Posts

Posted on

Indian Automobile Industry Analysis MBA Presentation

According to the views of (RNCOS-2006) Indian automobile industry is an open market for many companies. This article explains the production, sales and export growth of Indian automobile industry and specified the information on opportunities offered by Indian automobile Industry to foreign car companies. The porter’s five forces of Indian automobile industry are illustrated, that gives a clear idea on current status of automobile industry of India. Automobile industry is the most competitive industry in the World, in which many changes and sudden circumstances takes place in the market. Information on these changes that happens in automobile market of India is described.

This article explained the information on role players of automobile industry. Significant information on car marketing strategies in order to improve sales of cars is included in this article. The future work development is required to this article in order to get information on detailed analysis of automobile industry of India.

 This article is related to automobile industry of India and information on Indian automobile industry which is related to actual research topic and for this reason this article information is used in the research process.

After reviewing this article, researcher concludes that there are different types of automobile role players in Indian automobile industry and it is playing vital role in the economical standard of the country. 

Posted on

Automobile Industry in India 2012 MBA Seminar Topic

According to the report of Mapsofindia (2010), Indians buy cars regularly, which are allowing the automobile companies to establish new cars with efficient features in order to attract the customers. This report specified that there are many top automobile companies in India like Tata Motors, Hindustan Motor Ltd, Ashoke Leyland, Maruthi Suzuki India Ltd and Bajaj Auto, which are leading Indian automobile industry. The deep overview and competitive advantages of these companies and their cars are explained in detail within this report. According to this report, there are many top automobile companies in India that are offering wide range of automobile services to Indian customers.

This report even revealed the SWOT- strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Indian automobile industry. The future enhancements are required to this report in order to include information on some other important automobile companies in India. The information based on automobile industry is considered from this report and summarized according to research requirement.

The actual research problem is that automobile industry is facing tough competition in the market place. In order to specify the information on popular automobile companies the information from this particular article is taken into consideration.

After analyzing this article, researcher concludes that automobile industry includes wide range of companies that are serving automobile customers with wide range of cars and car models. 

Posted on

Conclusion and Future work of Quality of Service in Wireless LAN Using OPNET MODELER

Conclusion and Future work 

Conclusion 

Security plays an important role in estimating the performance of any type of networks like wired and wireless networks. Wireless networks are more popular across the networking world these days and they are used against much outstanding application to ensure a safe and wireless communication mechanism. Improving the security across the wireless networks is the key research area and there are many security models proposed in this context and most of them are successful. The main aim of this project is to improve the security across the wireless LAN networks and for this a mobile ad hoc network is considered.

OPNET modeler is used as the required simulation tool and the nodes are wireless LAN workstations and a simple wireless LAN server is also used across the simulation mechanism. To proceed with the simulation two scenarios are created and among these scenarios the first scenario is an ordinary configuration and the second scenario deals with the improved security for the wireless LAN. The simulation process adopted in this context is explained in this document and few results are used to estimate the performance of the secure wireless LAN and based on the results achieved following analysis is done in this research. 

Less amount of traffic is received across the safe wireless LAN settings when compared to the normal scenario. From this indication it can be analyzed that the overall traffic is reduced by changing the settings of wireless LAN and if the total traffic reduced across the network, then the nodes across the network will generate ample packets to the server without any loss and when the first scenario is considered there is more traffic and a maximum value of 750 bytes per second is observed.

This value is much greater than the modified scenario where the maximum amount of traffic received is only 150 bytes per second and this indicates that if secure wireless LAN parameters are used, the congestion can be reduced a lot across the network and if there is more traffic received across the network in terms of packets, it indicates that there are chances for flooding and this situation can be eliminated with the implementation of secure wireless LAN parameters. When the second scenario is observed it is clear that a constant rate of traffic is received throughout the simulation process and this value is very less and also the chances for packet flooding is very less. Traffic sent is less with the secure wireless LAN setting when compared to the normal settings scenario.

If the traffic sent in bytes per second is low it can be understood that the chances of network congestion are low and this fact is proved with the secured wireless LAN settings and the actual traffic sent with the normal wireless LAN is more when compared to the secured scenario and a very less number of packets are sent across the network by the nodes towards the wireless LAN server and also across this situation the server will be free enough to handle all the client requests and thus the overall congestion on the network can be reduced a lot due to the secure wireless LAN parameters and If the traffic sent by the video application on the network is low it can be concluded that congestion on the network is reduced and also the packet flooding can be minimized when compared to the unsafe wireless LAN parameters.

Jitter is more with the secure wireless LAN configuration and it indicates that the packet are sent at a constant rate without much delay where the normal scenario has very less jitter and thus the packets are sent with more variation in delay terms and even in this perspective the performance of secured wireless LAN scenario is better when compared to the normal scenario. MOS value is constant and also less with the secured wireless LAN configuration when compared to the normal configuration. From this analysis it can be concluded that the quality of the voice application is improved and maintained at a constant rate across the secured wireless LAN when compared to the unsafe wireless LAN.

