Category: ECE and EEE Project Abstracts

This category consists of latest abstracts which can be used for institutions for developing new projects for electrical and electronic final year students. Electronics students can download mini and major projects with abstracts and project reports.

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ECE Project Report on Design Of Power System Stabilizer To Improve Small Signal Stability

Introduction to Design Of Power System Stabilizer To Improve Small Signal Stability Project:

Objective

Power system stabilizer is the remedial solution for changing in the signal which is due to damping in the system. The design followed in constructing such a system has been adopted from Heffron-Phillip’s model. The modified Heffron-Phillip’s model which is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK has proved to be a better option as compared to the conventional power system stabilizer.

Features of Heffron-Phillip’s model

With increasing demand of electricity and ensuring system stability performance at low frequency oscillations, the damping torque needs to be increased. The Heffron-Phillip’s modified model which is based upon Bode-plot technique, does not depend on external parameters.

Single Machine connected Infinite Bus

The model consists of generator excitation system and AC network which is similar.

Modified Heffron-Phillip’s Model

The model is based on linearizing the system. The system establishes a relation between the transfer function for the model and excitation of the system.

Power System Stabilizer

The parameters involved in the system are PSS gain (Ks), Wash out circuit, Compensator and limiter. The form of the system establishes a dependency on the number of the lead-lag stages. In cases of a dynamic compensator the form of the system is equal to the gain.The washout function should be considered while assessing the performance of PSS. The value of this function should be high enough to allow signals to pass through unaffected.

Performance of stabilizer

Single Machine connected Infinite Bus/SMIB test system is used here. Bode plot is drawn comparing the transfer functions. Mathematical equations infer the stabilizer gain for the system.Graphs also depict the fault obtained at the bus containing the transformer. It is cleared by tripping. The comparison of the response in same, strong and weak show variations in power factor but oscillations are effectively damped.

Conclusion

The modified Heffron-Phillip’s model can be used and tested on multi-machine systems.

Download  ECE Project Report on Design Of Power System Stabilizer To Improve Small Signal Stability  .

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Need For Wireless Communication ECE Project Report Final Year

Introduction to Need For Wireless Communication ECE Project:

In today’s world every person is communicating with the use of the remote communication devices. Now the wireless communication has made itself a very important in the minds of the people. So each and every day has become very difficult to people without the wireless communication. Transmission of the data from one medium to another is becoming very importance these days. 

This information can be gained by two ways like wired communication and wireless communication. If the information is to be transferred to a long distance then the wired communication is preferred to be used and for the wireless communication it is exactly vice versa of the wired communication.

The changes done in the devices are the data transmission is now completely uni-directional so now the data can be transferred in completely two different ways. Some of the QWERTY Alphabets are also changed. The dimension of the LCD screen can also be incremented for a better and high definition view. There is a protected connection of the wired local area network. This helps the user to access internet safely. The space between the AM are now brought to 50m. Batteries are made on solar power by which the batteries can be recharged.

This architecture has given the user a great advantage about the communication with the combination of the software’s and the hardware. This device also has the capabilities to work together with the team of the developers. The wires and purely secured devices can be used to all over the world. This idea was shown because of the mini mobile phones.

This is very much controlled by the micro processors by the device and can be more updated by changing the code part of the system. This project has the very bright future development scope. The nature if the project helps the project to increase its publicity in the markets.

Download  Need For Wireless Communication ECE Project Report Final Year.

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Remote Sleep Monitoring and Medical Alarm System Latest ECE Project Abstract

Introduction to Remote Sleep Monitoring and Medical Alarm System Project:

This device called the Remote Sleep Monitoring and the medical alarm is used to send the alarm signals according to the state and small purpose. The purpose to develop this system is to gain the proper advantage of the system that is to transfer the alarm signals. These signals make the sound of the telephone bell alarm that is generated by the wireless receivers in the room.

