Category: Electrical Projects

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Eye Blink Sensing an Accident Preventer Electrical and Electronics Engineering Project Report

Introduction to Eye Blink Sensing an Accident Preventer Electrical and Electronics Engineering Project:

Now a day’s accidents are occurring very frequently and sometimes the people are losing their lives as they are provided with the treatment in time because it difficult to know the exact location of the accident occurred. We have seen many devices employed to prevent accidents and we are proposing a eye blinking sensing device which is used to know whether the accident has occurred or not and gives an alarm. In this paper we will see how the eye blinking sensing device works and advantages of using it.

Working model and design:

In this device we find a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. To sense the blinking of eyes we will use an IR sensor which transmits the infrared signals on to the eye and counts the blinking of eye. In the receiver unit we use an AT89CS1 microcontroller which drives the alarm based on the information given b the IR sensor.

This microcontroller belongs to the family of 8051 and it is a 8 bit controller which 4kb on chip ROM and 128 bytes of internal RAM and 32 i/o pins which exactly suites for the arrangement of the components. The microcontroller is programmed using keil software and it is fed with the information of the normal blinking of eye. When the sensor transmits the information it compares with the fed data and based on the information it gives an alarm. Here the entire unit is provide with a constant power supply a 5v dc and avoid the power fluctuations we will use a voltage regulator.

Advantages:

This type of device is available at lower costs and can be fixed in the vehicle easily and it has a long life time. By this device we can alarm when driver is getting sleep as it checks of the blinking of eyes. This device is a reliable device and does not require any additional manpower.

Download  Eye Blink Sensing an Accident Preventer Electrical and Electronics Engineering Project Report.

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Four Quadrant Chopper Drive for Dc Motor Electronics Full Project Report

Introduction to Four Quadrant Chopper Drive for Dc Motor Electronics Project:

There are various methods for controlling the speed of the DC motor but they require huge equipment and they require high additional costs. The proposed method is a four quadrant chopper method which is used for controlling the speed of the DC motor and it is operated by using a microcontroller. By using this method the various in the speed can be adjusted automatically by the microcontroller. In this paper we will see how the microcontroller based design is implemented using a chopper method.

Brief on the working model and design:

In four quadrant operation we find operating modes and in each operating mode the characteristics of the motor changes. In forward motoring mode the current passes through the shafts and the machine tools and the current flows in opposition to the emf induced due to which the torque gets developed. In regenerative breaking mode the torque gets developed in opposition to the current due to which the breaking action gets applied on the motor.

Here the supplied with the control keys like reverse motoring, forward motoring, reverse and forward breaking and incrementing and decrementing and the operator can use any of these for controlling the motor. Here a PWM converter is used which varies the speed of the motor and the input is given to it using a keypad.  To drive the chopper device we use a IGBT drive circuit. For this design we will be using an 89C51 microcontroller which has 8KB of flash memory which is best suited for programming our application. The microcontroller program is written in embedded c and is loaded into the flash memory by using keil software.

Conclusions:

The proposed design of chopper method speed control device can even work under large currents. This is effective and the reliable design for controlling the speed of motor. As we are using a microcontroller design the speed adjustments are made automatically. This type of device can also be used in industries for controlling the devices.

Download  Four Quadrant Chopper Drive for Dc Motor Electronics Full Project Report.

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Electronics Project Design and Development on Robot Firefighter

Introduction to Electronics Project Design and Development on Robot Firefighter:

Now a days we find fire accidents occurring very frequently in shopping malls and in big constructions. It is very difficult for the fire safety people to extinguish the fire by finding the occurrence of fire. So we use robots which can go into the fire occurred buildings and can give information to the fire people where the fire getting increased. In this we use parallax robots which are used for designing fire fighters because they can move easily in mock rooms. In this paper we will see how the firefighter robot will work and how it transmits information to the fire safety people.

Brief on working model:

The robot is attached with a DS1620 temperature sensor which measures the varying temperatures and sends information accordingly. The fire fighter robot is made to move around and it measures the varying temperature in that area and if it finds the temperature greater than the set temperature it stops and sends the information to the fire safety people.

For transmitting the information we use infrared transmitter which can transmit signals in a particular length. The robot is programmed in such a way that it measures the temperatures and makes a move accordingly but if it finds the temperature greater than the set temperature then it stops and sends the location through IR transmitter. For the movement of the robot on the wheels we use a DC motor.

Conclusions:

By using this king of fire fighter robots we can extinguish the fire easily as we can know the exact area of fire penetration. We use infrared signals because they are effective for short communication and can withstand high temperatures. This model can be further developed by using a controller by making the robot to move to move according to our instructions and a camera can also be fixed in front of it.

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Safety Guard for Vehicles and Traffic Management Using Fuzzy Logic ECE Project Report

Introduction to Safety Guard for Vehicles and Traffic Management Using Fuzzy Logic Project:

The proposed design is based on fuzzy logic which is used for guiding the vehicle to find the obstacles on the road. The fuzzy logic is implanted in the areas where there is less information and where there is lack of information so as to get a possible outcome. In this paper we will see how fuzzy logic is implemented in our model for guiding the vehicle to find obstacles. We will also look into the design of the proposed model and the areas of implementation of fuzzy logic.