The average packet end to end delay is more with the secured wireless LAN configuration when compared to the normal configuration. From this it can be understood that the delay is more with the secure wireless LAN configuration and it sends the packets at a slow and constant rate such that there is no packet loss across the network, where the delay is very less with the unsafe wireless LAN and this indicates that packet flooding is achieved across the network and there is ample scope to lose the packets against the wireless LAN server. Almost same amount of traffic is sent across the network for both the scenarios and on a while the overall traffic sent is less with the secure wireless LAN parameters.

From this it can be understood that the voice application are more open to the attacks and thus the traffic sent is equal even a secure wireless LAN is implemented and a better optimization is done with enhancing the security of the wireless LAN performance metrics and if the delay is more means the wireless LAN server is free enough to handle the packets sent from the corresponding clients and also they can be processed accordingly to their own destinations without any loss in packets.

The delay with the normal configuration is very less and this situation will make the wireless LAN server busy and it will lose the important data packets sent from different applications. Secured wireless LAN parameters are giving ample freedom to the medium in accepting all the networking requests from the corresponding nodes and also the medium can add more nodes and servers with the security provided by the wireless LAN metrics and if the load on the network is more due to the unsafe wireless LAN the rest of the nodes stop working and thus the secure wireless LAN metrics are helpful in reducing the load to a maximum extend and even in this context secure wireless LAN performance is more when compared with the ordinary LAN configurations. 

Future work 

Future work to be done in this project to improve the scope of the research is given below 

  • More scenarios can be added to the simulation and wireless LAN parameters can be added against these scenarios to improve the research in future
  • Security protocols can be added to the network in future to estimate the performance of the wireless LAN at the protocols level. 
Posted on

Literature Review on Automobile Industry in India

Literature review is the significant aspect in the research process because it is the only aspect that can be used to find the research data from published information sources. Different ideas and opinions of scholars can be considered and analyzed in a critical manner in order to fill the research gaps.

Literature review chapter of this research study includes the significant information on different aspects related to problem statement such as automobile industry, buying behavior of customers, Tata Nano and car marketing strategies.

The actual research problem is competition among automobile industries, identifying buying behavior of customers, Tata Nano effect etc. The different types of articles on Indian automobile industry, Tata Nano, buying behavior of customers along with the information on car marketing strategies to be followed in order to overcome the competition and become successful company in the market are taken into consideration and are analyzed critically in order to get final results. 

Posted on

Explicit and Implicit Assumptions for Car Market and Buying Behavior MBA Project

The explicit assumptions of this research study are that, this study may finally identify the entire problems faced by Indian automobile companies, especially Tata Nano.

This study suggests marketing strategies and methods to be followed by automobile companies to identify the buying behavior of the customers and to improve their car sales. But the specified strategies may be considered or rejected by Tata Company because it is having many alternate resources to identify and overcome their internal and external problems. Researcher is assuming and expecting that if this research study reaches Tata and other automobile companies of India they will consider the final opinions and views specified and suggested by the researcher. 

Implicit assumptions 

The hidden and implicit assumptions of the researcher is that this research study may be accepted by Indian automobile companies and widely used by them to overcome the problems faced by them.

The hidden assumption is that researcher is expected good feedback to the suggested study from the readers and finally expecting the feedback that this particular research study is much more useful to automobile companies. 

Posted on

Major Problems in Automobile Industry Final Year MBA Seminar Topic

The actual hypothesis of this study is to identify the problems that take place in Indian Automobile Companies by taking Tata Nano as example. This study identifies the different problems that take place in auto industry and among the total problems, buying behavior is considered as the significant problem that is allowing the auto companies to face failures in the marketplace. This study gives a basic idea on buying behavior on India customers, especially when they buy cars.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the buying behavior of a customer in Indian Automobile market and to examine different marketing strategies that are used in the Indian car market in order to satisfy the changing preferences of the customers. The main reason for selecting this particular topic because Automobile industries in India (Tata) are facing problem in understanding the changing buying behaviors of a customer and making mistakes in applying proper marketing strategies to their products, which ultimately will effect the Automobile industries in India. In this research researcher would like to gather more information on the automobile industry and analyze the different buying behaviors of the customers as well as to analyze the strategies required to be successful in the automobile market.

Even though, there are many automobile companies in the market, all industries have their own significance and preferences because of the type of services offered by them. By using this research process the researcher wishes to provide detailed information on the overview of the automobile industry and the buying behavior of customers when purchasing vehicles and also different aspects of the car marketing along with the overview of the Tata Nano car. 