It contains the attribute called as the Sleep that is a big element which can reproduce the power of the system after going to the sleep mode.  When it goes to the sleep mode like the humans it gains back all the power that it has lost while in working stage. If the sleep is canceled or disturbed then it will affect the power consumption of the device. Here the modem called as the GSM is used highly to get the pulse bandwidth to a single person.

The software required to develop this device is Embedded C, Keil IDE, Uc-Flash, Express PCB and the hardware used to develop this system is Micro-controller, Power supply, Pulse sensor, ZIGBEE transmitter , ZIGBEE receiver and a alarm. This reason to develop this system is to prevent the person by setting the alarm to the care center while the person is in sleeping.

Download  Remote Sleep Monitoring and Medical Alarm System Latest ECE Project Abstract.

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Radio Identification Method Third Year ECE Project Report

Introduction to Radio Identification Method Third Year Project:

This method called the radio identification method is the automatic recognization method which works on saving and replying the data that is retrieved from the Databases by the device named as the RFID. This RFID is such a tag item which is joined or connected to the animal or a product or any person for the reason of identifying it by making the use of the radio waves in it. This RFID is a small tag which has presence of silicon chips and antennae in it. There are two types in the RFID tags namely the Passive Tag and the Active Tag. 

The Passive tag is the tag which has no interconnected power supply. The electric currents are then connected in the antennae’s which are present in the tags. This passive tags works by giving signals by setting it back the carrier path from the user reader. Here the present antennae are compulsory need to be circuited by the incoming signals waves and also by the transmitters too.

Active tags have it own interconnection supply of current in it. This interconnection current is then made in use of getting the outgoing wave signals. The defense system of the united has properly used this system to low down the price and change the production of arm weapons too. 

The latest on working applications of the radio identification method are firstly the passports here this device is to give the passports to the people applying for it. Second is the Transport payments system here payments of the online travelling tickets are made by the means of Credit Cards. Third is the product tracking in which this device is used to track the barcode number of the products which are kept on sale. Automotive and animal identifiers are couple of other applications.   

Download  Radio Identification Method Third Year ECE Project Report.

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Optical Character Recognition Project Report

Introduction to Optical Character Recognition Project:

The project is about Optical Character Recognition. It is a process of classifying optical patterns with respect to alphanumeric or other characters. Optical character recognition process includes segmentation, feature extraction and classification. 

Text capture converts Analog text based resources to digital text resources. And then these converted resources can be used in several ways like searchable text in indexes so as to identify documents or images. 

As the first stage of text capture a scanned image of a page is taken. And this scanned copy will form basis for all other stages. The very next stage involves implementation of technology Optical Character Recognition for converting text content into machine understandable or readable format. 

OCR analysis takes the input as digital image which is printed or hand written and converts it to machine readable digital text format. Then OCR processes the digital image into small components for analysis of finding text or word or character blocks. And again the character blocks are further broken into components and are compared with dictionary of characters. 

Matlab is an environment where problems and solutions can be denoted in terms of mathematical notations. A use of Matlab includes analysis, algorithm development, computation and much more. Matlab is a system where elements are placed in an array but are not required any dimensionless. It helps us to solve our problem in no time and provides an easy solution. 

The OCR text is written into a pure text file that is then imported again to a search engine. The text is used as index searching of the information. Accuracy rates are measured in several ways and the ways they are measured impact the accuracy rate.

Download  Optical Character Recognition Project Report.

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ECE Project Report on Speed Generator

Introduction to Speed Generator Project:

The demand of electricity is increasing enormously in these days. In order meet this requirement there is immediate action to be taken in order to produce electrical power as many ways as possible. Hence speed breaker generator comes with the intention to provide the electricity involving the simplest methods of operations and easy mechanism of converting mechanical energy to electrical energy by means of speed bumps or speed breakers.

The potential energy is taken from the object passing on the speed breaker the interior of the speed breaker is placed with an alternator, providing the mechanical stress exerted by the object as an input potential energy and the output generated power is stored in the batteries and then it utilized for the further applications including industrial and primary consumer needs at a cheapest cost.