Working model and fuzzy logic implementation:

In fuzzy controller to make decisions we use a fuzzification interface which determines the input and output variables and map them accordingly. In the controller we find a knowledge base which contains the domain information and it make decisions based on the domain knowledge. We use a defuzzification interface for converting the fuzzy output into a value. To find the obstacles coming on the road we use an ultrasonic sensor which detects the obstacles and give the distance of the obstacle. Here in this design we find a transmitter section and a receiver section.

We use a LCD which displays the distance of the obstacle and zonal alarm is placed in the model which displays the areas like schools and hospitals so as that the vehicle can slow down in these areas. So to reduce the tension for the driver to make decisions when there is obstacle or in heavy traffic areas the fuzzy logic is used which gives us the responses based on the situation and automatically controls the speed of the vehicle and displays the schools or hospital areas.

Advantages and applications:

This logic is implemented in the areas we don’t find the required information to make a possible outcome. These are used in various fields and these are use in providing navigation for the robots which are in unknown environment.

Download  Safety Guard for Vehicles and Traffic Management Using Fuzzy Logic ECE Project Report.

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Energy Theft Detector Electronics Project Topics Abstract

Introduction to Energy Theft Detector Electronics Project:

The proposed design is to identify the theft energy in the power lines. This design is a microcontroller based design which identifies the users who are illegally using the power. Radio communication is used in between the consumer who user power and substation where the theft identification is monitored. In this paper we will look into the theft detector design and how these are employed in power lines for identifying the theft energy.

Brief on the design and the working model:

The entire design consists of two parts one is the mechanism for identifying the theft energy in the consumer place and the other is to transmit the information regarding theft identification to the substation using radio communication. The microcontroller present at the receiver will decode the information for monitoring. Here a touch sensor or a electrostatic sensor is provided in the meter and

when the user open it due to electrostatic charge present in the human body energizes the transistor and it drives the relay present and transmits a signal with the help of the FM transmitter and at the receiver the signal will be decode by the microcontroller which displays the address of the meter. A 8051 microcontroller is used for monitoring the received signal at the receiver. Analog to digital converters are used so as to convert the incoming analog signal to digital signal and is fed to the microcontroller.

Advantages:

This entire design is available at a low cost and it can be easily installed in the meters. It consumes very less power for its functioning and it can work continuously without any interruption. This is an efficient device for identifying the energy theft identification in the he rural areas. If the number of users increases then the frequencies may not be sufficient so the carrier levels has to varied from region to region. 

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Development of Energy Management and Warning System for Resident ECE Project Report

In this paper we will discuss about the working remote controllable room architecture which is possible by reducing standing power which in turn reduces the energy consumption. The power controller is designed by using embedded systems with microcontroller functionality. By using this we can efficiently manage the power outlets. By using various sensors we can detect the usage and based on that the load elements get on. We use a controller which automatically reduces the standby power when there are variations in power flow.

Room architecture and microcontroller working:

We find light sensors, temperature and humidity sensors which sense the information of the room and pass it to the microcontroller. To the microcontroller we connect different appliances through a relay. Based on the sensed information given by the sensors the microcontroller makes the appliances to turn on or off. To drive the relays we will use an pre ULN 2003 drive which gives the required motion for the relay.

We use a pic16F877A microcontroller which has additional features which is suited for our design requirement. It has a 16 bit timer and 10 bit ADC and 256 bytes of EEPROM memory and it executes the code at the speed of 1microsecond which is faster than a microcontroller execution. We can code the microcontroller using c language and the program is loaded into the microcontroller using PIC flash.

Future scope:

The proposed model can be implemented to a single room.  By using this model we can reduce the usage of power flowing to the appliances and this model is available at a low cost. We can design this model by using wireless communication through Zigbee protocol and we can interconnect rooms through servers. Thus we can conclude that the proposed model works efficiently in saving power in room architecture.

Download  Development of Energy Management and Warning System for Resident ECE Project Report.

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Energy Harvesting From Passive Human Power Electrical Project Abstract

Introduction to Energy Harvesting From Passive Human Power Electrical Project:

All the electronic and electrical devices need power for their working and depending upon the capacity of the device they are supplied with low are high voltages. There are various methods for generating power and the most common method which we use in power plants is by using fossil fuels or by using water currents for running turbines to generates power. In this paper we will see how power is generated by using human body actions like walking, body heat and blood pressure. We will see how passive human power is used for generating power and various energy techniques.

Brief on energy harvesting methods:

The power from the human passive power will be a few volts which cannot be used for higher voltage devices but this can be used for running low voltage electronic devices. Kinetic energy harvesting is one of methods which use motion driven ambient energy micro scavengers relay which acts as a transducer for converting kinetic energy into mechanical energy. In case of piezoelectric harvesters we use mechanical motion which stimulates the piezoelectric material and due to this internal charge configuration changes which generates voltage across the surface.