Research Questions and Objectives 

  1. What type of impact does globalization process is shown on buying behavior of Indian automobile industry?
  2. Why Indian automobile companies especially Tata facing challenges in the international markets?
  3. What is the buying behavior of consumers when they purchase cars?
  4. How do the companies assess the buying behavior of customers towards their company cars?
  5. Why are companies facing failures in identifying the buying behavior of the customers?
  6. How to identify and analyze the buying behavior of customers and what type of strategies should they follow in order to satisfy the buying preferences of customers?
  7. Does the Tata NANO car change the history of automobile industry? What type of impact does Nano showed on automobile companies?
  8. What are the competitive advantages of Tata Nano car when compared with its competitors?
  9. What type of marketing strategies should the automobile companies follow in order to market their cars and to get succeed in the automobile market?
  10. What type of marketing strategies should Tata Nano follow in order to improve their sales?
Posted on

Problems In Automobile Industry for MBA Students

One major problem in the automobile industry is the changing buying behavior of the customers. Each and every customer will have their own preferences but they change according to their mindset, and because of this changing behavior the automobile companies are unable to identify the requisite needs of the customers. Because of the existence of more car companies in the market, customers prefer companies that offer new features and designs of high-end models with good quality in performance as well as safety at a low cost price. The main research problem is to identify the buying behavior of Nano customers. The detailed information on Indian automobile industry will be considered and analyzed to identify the problems faced by Indian auto companies in marketing their car products.

It’s apparent that nowadays the fuel cost is increasing regularly which is a major problem faced by every person in the world. Also because of the heavy usage of fuel cars, there is the existence of huge environmental pollution. Because of these problems costumers are thinking twice about fuel efficiency when they buy a car, thus the automobile industry is facing a huge problem in designing a fuel-efficient car to overcome the competition with other companies.   Along with fuel efficiency features the customers are even giving priority to safety, styles and comfort-based services. The automobile companies are facing many problems with the changing buying behavior of the consumers.

Even though most of the cars have good features they often rejected them because of poor fuel efficiency. In order to overcome these problems automobile companies are offering the fuel-efficient cars, which emit less carbon dioxide and are made of the CNG, LPG as well as the biogases.

The other major problem is maintenance of the services according to the changing behavior of the customers.  The customers are the people who will always compare the services and products of one company with the others and prefer only one single company. In order to attract the customers towards their company’s products, most of the automobile companies are offering new cars with good features and fewer prices with good financing plans.

To overcome all these problems and to be one of the best automobile companies among the competitors the automobile companies should follow some specific strategies related to the market, which will be explained in detail in this study. 

Posted on

Results and Analysis of Quality of Service in Wireless LAN Using OPNET MODELER

 Results and Analysis 

Introduction 

Evaluation of results is done in this chapter and all the scenarios created across this simulation are differentiated and compared against the performance metrics used to get the results as discussed in the previous chapter. As discussed in the design and simulation procedure chapter, there are two scenarios in this simulation process and the main aim of this project is to evaluate the security threats across the wireless LAN and for this purpose a simple MANET is considered along with the wireless LAN mobile workstations and the wireless LAN server as discussed in the previous chapter. Few performance metrics with respect to all the applications like voice, video, FTP and wireless LAN are evaluated against the comparison results and the actual results got after running the simulation are analyzed in this chapter along with the graphs as shown below 

Results against FTP performance metrics 

Three applications are used in this simulation and they are FTP, Voice and video and few performance metrics are also used against the analysis process and in this section the actual results achieved for the FTP against the comparison of both the scenarios is considered. As discussed the first scenario deals with the normal and unsafe wireless LAN settings and the second scenario deals with the secured wireless LAN metrics and they are compared using the simulation graphs and they are as given below 

Traffic received in bytes per second 

Traffic received in bytes per second can be used to estimate the total count of bytes sent across the wireless LAN server due to the changed metrics in the second scenario and these values are compared with the normal settings and the respective graph that was obtained is as shown below

In the above graph the blue line indicates the actual traffic received

In the above graph the blue line indicates the actual traffic received due to the unsafe wireless LAN scenarios and the red line indicates the modified and secure wireless LAN scenario. When these lines are compared in the graph it is clear that less amount of traffic is received across the safe wireless LAN settings when compared to the normal scenario. From this indication it can be analyzed that the overall traffic is reduced by changing the settings of wireless LAN and if the total traffic reduced across the network, then the nodes across the network will generate ample packets to the server without any loss and when the first scenario is considered there is more traffic and a maximum value of 750 bytes per second is observed. This value is much greater than the modified scenario where the maximum amount of traffic received is only 150 bytes per second and this indicates that if secure wireless LAN parameters are used, the congestion can be reduced a lot across the network. 

Traffic received in packets per second 

The actual number packets sent across the network indicates amount of flooding across the network and in this process the total traffic received across the network in packets per second for both the scenarios is analyzed and the corresponding graph obtained is as given below

From this graph it is observed that more packets per second

From this graph it is observed that more packets per second are received across the normal scenario when compared to the modified scenario. This analysis can be done such that if there is more traffic received across the network in terms of packets, it indicates that there are chances for flooding and this situation can be eliminated with the implementation of secure wireless LAN parameters. When the second scenario is observed it is clear that a constant rate of traffic is received throughout the simulation process and this value is very less and also the chances for packet flooding is very less. 