The amount of power generation depends upon the steam of vehicles passing over the breaker, a steady and constant flow of objects over breaker can generate power within a margin of 1000-3600watts of power. Here in this paper we provide the basic concepts of power generation using speed breakers .this process gives us the most economical means of power generation with easy maintenance with utmost reliability.

The three main mechanisms are Crank-shaft mechanism, Roller mechanism, Rack- Pinion mechanism. These three mechanisms works under basic principle that” converting mechanical energy (the potential energy taken from the vehicles) into electrical output energy. In this particular paper we discuss about the various kinds of materials used, different kinds of tools and their assembly, the advantages and what are the modifications are to make in order produce higher quantity of electricity and reliable electricity using advanced technology.

Future scope:

In order to achieve higher outputs with high power efficiency the speed breaker should be designed for the heavy vehicles with an intention to provide high mechanical torque to the shaft of the generator.

Download  ECE Project Report on Speed Generator.

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B.Tech ECE Project Idea and Report on Intelligent Traffic Control using PLC

Introduction to Project Idea and Report on Intelligent Traffic Control using PLC :

These days along with the increasing demand in utilization of automobiles across the globe it’s became a heavy burden upon traffic control authorities in order to control the abnormal traffic occurring on roads. Human technology invented oa tool to control the traffic by introducing traffic signals controlled by well designed technique called programmable logic controller (PLC).

Automation technologies are gaining reputation in this era, the human efforts are reducing in the road traffic control systems. These artificial intelligent systems undergoing serious research in order to provide the better solutions.

Our project gives a unique solution for the over traffic occurring in these days. In this we use Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). PLC is the most suitable controller for the current traffic problems. Before the invention of PLC the controlling operations in automobiles are done by using timers, counters and relays.

The total circuit became complex in those days now due to invention of programmable logic controller which is nothing but an digital computer make an easy path way for these operations. Our PLC technology is very beneficial when compared to others like relays, timers etc. It is a highly reliable, easily maintained with minimum risk content, less complexity with small size, the initial cost and maintained at a very low cost, programming and reprogramming the plant can be performed.

The basic operation principle of the traffic controller is fed to the controller by means of program under certain conditions. The soft ware used here is LOGO! Soft Comfort V5.0 it’s a user friendly interface uses either a ladder method or functional block method. Its works based on the conditions given i.e.; individual censors are placed at individual lanes operated at different time intervals depends upon the number of vehicles present in that particular lane. The basic working elements and conditions are programmed which are elaborated in this paper.

Download  B.Tech ECE Project Idea and Report on Intelligent Traffic Control using PLC .

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ECE Presentation Report on Fully Adaptive Approach to Smart Antennas

Introduction to Presentation Report on Fully Adaptive Approach to Smart Antennas:

Smart antennas are latest revolutionary future for the wireless communications in the coming days .the main aim of smart antenna is to increase the gain of antenna in desired direction Smart antennas consists of a antenna array that changes array pattern in response to signal environment in order improve the communication system, recent days the mobile communication has developed rapidly by the invention CDMA and GSM technologies along with the new technology these antenna find applications in radar, cellular wireless networks, and mainly satellite systems.

And coming to their advantages they had wide range extension, less time dispersion, multiple access interference, and multiple path management. Smart antennas is developed right from the root, they are two types of antennas kindly switched beam antenna and adaptive array antenna.

In first kind the antenna systems detect the signal strength from several fixed beams and the switch chooses the predetermine beam randomly from several fixed beams when the mobile passes through the sector, while in the adaptive array antennas provides optimal gain by operating simultaneously, tracking and minimizing the interfering signals. In order to work towards goal for better coverage and spectral efficiency the most important areas to be concerned is frequency planning, power control, Modulation and coding, Sectorization. These can be explained in detail below.