In electrostatic harvesters which are motion sensitive uses a parallel plate variable capacitor which uses kinetic energy or the dampening vibration forces for generation of electricity. These are rectifier free designs because the rectifier can only control alternating input voltage to desired output voltage and in the harvesters the power generated may not constant so to store the generated power for shorter duration before sending to a capacitor or a battery we use inductor.

Conclusions:

This is a renewable source of energy as we use passive human power for generation of current. The challenge of the harvesting designs is to provide a net energy gain and to reduce the losses occurring due to inductors and overcome the power dissipation in the process.

Download  Energy Harvesting From Passive Human Power Electrical Project Abstract.

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Energy Efficient Electrical Drives Electrical Project Report

Introduction to Energy Efficient Electrical Drives Electrical Project:

Electrical drive is a device or equipment which converts electrical energy into mechanical motion which is used for controlling the motion of the device attached to it. Based on the requirement we find different kind of electrical drives employed in industries for driving various devices. In this paper we will see different kinds of electrical drives and the working model of electrical drives.

Brief on the working of electrical drives:

To obtain variable speeds electric drives are employed in industries. The design of electrical drive consists of a power modulator which manages the eddy currents and depending upon the torque characteristics of the load it will change the electrical energy coming from the source. A control circuit is provided so as to regulate the speed based on the requirement.

A sensing device is placed in the equipment which senses the speed of the load and passes the information to the control circuit which makes necessary changes. We find losses in the electrical drive due to power modulator and transmission medium and power converters and motor factors. There are certain methods which reduce the losses and increase the efficiency of the drive. By improving the power factor at the input side and by reducing the harmonics the losses are overcome.

Advantages and disadvantages:

When compares to other drives the cost of availability of electrical drives is low and has higher efficiency. We can control the device easily with the provided remote control. Electrical drives have very less delay time in starting when compare o other mechanical drives. If any failures occur for a short time it may cause the entire system to crash. The losses occurring in this drives are more based on the factors of usage. 

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Embedded System Based Implementation of Drip Irrigation ECE Project Abstract

Introduction to Embedded System Based Implementation of Drip Irrigation Project:

Due to insufficient rains and lack of proper storage reservoirs there is a need to use the limited water resources effectively. By using drip irrigation system the water the wastage of water gets reduced as the water is directly supplied near the roots. But it is very difficult to supply water only where there is a requirement, so by using an embedded based microcontroller design it is possible. In this paper we will look into the design of system which monitors the drips present in the farm.

Brief on the design and working:

To make a design we should look into the type of soil and the amount of water to be supplied for each plant and the time intervals to follow for supplying water. We will be using temperature and moisture sensors which will be buried under the soil each line of drip. When the temperature and the moisture are reached to the required point then they transmit a signal to the microcontroller which drives the relays by making the pipe valves to turn off.

For this design we will be using an 89C51 microcontroller which has 8KB of flash memory which is best suited for programming our application. The microcontroller program is written in embedded c and is loaded into the flash memory by using keil software. A DC motor is used for regulating the flow of water through the pipes.  A LCD is connected to the microcontroller which displays the lines where the drips are on. Amplifiers are connected to the sensors so as to energize the out coming signal the sensors.

Advantages:

This design is a low cost model and it can be easily installed. By employing this design we can reduce manpower and we can look after the water supply very easily. By using drip irrigation the wastage of water gets reduced and by supplying required amount of water to the plants we can yield more. This is error free design as we are using a microcontroller for monitoring the system.

 Download  Embedded System Based Implementation of Drip Irrigation ECE Project Abstract.

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Real Time Pedestration Detection and Tracking at Night Time for Driver Assistance Systems

Introduction to driver assistance systems:

Because of accidents the pedestrians are the most affected people. It is very difficult for the drivers to detect the people crossing the roads during night times. The proposed system is a driver assistance system which detects the pedestrians crossing the roads and gives an alarm to the driver so that he can decrease the speed of the vehicle. In this paper we will see the design and the working model of the driver assistance system.

Working model and design:

We will use an 89C52 microcontroller which is the heart of the design and it controls the flow of signals to the components. To detect the pedestrians we will employ an infrared sensor which can track the object and past the information to the microcontroller. A software program is loaded into the microcontroller so as to give the buzzer based on the information given by the sensor. The program is written using embedded c and is loaded into the microcontroller ROM using keil software. This device is placed in front of the vehicle and when the device is switched on the sensor starts working. The entire device is provided with a 5V dc power supply by using a battery source.. The keil software is capable for programming flash memories.

Advantages:

This is very efficient device for tracking or detecting the pedestrians walking during night time and avoids the occurrence of accidents. This device gives a alarm so that the diver gets alert. This device can be developed by using automatic break system which stops the car automatically when a obstacle is detected.

Download  Real Time Pedestration Detection and Tracking at Night Time for Driver Assistance Systems  Project Report.