Traffic sent in bytes per sec 

Traffic sent indicates the actual traffic sent by the nodes across the MANETs to the destination wireless LAN server. If the traffic sent is more from the nodes it indicates that the communication is unsafe and need a secure way of sending the traffic at a constant rate and in this context the results obtained for both the scenarios is as given below

From this graph it can be observed that the traffic sent is less with

From this graph it can be observed that the traffic sent is less with the secure wireless LAN setting when compared to the normal settings scenario. If the traffic sent in bytes per second is low it can be understood that the chances of network congestion are low and this fact is proved with the secured wireless LAN settings and the actual traffic sent with the normal wireless LAN is more when compared to the secured scenario. 

Traffic sent in packets per second

If more packets are sent across the network by the nodes, then it indicates that the nodes are behaving like the attackers and in this process the actual number of packets sent per second for both the scenarios are analyzed and the resultant comparison graph is as shown below

The average amount of traffic sent in packets per second across

The average amount of traffic sent in packets per second across the two scenarios is given in the above graph. From this graph it can be observed that a very less number of packets are sent across the network by the nodes towards the wireless LAN server and also across this situation the server will be free enough to handle all the client requests and thus the overall congestion on the network can be reduced a lot due to the secure wireless LAN parameters. 

Results against video metrics 

Voice metrics are also used in this results analysis process and only one performance metrics is used in this context and the corresponding graph is as given below. Total traffic sent in bytes per second is analyzed to understand the total amount of traffic sent across the network by both the scenarios is analyzed and the resultant graph is as shown below

From this resultant graph it is observed that the total traffic

From this resultant graph it is observed that the total traffic sent is low with the secure wireless LAN parameters when compared to the normal LAN settings. If the traffic sent by the video application on the network is low it can be concluded that congestion on the network is reduced and also the packet flooding can be minimized when compared to the unsafe wireless LAN parameters. 

Results against Voice application 

Results obtained after comparing the scenarios against the voice metrics is given in this section and the resultant graphs are also shown. Important metrics are used in this context to evaluate the performance of the secure wireless LAN metrics and they are as shown below 

Jitter 

Jitter can also be referred as the packet delay variation and this value indicates the delay of the packets being sent across the network and if the jitter is more the packet are sent at a constant rate and the actual comparison graph obtained in this context is as given below

From the above resultant graph it can be observed that the jitter

From the above resultant graph it can be observed that the jitter value for the modified wireless LAN scenario is more when compared to the normal scenario. From this value it can be understood that the jitter is more with the secure wireless LAN configuration and it indicates that the packet are sent at a constant rate without much delay where the normal scenario has very less jitter and thus the packets are sent with more variation in delay terms and even in this perspective the performance of secured wireless LAN scenario is better when compared to the normal scenario. 

MOS value 

MOS value indicates the quality of the voice application and it should be less enough to ensure more quality. In this context the MOS values are compared for both the scenarios and is given in the form of resultant graph as below

From this graph it can be observed that the MOS value is constant

From this graph it can be observed that the MOS value is constant and also less with the secured wireless LAN configuration when compared to the normal configuration. From this analysis it can be concluded that the quality of the voice application is improved and maintained at a constant rate across the secured wireless LAN when compared to the unsafe wireless LAN. 

Packet end to end delay in seconds 

Packet end to end delay is used to measure the actual delay in sending the packet to the server and if this value is more then it indicates that packets are sent continuously across the network and the resultant graph after comparing the scenarios is as given below

The average packet end to end delay is more with the secured

The average packet end to end delay is more with the secured wireless LAN configuration when compared to the normal configuration. From this it can be understood that the delay is more with the secure wireless LAN configuration and it sends the packets at a slow and constant rate such that there is no packet loss across the network, where the delay is very less with the unsafe wireless LAN and this indicates that packet flooding is achieved across the network and there is ample scope to lose the packets against the wireless LAN server. 

Traffic sent in bytes per second 

The actual amount of traffic sent in bytes per second is shown in the below graph after comparing both the scenarios

Almost same amount of traffic is sent across the network

Almost same amount of traffic is sent across the network for both the scenarios and on a while the overall traffic sent is less with the secure wireless LAN parameters. From this it can be understood that the voice application are more open to the attacks and thus the traffic sent is equal even a secure wireless LAN is implemented and a better optimization is done with enhancing the security of the wireless LAN performance metrics. 

Results against the WLAN metrics 

Wireless LAN metrics are the important metrics used across the simulation and result analysis the resultant graphs obtained after comparing these metrics is as shown below 

Delay 

Delay on the wireless LAN server is evaluated in this section and if the delay is more on the server it indicates that the packets are sent at constant rate and the corresponding flooding is eliminated. The resultant graph of both the scenarios is shown below

From this graph it can be observed that a maximum delay

From this graph it can be observed that a maximum delay is incurred with the secure wireless LAN configuration when compared to the normal configuration. This indicates that if the delay is more means the wireless LAN server is free enough to handle the packets sent from the corresponding clients and also they can be processed accordingly to their own destinations without any loss in packets. The delay with the normal configuration is very less and this situation will make the wireless LAN server busy and it will lose the important data packets sent from different applications.

