communication.

The Internal Data memory has three blocks they are the lower 128 Bytes of Internal RAM, The Upper 128 Bytes of Internal RAM, and Special Function Register. Different addressing modes are direct addressing, indirect addressing, and indexed addressing.

Microcontrollers are used in sophisticated real time applications like Industrial Control, Instrumentation, Intelligent computer peripherals. They are also applied in industrial applications to control Motor, Robotics, Discrete and continuous process control, missile guidance and control, Telecommunication, Automobiles, etc.

Conclusion:

The project is about wireless energy transmitter with the help of microcontroller and tariff system. It transfers the data by wireless communication using microcontroller. It is applied in various fields for communication.

Download Wireless Energy Transmitter with Tariff System Electrical and Electronics Project Report.

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Summer Training Report On Commutator and Brush Failure

Summer Training Report On Commutator and Brush Failure: In the year 1965, the Electric loco shed, Kanpur established for homing 11 locomotives. This shed primarily meets the needs of passenger and goods traffic in Indian railways. Today, the shed expended to home 176 loco motives for passenger, hauling, and goods traffic. It carries out monthly inspection schedule viz. IA, IB, IC, I0 & ICO and also annual and intermediate overhauling schedules.

Basically, the electric locomotive works at 25 KV, 50Hz supply. This transformer is an auto transformer which regulates voltage to a rectifier block to convert from AC to DC. It is worth to mention that the effort is by DC traction motor and thus AC is converted into DC. The DC current is filtered to pure DC from rectifier block and fed to traction motor.

There are six traction motors that provide parallel attractive effort for hauling the train. All the operations are controlled by control circuit that works at 110 volt DC. Many power equipments while operation heats up to cool the same which is done by many blowers.

Electrical Locomotive has different equipments which are Pantograph, Main Transformer, Rectifier, Traction Motor, Auxiliary Circuit, ARNO Converter, Control Circuit, Battery, Chopper Control, Circuit Breaker, Transformer, and Transistor.

The installation steps are Disconnect the power, Remove all old brushes, Inspect the commutator, Check the inside holder cavity, Check the terminal connection, Brush holders should be secured, Measure spring forces, Remove the old film, Install new brushes, Apply the pressure spring, Pull up on the brush, Connect the terminals, Seat the brushes, Operate the machine, and The machine is ready for use.

The Causes of Commutation Failure are Streaking, Threading, Bar Edge Burning, Grooving, Slot Bar Marking, Photographing, and Copper Drag.

Conclusion:

Locomotives that pull the trains from the front and common increasingly are push-pull operation that is controlled from a control cab at the other end of the train.

Download Summer Training Report On Commutator and Brush Failure EEE Student Project Documentation.

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Study and Construction of Temperature Controlling Elements and Circuit

The training Study and Construction of Temperature Controlling Elements and Circuit report has two modules. First module is about the study and experiments on both Phase Change Materials (PCM) and Solar Radiation Chamber. These are used to lower the operating temperature of electronic devices and/or circuits and experiments are conducted on PCM.

Second module deals with the Construction of a Temperature Controller and circuit control temperature controls a fan which is fitted such that when temperature of room increases it automatically turns on the fan and thus temperature is regulated.

The thermal management process is separated into three major phases. They are Heat transfer within a semiconductor or module (such as a DC/DC converter) package, Heat transfer from the package to a heat dissipater, and Heat transfer from the heat dissipater to the ambient environment.

PCM absorbs the heat which is generated to a large extent and helps to work properly. It absorbs heat and liquefies it and under cool conditions it becomes solid state. Hence PCM keeps conditions favorable for working electronic devices. These technologies test at high ambient temperatures.

The systems are Air Circulation System, Heating System, Control System, and Cooling Systems. PCM material is a substance that absorbs high energy before melting or solidifying. A PCM temperature is constant during the phase change that is useful to keep the subject at a uniform temperature. PCM is classified as latent heat storage (LHS) units.

PCM is broadly categorized into composition and application. On the basis of composition, further classifications are Eutectics, Salt hydrates, and Organic materials.

Conclusion:

A good leaner should have theoretical and practical knowledge so that aspirant undergoes a practical training session. By this the knowledge about learning, enhancing my skills, getting familiar with the aspects of industry will change the approach to have scientific research with development and different physical laws. The circuit is used in all places commencing from domestic to the industrial sectors.

Download Study and Construction of Temperature Controlling Elements and Circuit Electrical Project Report Documentation.

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Speed Sensor less Separately Excited Dc Motor Drive with an Adaptive Observer

The Speed Sensor less Separately Excited Dc Motor Drive with an Adaptive Observer project describes about speed sensorless separately excited dc motor drive that make use of the adaptive observer to have an estimation of the rotor speed. The stability analysis of speed estimation is carried out.

Torque control is operated with separately excited dc motor drive systems. Closed loop drive is employed for speed control that needs the feedback speed signal from tacho generators or pulse encoders. The transducer adversely affects the constant performance of the motor and enhances the hardware complexity and costs.

With the knowledge of motor parameters, input voltage and current to the motor, the intense research on the development of speed estimation and the speed estimation is computed. Hence the closed loop estimator is accurately than open loop estimator.

The project has a speed sensorless separately excited dc motor drive with an adaptive observer to estimate the rotor speed. The speed estimation stability analyzed using Routh Hurwitz criterion.

A DC motor is like a construction of a DC generator and a DC machine consists of two parts. They are stationary part which is designed for producing a magnetic flux and rotating part is called the armature where the electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy.

