Category: Electronics Seminar Topics

XML is a cross platform tool or a language to gain data transfer between the cross platform. It is used to display the data in a formatted matter. It is used to represent the information or data and does not have any capability to perform any tasks on its own. It always requires an application in order to work with the XML documents.

 Rules for writing a Well Formed XML- Extensible Markup Language document are: extension for the file should be XML, XML documents are case sensitive files and hence the tags and the attribute values of the documents should be maintained in proper case, XML document should have at least one root element which can have one or more Child elements. Whenever the XML document is designed based on the DTD file then it is said to be valid XML document.

 Data Type Definitions: It is used to provide the definitions for the data to be used or to be provided in the XML document. Entity: It is used to define a user specific named entities which can be used in the XML document. When ever a named entity is used within a XML document then the value of the named entity will be substituted as a macro substitution within the XML document.

 External DTD Binding, whenever the data type definitions are specified in a DTD file and if it has been explicitly binded to the XML document then it is said to be external DTD binding.

 Conclusion:

 This XML- Extensible Markup Language Seminar PowerPoint presentation describes about XML. It is a cross platform tool or a language to gain data transfer between the cross platform. XML is not a replacement for HTML. Where the definitions of the XML document can be provided using either the Data Type Definitions (DTD) or XML Schema Definitions(XSD) file. For a well formed XML document, it is used for representing the data only. Valid XML document, it is used for representing the data along with its definitions.

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This paper Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wimax) presents the features of the Worldwide for Microwave Interoperability Access     (WiMAX) technology and discussion on comparing Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) with WiMAX. Broadband technology is a need for the population. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have challenges in order to have broadband solutions. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology appeared to be pioneer solution.

 Despite Wi-Fi in LAN solutions, it is used in MAN solutions also with bandwidth, coverage, and power consumption for the promotion of conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard, known as Wireless MAN.

 The WiMAX is described as a standards-based technology that enables wireless broadband access to cable and DSL. WiMAX is not a technology, but rather a certification mark or stamp of approval.

 Based on IEEE 802.16 and ETSI HiperMAN, WiMAX has common mode of operation, Concentrated in 2- to 11-GHz WMAN and Defines both the MAC and PHY layers. The IEEE 802.16 technical has evolved into three generations. They are IEEE 802.16,   IEEE 802.16-2004, and IEEE 802.16-2005.

 A WiMAX system consists of two parts. One is WiMAX tower and other one is WiMAX   receiver. IEEE 802.16 supports two modes of operation, PMP and PTP. Point-to-point (PTP) link refers to a dedicated link that connects only two nodes, BS and subscriber terminal.

 Topologies are Point-to-multipoint (PMP) and Mesh Topology. Mesh networks are wireless data networks that give the SSs more intelligence than traditional wireless transmitters and receivers.

 Conclusion:

 WiMAX becomes the dominant standard for Wireless MAN networks in today’s world market. The importance of OFDM makes the difference between the 802.16 and 802.16a standard. There are prototypes and development kits using WiMAX standard that are used for education. There are also few products which have been introduced into the market that already contains the WiMAX standard. Market is the key word to take into account. Products need to be delivered as per the market needs.

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The various technologies available so far for wireless transmission of electricity and the use of Wireless System of Energy Transmission are discussed. This Electricity through Wireless Transmission ECE-CSIT Seminar Idea concentrated on Tesla Theory, microwave power transmission (MPT) called Solar power satellite, and highly efficient fiber lasers for wireless power transmission.

 Especially the distribution and transmission losses are the main concern of this present power technology. This power is wasted during transmission from power plant generators to the consumer. The resistance of the wire causes a loss of 26-30% of the energy generated. This loss defines that system of electrical distribution is only 70-74% efficient. The transmission of power without wires can be best alternative for electricity transmission.

 The technologies available are wireless transmission techniques. Induction is an electric toothbrush’s base and handle contain coils which allow the battery to recharge. The electrical transformer has simple action and instance of wireless energy transfer. The primary circuit and secondary circuit of a transformer are not directly connected.

 The energy transfer takes place by electromagnetic coupling through a process known as mutual induction. An example of this principle is the battery charger of an electric toothbrush. However, the main drawback to induction is the short range. The receiver should be close to the transmitter or induction unit to inductively couple with it.