Medium access delay 

Medium access delay is the important metrics and this value is should be high enough such that the communication patterns are worked as per the defined situations and the resultant graph is as shown below

From the above graph it can be observed that the delay

From the above graph it can be observed that the delay is very less with the normal wireless LAN conditions when compared to the secure wireless LAN. This indicates that the secured wireless LAN parameters are giving ample freedom to the medium in accepting all the networking requests from the corresponding nodes and also the medium can add more nodes and servers with the security provided by the wireless LAN metrics. 

Network load 

Network load plays an important role in estimating the overall performance of the network and in this context the actual load on the network from both the scenario is estimated and the resultant graph is shown below

Load on the network is very high with the normal wireless LAN

Load on the network is very high with the normal wireless LAN metrics when compared to the secure wireless LAN. From this indication it can be understood that, if the load on the network is more due to the unsafe wireless LAN the rest of the nodes stop working and thus the secure wireless LAN metrics are helpful in reducing the load to a maximum extend and even in this context secure wireless LAN performance is more when compared with the ordinary LAN configurations. 

Summary 

When all the scenarios are compared against the performance metrics used, it is observed the performance of the secure wireless LAN is high when compared to the normal wireless LAN configuration. Key aspects like FTP, Voice, Video and Wireless LAN metrics are compared against the scenarios and across all the comparison process the secure wireless LAN parameters has imposed an optimal conditions on the network in terms of routing, traffic sent, traffic received, jitter, load and delay. From this indication it is understood that if the parameters of the wireless LAN are changes to ensure the safety across the network then the overall performance of the network is improved a lot across any application used in the network. Secure wireless LAN settings has ensured a optimal packet delivery ratio, reduced the congestion on the network by minimizing the traffic sent and received across the nodes and thus it is proved that wireless LAN performance is optimized with the required security considerations.

 

Posted on

Indian Automobile Industry Seminar Report

Introduction to Indian Automobile Industry Seminar Topic:

The automobile industry includes different types of automobile companies. Each and every company has its own importance and has developed a lot in the recent time period. This development leads to the heavy competition in the automobile industry and there are many top companies, which are under the automobile industry that sells cars. The companies like Toyota, Ford, Tata Motors, Maruti, Hyundai, Chevrolet, Skoda, Mahindra vehicles, Honda, BMW, Benz suppliers are the top automobile industries in India. These companies are offering different types of cars with high quality, high price, low price and fuel-efficient cars 

But recently in the year 2008 a new car called Tata Nano was introduced by Tata Motors which is the cheapest car in the world and it is one of the greatest achievements of Tata motors which is offering the car only for one lakh Indian rupees (approx. $ 2100 CAD). The automobile industry is playing a significant role within the growth and development of the economic standards of the country.  The automobile industry is the combination of the transport sector as well as the industrial sector and for this reason the automobile industry is playing a vital role in developing these industries 

Consumer behavior is a process of identifying how the individuals buy the products, how they will prefer the products and the reasons why they buy the specific products. Generally, there are different types of factors that will impact the buying behavior of the consumers such as the psychological, social, economical, environmental, anthropological etc.

The buyer or consumer continues to be a mystery.  For this reason, the buyer’s mind has been termed as a black box, which should be opened by the seller to be a successful marketer 

Posted on

Simulation Procedure of Quality of Service in Wireless LAN Using OPNET MODELER

Simulation Procedure

Introduction:                                                   

                           The previous chapter describes the design of the simulation and this chapter concentrates on the explanation of the corresponding simulation process that is implemented in the project. The explanation of the process that is followed to create the scenarios that are required for the simulation is done step by step in this chapter in addition with the other procedures like network configuration, configuration of nodes, configuration of wireless LAN server, setting profile config, application config, mobile config and setting the DES metrics. All these explanations are done to provide a better understanding about the simulation procedure for achieving the aim of project, the respective screen shots are also appended in the sections below. As discussed earlier the simulation of this particular application considers two scenarios and the process involved in creating both the scenarios and the process involved in simulating the scenarios in order to obtain the results is explained clearly in the further sections of this project.