Applications include Paper mills, Textile mills, Cranes, and Printing press and advantages are high starting torque, accurate stepless speed control with constant torque, and quick starting, stopping, reversing and accelerating.

The mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy with movement of conductor by a magnetic field and the conversion is also true. When electrical energy is supplied to a conductor then current flow is resulted in the conductor.

Conclusion:

This project is about speed sensorless separately excited dc motor drive that uses the adaptive observer to estimate the rotor speed using the Routh Hurwitz criterion. The design for feedback and the speed controller is to assure system stability for the complete operating region and simulated result is also provided.

Download Speed Sensor less Separately Excited Dc Motor Drive with an Adaptive Observer ECE Project Doc.

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Solar Power Generation with Auto Tracking System

Solar energy is an abundant stream of energy available directly as solar isolation and indirectly as wind energy. The energy has the sources of renewable energy and its potential is 178 Billion MW of about 20,000 times the world’s demand. Sun gives energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation.

This Solar Power Generation with Auto Tracking System project makes use of the solar energy to generate electrical energy with the help of Solar cells. The solar energy is received by solar cells and solar cells are operated on the photo-electric energy with solar cells principle. The energy of photo voltaic cells helps to switch on the lights.

Solar electric power generation systems have fixed solar panels with less efficiency of generation. The project is about SOLAR TRACKING with the existing fixed solar panels.

With the use of sensor and the input from the sensor is taken by the micro controller and is fixed to the maximum intensity position and PIC micro controller is used here. The 16F877 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The opto-coupler used provides isolation between the micro controllers and the sensor circuits.

The categories of applications of solar power are the heating and cooling of residential and commercial buildings includes the chemical and biological conversion of organic material to liquid solid and gaseous fuels and conversion of solar energy to Electricity.

The applications of solar today are heating and cooling of residential buildings, solar water heating, solar drying of agriculture and animal products, solar distillation on a small community scale, salt production by evaporation of seawater or inland brines, and solar cookers.

Conclusion:

The main objective of this project is to enhance the use of renewable energy source for power generation which is implemented perfectly. Solar energy is a major energy source in the future energy scenario of the world.

Download Solar Power Generation with Auto Tracking System EEE Engineering Student Project.

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SOC Estimation of Rechargeable Batteries

Battery is the used widely as an energy storage device because it is a common power source for many household, commercial and industrial applications. Many challenges are unsolved to characterize and manage the battery and estimation of state of charge (SoC) is one among them.

SoC is the amount of capacity present in a battery and critical for modeling and managing batteries. If SoC is 100% then it is a full battery and if SoC is 0% then it is an empty battery.

SoC controls charging and discharging process of the batteries. A good SoC estimation has various advantages like longer battery life, battery performance and increased reliability of battery pack. There are many methods to determine SoC and few methods are Coulomb counting, Voltage estimation and Impedance measurement method. The aim of SoC algorithm predicts the capacity accurately.

The aim of this SOC Estimation of Rechargeable Batteries project is to estimate the SoC and remaining runtime of a rechargeable battery to overcome the drawbacks of existing methods. The method proposed is based on renowned Coulomb Counting technique and predicts the SoC by Coulomb Counting method and the method is simple and easy to implement.

An electric battery has more than one electrochemical cells connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel combination. An electrochemical cell delivers electrical energy from chemical reactions facilitates chemical reactions by introducing electrical energy. The important parts of an electrochemical cell are Two half cells, Electrolyte and Electrodes. Batteries are classified into Primary (or) Disposable Batteries and Secondary (or) Rechargeable Batteries.

Conclusion:

With the importance of battery in the automotive industry and the energy sector, it develops accurate algorithms for SOC estimation. SoC is estimated by Coulomb Counting method with the battery model and a PI controller. The proposed method has estimating SoC accurately when there is an error to determine initial SoC and flaws in current measurement.

Download SOC Estimation of Rechargeable Batteries ECE & EEE Final Year Project Report.

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Simulation of Extra High Voltage Long Transmission Lines

Simulation of Extra High Voltage Long Transmission Lines: The electrical power system has three principle divisions the generating stations, the transmission system and the distribution system. The transmission lines link between generating station and the distribution system that lead to other power system interconnections. Today, we are using of Extra High Voltage (EHV) transmission lines for transmission of power between the generating station and distribution system in India.

The main reasons are the construction of super power stations of very large capacities needs the transmission at high voltage so use EHV lines and at high voltages power loss is also reduced since losses are directly proportional to the square of current.

With MATLAB, the simulation of transmission line analyzes the behaviors and parameters of transmission line under the actual conditions to simulate a long transmission line and analyze the waveforms at sending and receiving end. The results after simulation help in designing Extra High Voltage Long Transmission Line Model.

The network is divided into two parts transmission and distribution and transmission system is the main part.  Bulk electrical power transmits from sending end to receiving end stations by transmission line without any consumer and divided into primary and secondary parts. The transmission voltages in India are 66kV, 110kV, 132kV, 220kV, 400kV and 765kV.

The more voltages of transmission line make better performance and efficiency of the system and for this high voltage and extra high voltage transmission lines are used to transmit electrical power from the sending end to the receiving end substations.

The transmission line performance has four parameters. They are Series resistance, Series inductance, Shunt capacitance, and Shunt conductance.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that electrical energy is generated in large hydro electric, thermal and nuclear super and super critical power stations and these stations are present away from the load centers. This is an extensive power supply network between the generating station and consumer load.

Download Simulation of Extra High Voltage Long Transmission Lines EEE Project Report.