 While considering the terms like integration, range/coverage, interference the adaptive array has its own advantages when compared with switched beam antennas is better in nullifying the interference signals, high range and coverage area, less hardware redundancy. INTELLICELL architecture is explained along with its remedies.

Future scope:

The existing space division multiple access (SDMA) can be developed to a range where more than one user can allocated to the same communication channels simultaneously in the same cell just by separation of angle only there by increasing the capacity of the entire communication system.

Download  ECE Presentation Report on Fully Adaptive Approach to Smart Antennas.

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ECE Project Topic on Load Monitoring and Breaker with Digital Display Using Microcontroller

Introduction to ECE Project Topic on Load Monitoring and Breaker with Digital Display Using Microcontroller:

In this paper Load monitoring and breaker with digital display using microcontroller we discuss mainly the method to solve the problems caused due the flow of over currents in electrical equipment. The main aim of our project is controlling and coordinating the flow of over currents, inrush currents to safer limit. The system consist of load current sensing circuit, comprises of two major components current transformer ,A/D converter, half wave rectifier and filter.

The current transformer is basically step up transformer the secondary side output of the CT always varies in accordance with the load current from its primary side and then this variable analog voltage is converted into digital pulses. And passes it to micro controller and this signal gets amplified using a half wave rectifier and filter.  The Micro-controller unit used in our project is based on ATMEL 89C51 Micro-controller chip design. The ATMEL AT89C51 has low power with higher performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM).

The chip technology used here is CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) logic technology is the combination of both NMOS and PMOS will provide us high flexibility with minimum investment and multiple computing. The required operation conditions are programmed in micro controller chip. The output of the micro controller is connected to the digital display where we note the readings.

The current transformer is designed to deliver power a of 1 Amp,230V AC at the secondary side, and the expected  Primary is designed to operate at 13V AC and it takes nearly 22Amps continuously when the current transformer is fully loaded. Our project work “Load monitor and Breaker with Digital Display using Micro-controller” is well designed, tested, undergone practical verification. This paper addressed a new way monitor the conditions under overload conditions, they can be periodically update the conditions by storing the previous data. in future by increasing the diameter of the primary  coil of the current transformer we can improve current ratings.

Download  ECE Project Topic on Load Monitoring and Breaker with Digital Display Using Microcontroller.

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Lasers for Wireless Power Transmission Final Year ECE Project Report

Introduction to Lasers for Wireless Power Transmission Final Year:

Wireless Power Transmission trough Lasers by using lunar-solar tracking system is proposed in this paper. As per studies most of the electrical energy transfer is through conducting wires. And most of energy is wasted during transmission of electricity in the form of losses, on an average of 30% less populated countries, and about 40% in densely populated country like India. This major drawback in electrical transmission paved a way for the development of Wireless Power Transmission by using lasers. In near future we can see the world with wireless transmission.

In order make the power transmission reliable, fast, at low operation cost for primary and secondary distribution networks. Lasers are directional and coherent maintaining same intensity for longer distances easily maintained had several advantages over other wireless power transmission techniques in the areas of far field energy transfer.

Here in our project we make use renewable energy resource to greater extent, by using solar cells which are designed to overcome the surplus production of electricity in the absence of sunlight, these photo cells are placed in space such that they can receive suns energy in day and lunar energy during night, and also they can move according light density. The efficiency will be increased up to 90% by using these photo voltaic cells.

The working principle  is the solar cells absorb the lunar rays and generates electricity and this generated electricity is converted into light energy in the form of lasers and transmitted over desired distances and The light energy is then converted into electrical energy by using photovoltaic cells or panels. These cells are used to receive the light rays and then convert into electrical energy. The energy produced is then boosted by boost converter and transmitted to desired loads.

The total circuit hardware includes power supply, micro controller, solar panel, stepper motor, LDR, laser beams. The entire circuit assembly, project operation and performance will be discussed clearly in following sections.

Download  Lasers for Wireless Power Transmission Final Year ECE Project Report.