Simulation process of first scenario:          

                             The design chapter of this document already explains about the requirements for the simulation of scenarios, in this scenario the network selected for the simulation is the Mobile Adhoc Network and the sensor nodes needed are selected as the mobile nodes. The number of mobile nodes used for the simulation is taken as 10 and a wireless LAN server is selected as the server which can behave as a sink node and the general settings that are required to forma a required network are as follows:

Simulation process of basic network:

The basic network selected for the simulation of this project is “Mobile Adhoc Network and this section explain the process that is implemented to create a network and to make the basic settings for the network as required. Based on the requirement of the user a new scenario is deployed and renamed as the initial step of the simulation procedure. The steps involved in creating the scenario and the screenshots that explain the process involved is shown below:

  • The file menu is selected by starting the OPNET modeler and new project is chosen.
  • Based on the interest of the user the name of the project and name of the scenario is changed.
  • In order to create a blank scenario “Create blank scenarios” option is selected
  • MANET is selected as the network required for the simulation this is also set as the model family.
  • Campus is selected as the network area required for the simulation
  • 1000 X 1000 square meters is taken as the size of the network and therefore the creation of a fresh scale of network is done and when once all these settings are done, then the network is said to be prepared for using.

                          Once the creation of the basic network is done, at the user interface level the object palette is opened and then the operations needed are dragged from the object palette and dropped on the work space. The object palette that is opened in the simulation is shown using the screen shot given below the shown screen of the object palette also includes the objects that are needed for the simulation of the scenario. 

There will be different kinds of nodes provided

There will be different kinds of nodes provided by the object palette shown above and these nodes ate selected for simulating process through the MANETs and the nodes selected are the process involved in the creation of the network is given below:

  • From the opened object palette a fixed node that is a wireless LAN server is dragged on to the work space and this server will act as a sink node which can handle all the mobile nodes.
  • 10 mobile nodes are selected and dragged on to the work space and these nodes behave as the sensor nodes that are needed.
  • An application configuration node is used for forming the applications that are needed.
  • A profile configuration node is used for the forming of the definitions of profiles.
  • A mobile configuration node is used for providing mobility for the sensor nodes.

                                 All these nodes listed above are dragged from the object palette and placed on the working station and the process of placing these nodes is very easy and very helpful in the creation of the network needed. The setup required for the basic network required for this particular scenario is represented in the screenshot given below and this contains all the required nodes listed above.

The nodes needed for the creation of the network

The nodes needed for the creation of the network are represented in the screenshot given above and the simulation process is set ready when once the network setup is done. The sections below explain the other steps involved in the simulation procedure.

Application definitions process

The above section explains the steps of simulation process involved in the demonstration of the network required for the project and here this section focuses on the settings of application configuration and definitions needed for the simulation of the scenario. The application needed for the simulation is defined by using the application configuration node as discussed in the previous chapter. In this particular scenario three applications are used for the generation of the traffic needed. The three applications used are the FTP, voice and video conferencing and these are used for the generation of TCP traffic across the MANET. This section explains the configuration of the application by creating the FTP, Voice and video conferencing as the applications. The steps given below are followed for the application configuration.

  • The attributes of the application config can be edited by selecting the “Application configuration node” and then by giving right click on that and then by selecting the edit attribute option.
  • While selecting the edit attribute option a window is popped out for processing the editing.
  • Then the attributes required are added for the application

                          The following screen shot will represent the actual process of setting the application configuration. 

procedure that is used for editing attributes

                               The procedure that is used for editing attributes of the application configuration node is shown using the screenshot given above. As the number of applications used in this scenario are three the number of rows parameter is taken as three. Once it is taken as three, the application names should be added and for this separate section are used for entering the name of the applications as FTP, Voice and Video conferencing. After the name of the application is entered the definition of the applications are also entered by selecting the FTP, voice and video from the options available as indicated in the screenshot. At first the application is set to off and then it must be expanded for the application to be activated and it’s a known thing that various kinds of application loads are observed and in this particular scenario the medium load of application is selected for the simulation as viewed in the screen shot. The generation of traffic across the MANET is generated by the medium load of the application and once the required setting are invoked to the application configuration node is completed the setting for the profile configuration node must be done as the very next step and that is explained in the next section.

Profile definition process:

Setting the profile configuration is very much necessary for the simulation procedure in achieving the actual goal of the scenario particularly in generating the traffic across the MANET. The profile definitions and the additional settings must be added to the profile configuration node similar as the editing of application configuration node that is done in the above section. The process followed for making changes to the profile configuration node is explained step by step as follows:

  • Edit attributes option is selected by selecting the profile configuration node placed in the work space and then by giving right click.
  • Once this option of edit attributes is clicked a window gets popped out at the user interface and then the editing of attributes of profile config node is done according to the user requirement. In addition to this the definition of the profile is also appended and this is viewed with the screenshot given below:
This screen shot shows the definition of the profile configuration

This screen shot shows the definition of the profile configuration and the attributes required for the setting of profile configuration node. It is clearly shown in the screen that the number of rows attributes is selected as three. As we used three applications for the simulation of this particular scenario, the number of rows is also taken as three and the profiles must also be selected as three and they are the FTP, Voice and Video profiles. Once these profiles are set the definition of the profile must be added additionally. The profile configuration node has some other settings required to be done and all those are indicated in the screen shot shown already. The additional settings are the parameters required for the simulation of scenario and they are the start time is taken as a constant time values that is 10 seconds and the profile time duration is taken till the profile ends. Similar to the setting of application config, here also the profile configuration is inviked on the entire network when once the setting is completed and this is confirmed just by selecting ok button. Therefore when the settings of application and profile configuration are completed they are allocated to the wireless LAN server and nodes. As a next step to this setting, configuration of mobile nodes and server is done and that is explained in the section below.