 Resonant inductive coupling has implications for solving the two problems associated with non-resonant inductive coupling and electromagnetic radiation. One is caused by the other; distance and efficiency. Electromagnetic induction has a principle of a primary coil generating a predominantly magnetic field and a secondary coil within the field and so a current is induced within its coils.

 Conclusion:

 The electrical energy can be economically transmitted without wires to any terrestrial distance. Wireless transmission have tremendous benefits like high transmission integrity and Low Loss (90–97% efficient) and can be transmitted in the globe and remove the need for an inefficient, costly, and capital intensive grid of cables, towers, and substations.

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Wireless communication has brought changes to data networking and telecommunication. Broadband Wireless Networks, Wireless LAN’s, mobile radio networks and cellular systems, are together combined to have mobile computing and communications anytime, anywhere.

Wireless Technology Future Scope MCA Seminar Abstract has the capability of reaching every location on the earth. Wireless telephony and messaging services are having domains of personal and business computing. WLANs are based on the IEEE 802.11 standard.

 The term wireless means telecommunication technology with which radio waves, infrared waves and microwaves are used to carry a signal to connect communication devices. Devices include routers, PC air cards, bridges, Bluetooth, infrared, and gaming adaptors, pagers, cell phones, portable PCs, computer networks, location devices, satellite systems and handheld digital assistants. Wireless technology is rapidly ever-increasing area for providing ubiquitous access to the network

 A wireless LAN is used by the mobile user and can connect to a local area network (LAN) through a wireless radio connection. Wireless technology encompasses notebook computers, laptops, cellular phones, PDA’s (personal digital assistant), and wireless networking. Wireless systems can be divided into fixed, portable, and IR wireless systems. A Fixed wireless system uses radio frequencies that require a line of sight for connection. A Portable wireless system is a device used outside the office, home, or vehicle. An IR wireless system uses infrared radiation to send signals of communication

 Applications of wireless technologies are divided into Voice and messaging, Hand-held and other Internet-enabled devices, and Data Networking. Types of wireless networks are personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), and wide area networks (WANs).

Conclusion:

Wireless Technology is in the formation stage and can expect a growth in the wireless industry within the next few years. This growth will be seen in products, services, and within the business industry. Wireless technologies are ubiquitous and the scope of increase in the markets for wireless technologies will be more according to IEEE 802.11

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The number of subscribers for mobile communications has increased much faster than predicted. The majority of traffic is changing from speech oriented communication to multimedia communication with the support advanced and wideband services including e-mail, file transfers and distribution services like radio, TV and software provisioning.

4g Mobile Communications Wireless Mobile Communications PPT focuses on the data-rate increase and new air interface.4G Mobile that converge the advanced wireless mobile communications and high-speed wireless access systems into an Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) platform.

Based on this OWA model, 4G mobile will deliver the best business cases to the wireless and mobile industries that is cdma2000/WLAN/GPRS 3-in-1 product, WCDMA/OFDM/WLAN 3-in-1 product, etc. Asia-Pacific is the dynamic market of new generation mobile communications with over $100 Billion businesses in the next decade.

 The 4G mobile technology, convergence of wireless mobile and wireless access, will definitely drive this growth. The wireless system such as 3G, HSDPA, WiMax, etc., will be replaced by open wireless architecture system very soon and can be integrated and converged on this open platform.

 The advent of 4G wireless systems created various research opportunities. The expectations with 4G are high with respect to data rates, spectral efficiency, mobility and integration.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is proving to be technology to be used in 4G. ATLAB to generate the OFDM signal proves that clipping does reduce Peak to Average Ratio.

Refer to project report on Mobile Communication Project:

Wireless Mobile Communication Projects

Conclusion:

The first operational cellular communication system provided voice transmissions. The second generation (2G) of the wireless mobile network used low-band digital data signaling which is known as Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM). The objective of the 3G was to develop a new protocol and new technologies. The 4G framework established to accomplish new levels of user experience and multi-service capacity like GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications, GPRS – General Packet Radio Service, IMT-2000 – International Mobile Communications, Wi-Fi – Wireless Fidelity, Bluetooth. 4G networks have following properties: Ubiquity, Multi-service platform, and Low bit cost.