Configuration process for mobile nodes and wireless LAN server

It is already discussed that simulation of this scenario across the MANET is done using 10 mobile nodes and a wireless LAN server, the general configuration of the mobile nodes and the server is explained in this section. This step of the simulation process is considered as the most important step in the project. In order to do the simulation of the scenario, all the 10 mobile nodes and the server must be assigned with a routing protocol, and in this particular project OLSR routing protocol is assigned for generating the traffic across the MANET. The process of applying the OLSR routing protocol for the nodes and server includes the following steps.

  • The work station is opened and then all the 10 mobile nodes and the wireless LAN server are selected.
  • Then by right clicking on any of the node, options are opened and from that the edit attributes option is selected.
  • Then the user should select the set routing protocol option from the window opened specially for that node and then choose the required routing protocol in this particular project the OLSR routing protocol is selected

All this process is represented using a screen shot given below:

All the 10 mobile nodes and the wireless LAN server supports the

All the 10 mobile nodes and the wireless LAN server supports the OLSR routing protocol when it is applied to them and that process is shown in the above screenshot. During the selection of the routing protocol for all the nodes and the server there are various routing protocol available as options but only the OLSR routing protocol is selected in this application and once applying of the protocol is completed when once the apply button is selected. Once this process is completed IP addresses must be assigned for them as the next process and this is described in the following section.

IP address allocation Process 

In This section briefs about the process to apply and to allocate the necessary IPaddress to each and every node and all the proceedings is given in step wise in this scenario is given below 

  • We can access OPNET tool and though it we can enter to applications menu and there we can view the IP address option is given.
  • Now from the IP option by using navigation steps where user can easily recognize some of the features before  addresses are allocated to the LAN server and mobile nodes
  • Then we select the option “auto assign IP4” addresses to allocate the concerned IP address to all the nodes existing in this network and the screenshot showing all the above details is specified below
The requirements needed at the work space are selected

The requirements needed at the work space are selected earlier they include mobile nodes and wireless LAN server and this can be observed once the application menu is unleashed .from the above screen we can make certain implementations such as we can open IP protocol menu the next step is to navigate into addressing option and the concerned address is allocated. We may also conclude that from the given screen shot that Auto assign IPv4 addresses option is chosen to allocate the necessary IP’s to all the mobility nodes and LAN server and from here the original settings for application purposes are applied for all the nodes that we come across and the server including the process applied is given in below scenario 

Mobile nodes and wireless LAN server Application Settings

By making sure that entire network is ready for simulation purpose in the 10 mobile nodes and for this a wireless LAN server is required and it is configured for back up in the corresponding application and remaining profile configurations are common as discussed earlier.Here also two methods are there and both of them are given from step to step basis 

  • In the work space given select any one of the mobile nodes  and  any one of the node is randomly selected and it is modified  by choosing its attributes and this can be inferred by right click on the particular node
  • Once the option  “edit attributes” is opted  a window is pop up on the screen of the users in this windows both the application as well as profile settings can be configured
  • The destination preferences  ,profile tabs  of these applications are navigated to set the necessary configuration and the screen shots resembling these settings are given below
From the above screen shot it is decided that the application destination

From the above screen shot it is decided that the application destination preference tab is opened to fix the necessary application and the number of rows is fixed as 3 since three applications are developed for simulation process. Once the application is choose the required servers opted are FTP server, Video server, Voice sever as mentioned in the above screen shot once these settings are completed the actual application supported profiles choice is used to back up the ftp,voice,video profile is developed in the particular configuration time  .as we decided to take 3 rows and ftp,voice,video is choose based on the profile configurations shown in the previous screen and these settings implicated to the opted objects  and this can be viewed in screen shots given  below once the mobile nodes are confirmed to back up the concerned application and its profile now the wireless LAN server is also fixed accordingly and this clearly described in the form of steps

  • Go for the wireless LAN server and the options we automatically suggest is “edit attribute” and modify the desired application and profile characteristic.
  • At present explore the options so that application support services while new window is released to get in to the profile to be supported
  • Append the rows to fix it 3rows simultaneously three profiles are developed in scenario can be viewed.
The assumptions can be made from the above screen

The assumptions can be made from the above screen that three rows can be created and simultaneously three server levels are chosen they are FTP, VOICE, VIDEO servers the necessary profiles to be backed are depends upon its description is fixed as viewed in above screen .Now go for OK button for continuously two times to imply these configurations to the wireless LAN server .As per the studies before  the next process to modify these characteristics to help the deployment to be easy for application and the concern steps e valuate this process