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Wireless Internet Telephony BE Seminar Abstract is defined as real time voice or multimedia communication over the internet or packet switched network two telecommunication  standardizations  bodies  are  used  IP to  make  wireless  Internet  telephony a reality  in  the  wireless  telecommunication  network.

Using wide range of wireless devices, mobile end-user changes their location to access Internet telephony services. In wireless telephony, mobile end-user access services from any terminal or from anywhere. This requirement is called universal access.           

The architecture depends on mobile agent that acts as folder & carries services. Mobile agent is software program with characteristic to move from node to node on network while execution.

The mobile agent provides universal access requirement in an efficient manner to relocate to new devices being used by end-user or the SIP proxy H.323 gateway which is close to the end-user.

A mobile agent or MSA (mobile service agent) and elements like Service Creation Unit, Service Management Unit & Service Publication Unit handles the creation of new services. The SMU manages user subscription that creates and maintains MSAs.

Refer to this link for Seminar Report

 Internet Telephony Seminar Report 

There are four phases in the service life cycle. They are creation, deployment utilization and withdrawal respectively Service Creation unit, Service management Unit, Mobile Service Agent & Service publication Unit. Service maintenance takes place over the network without any human interaction.

 Mobile Service Agent (MSA) needs an agent execution environment (AEE) on every node. AEE is running agent platform where Mobile Agent can move and provide encryption.

 Conclusion:

 The service architecture is applicable to telephony or nontelephony service. This paper presented two solutions for subscription handling. They are agent swapping and dynamic agent upgrading. The main component of architecture is MSA, SCU, SPU and SMU.

The requirements are ease of service creation, tailored service, interoperability with existing technologies, service manageability, universal access, multiplayer environment, and support for a wide range of service.

The solution for subscription handling, swapping and dynamic update answered the concerned for deployment and withdrawal.

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Wireless Communications WIMAX B tech Seminar Abstract: In the field of wireless communications, underwater wireless communication is a flourishing research area. Applications such as oceanographic data collection, AUVs(autonomous underwater vehicles),underwater radio, transmission of video and audio signals by real time monitoring have been emphasized to overcome the present limitations.

Wireless describes the telecommunication with which the electromagnetic waves carry the signal over communication path. The signals used to carry digital information through an underwater channel are not radio signals as electromagnetic waves propagate over short distances so acoustic waves are used that propagate over long distances.

Necessities of underwater wireless system are temporary experiments, breaking of wires, significant cost for deployment, and experiment over long distances. The approach is to deploy underwater sensors which record data and recover the instruments. It is overcome by connecting underwater instruments by means of wireless links

Underwater Acoustic Channel: Severe multipath- 1 to 10msec. for shallow water at up to 1 km range, Doppler shifts, and Long latencies-speed of sound underwater is approximately 1500m/sec. Parts of an acoustic modem are DSP BOARD(Digital Signal Processing Board), AFE  BOARD(Analog Front End Board), and DC/DC converter.

Underwater networks have number of sensors and vehicles that are deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over a given area. Acoustic sensor technology is used for oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention and tactical surveillance applications and also for vehicular Applications, Deep Sea Observatory, and New Solar Underwater Robot Technology.

Conclusion:

In spite the development in underwater wireless communication, there is still an immense scope hence more research of the ocean bottom still remains unexploded. An advanced version of the existing applications and innovative inventions is must in this field. The main objective is to imbibe knowledge about this emerging field and encourage research and implementation of advanced technology to overcome the environmental effects on the noise performance of acoustic systems.

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These days Voice and Internet are the primary communication. Internet made industry to realize its potential so the industry is planning its marketing and communication strategies over the Internet. E-mail is the method to communicate nowadays who use the Internet. The wireless technologies and the Internet were growing separately.

Wireless Application Protocol-WAP MCA Seminar Idea is a standard developed by the WAP Forum. It is a group founded by Nokia, Ericsson, Phone.com (formerly Unwired Planet), and Motorola. The WAP Forum includes computer industry heavyweights such as Microsoft, Oracle, IBM, and Intel along with many other companies.

 According to the WAP Forum, the goals of WAP are Independent of wireless network standard, Open to all, Proposed to the appropriate standards bodies, Scalable across transport options, Scalable across device types, and Extensible over time to new networks and transports.