  • Expand the applications menu existing on the high end of the OPNET workspace.
  • It can be noticed that vivid options at this scenario and now select the option  and place it in the concerned choice and for this the screen is given below 
Protocols index is elaborated and from now the application

Protocols index is elaborated and from now the application selection is opened to do deliver the  operations as shown in the up screen .from this image it is guaranteed that the installations applications option is opted for deploy to be done in the network and the next ultimate screen is seen to the users

The definite exploitation process is given in the above screen

The definite exploitation process is given in the above screen and from this screen it can be noticed that all the mobility nodes are lagged towards the supply and the wireless LAN server is lagged around the terminal. The reliability of the installation process can also be verified with the button process reliability as given in below and from here the nodes and three servers to back the applications and the  profiles developed across the simulation fixing the mobility to each and every  nodes is the last place of the total settings and the equivalent process is shown 

 Mobility Process definition

The necessary requirements for developing mobility nodes is all fixed in the mobile nodes  and this can be clearly viewed in the screen shots in the above section this is done by taking the mobile configuration settings. Mobile nodes can be described at this case and this corresponding process applied is also seen below. 

  • Choose the mobile config node and select the edit attributes choice by just click on the node.
  • Ultimately a pop up window opens after this process and the necessary mobility can be fixed as it is fixed in the below screen
As we all can get idea after seeing the screen shot

 As we all can get idea after seeing the screen shot of choosing the mobility node in three different ways one among them is default random waypoint is selected and the required parameters are given in that particular scenario.Random waypoint parameters are fixed into the velocity of the mobile nodes is taken as 100 m/sec. And the pause time is fixed as 0 as shown in the fixed screen and from the screen it can be noticed that start time is defined to be a constant value of steady 10 seconds and the end time is till the conclusion of simulation. Once all these configurations are happened these are simultaneously applicable to all the mobile stuff and the genuine process segt here is given in the scenario below.

  • Go to menu(TOPOLOGY)and select the choice random mobility
  • As the no of options  grow there is scope of setting the choice like fix random mobility and the next screen shot is given
From the screen we viewed it can be noticed

From the screen we viewed it can be noticed that set mobility profile is utilized to fix the required mobile configurations to all the nodes on the system consisting network and this is surfed by the utilization of random mobility option and the original mobile settings is to fix all th configurations on the same network .Now the final lap in the simulation of this context is to fix the individual DES statistics and this procedure is given below.  

Process to choose performance metrics 

The necessity of performance metrics is required to evaluate the performances of the each independent context and also to distinguish the remaining scenarios developed in the simulation process and the original process given is in these scenarios

  •  “set the statistics” is the option choose by right clicking it on the wireless network scenarios
  • Select the individual DES statistics is taken to set the abilities of the concerned metrics and the particular screen is given below
Once the choice is taken a pop up window

Once the choice is taken a pop up window is opened from there the necessary options are given around the capability analysis and the necessary screen is seen

Hence by seeing the screen we can derive that there

Hence by seeing the screen we can derive that there are three levels of metric performances and among the three global statistics are utilized in simulation process and the equivalent metrics is shown below.

As there are three applications in this project

As there are three applications in this project, following are the performance metrics used to evaluate the performance of the proposed secured wireless LAN configuration 

FTP

Following are the performance metrics used for FTP application

  • Traffic received in bytes per sec
  • Traffic received in packets per sec
  • Traffic sent in bytes per sec
  • Traffic sent in packets per sec 

Voice

Following are the performance metrics for Voice application 

  • Jitter
  • MOS
  • Packet end to end delay
  • Traffic sent in byte per sec 

Video

Following are the performance metrics used for video application 

  • Traffic sent in bytes per sec

WLAN

Following are the WLAN metrics used 

  • Delay
  • Network load
  • Medium Access delay
  • Load 

Simulation process of second scenario

This simulation model is similar to the first one which comes with some necessary changes  and the only change in this process is choosing of LAN parameters in the scenario remaining is the exact replica of the first one   and the screen shots give anew idea of this process. Once the necessary system is replicated the necessary configurations are also varied for all the mobility nodal and the wireless LANS server screen shots are given below.

From the above screen shot we can conclude

From the above screen shot we can conclude that few configuration settings are changed for the usage of wireless LAN characteristics of the above screen and the original settings in this scenario is changed listed below 

  • Transmit power is set to 0.020
  • Packet reception power threshold is set to -76
  • RTS threshold is set to 256
  • Fragmentation threshold is set to 256
  • CTS to self option is set to enabled
  • Short retry limit is set to 11
  • Long retry limit is set to 9
  • AP Becon interval is set to 0.02 seconds
  • Max receive life time is set to 1.2
  • Buffer size is set to 64000
  • Roaming capability is set to enabled

Large packet processing is set to fragment

Once both the scenarios are ready to work then the simulation is processed for 5 minutes to acquire the results and the corresponding results is taken the simulation run is described in brief in the future chapters.