 WAP defines a communications protocol and application environment. It is a standardized technology for distributed computing and cross-platform. It is similar to the World Wide Web. WAP is the combination of HTML and HTTP. The important features it includes are optimization for low-bandwidth, low-memory, and low-display capability environments. These environments include PDAs, wireless phones, pagers, and virtually other communications device.

 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a result of continuous work to define an industry-wide specification for developing applications which is operated on wireless communication networks. The scope of WAP Forum is to define market which is growing quickly and reaching new customers and providing new services. WAP defines a set of protocols in transport, session and application layers to meet the challenges in advanced services, differentiation, and fast/flexible service creation.

 Conclusion:

 WAP technology creates a global wireless internet. WAP is designed to benefit wireless subscribers, handset vendors, network operators and service providers. WAP is a young technology as the wireless data industry. It can be used as an extremely powerful tool by software developers.

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The problem with broadband access is that it is pretty expensive and cannot reach all areas and the problem with WiFi access is hot spots are very small so coverage is sparse. The high speed of broadband service would be less expensive than cable or DSL and easy to extend to rural and suburban areas.

 The broad coverage such as cell phone network, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the most promising wide-area wireless broadband technology in a short period of time. Since it covers long distances, WiMAX has the ability to serve everything from low-density residential applications to enterprise customers.

 In this WiMAX Technology For a Wire-Free World IT Seminar Topic we will discuss about the WiMAX technology and other technologies competing with it and also the growth of this technology in India. The WiMAX technology provides a wireless connectivity efficiently and solution to create wireless WAN which is meant to provide high-speed Internet. This is the real advantage of WiMAX.

 The basic concept of WiMAX is that it uses high transmit power and focused signals, using directional antennas. The base standard operates in the 10 GHz to 60 GHz range. Hence the risk is very limited. The base standard is fixed wireless access for point-to-multipoint (PMP) connections. It means that a single WiMAX base station is able to connect either an ISP or a public telephone network situated over a distance of 50 km. WiMAX also supports mesh mode networking where subscriber stations communicate directly with each other. It reduces the use of line of sight (LOS) as well as deployment costs. The other technologies competing with WIMAX are Wi-Fi, Blue tooth, and Zigbee.

 Conclusion:

 In the near future, we expect to have wireless systems such as 3G, Wi-Fi and WiMAX, combined together with the higher-layer standards like IMS (IP Multimedia System). Integrating those technologies allow a wide range of devices to move transparently over the network.

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Today’s advanced data services are working on wireless traffic that is boosted with growth in advanced market segments as the migration from fixed to mobile voice continues. The technology that helps to grow the broadband data applications is WiMAX and it is a technology that helps in point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access without any connection.

 This WiMAX and Other Technologies Seminar focuses on the technical comparisons between WiMAX and other technologies. It explains ability of the WiMAX to have an efficient service in multipath environment.

 The development of broadband applications like email and downloading/uploading files through a laptop computer or PDA has been slow. WiMAX is radio technology that gives two-way Internet access at various megabits per second with ranges of several miles. The technology provides high speeds, but is less expensive to set up so the technology can challenge DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) and cable broadband services. The goal of WiMAX is to provide fixed, nomadic, portable and, mobile wireless broadband connectivity without the help of direct line-of-sight.

 WiMAX stands for “Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access”. IEEE 802.16 is working group number 16 of IEEE 802 that specializes in point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access. It is also called WiMAX.

 WiMAX is a wireless metropolitan area network (MAN) technology. The portable version of WiMAX, IEEE 802.16 utilizes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDM/OFDMA) in which the spectrum is divided into many sub-carriers. Each sub-carrier uses QPSK or QAM for modulation. The WiMAX specification improves various limitations of the WiFi standard by providing increased bandwidth and stronger encryption. WiFi wireless LAN technology is used in Broadband wireless access (BWA) applications. WiMAX is suitable for both indoor and outdoor BWA.

 Conclusion:

 Hence WiMAX technology for portable/nomadic provides a better performance, interference rejection, multipath tolerance, high data quality of service support, and lower future equipment costs i.e., low chipset complexity, high spectral efficiencies. WiMAX can complement existing and emerging 3G mobile and wireline networks.

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