Category: Embedded System Abstracts

Introduction to Temperature Monitoring System Using AT89C51 Project:

The proposed design is to provide industrial automation is useful for monitoring the temperature of the devices. This is a low cost circuit which is efficient for detecting the temperature changes in the industrial equipment. A microcontroller is used which monitors are the components according to the given message, with the sensed information sent from the sensors. In this paper we will discuss about microcontroller based design can regulate the temperature changes in the equipment used in industries.

Circuit design and working:

The circuit unit consists of SL100 which is a 3 pin centigrade sensor IC is connected to microcontroller unit which measures the radiations emitted from the devices. A signal conditioning circuit is used for energizing the signal coming from the sensors. Here a transmitting and a receiving circuit is used for which measures the temperature changes and sends to the transmitting room.

The temperature sensor transmits analog information so to convert it into digital information we use ADC0809. The AT89C51 microcontroller   design is advantages that it requires only less voltage for its working and it can even operate at high voltage working environment. We use a 7 segment display which gets the input from the microcontroller and displays the temperature. The keil software is very advantageous in programming flash memories. To connect the serial lines over the parallel lines we use keil software which is capable for providing serial to parallel communication. Here we use a printed circuit board and we use soldering process for fixing the hardware components.

Applications and future scope:

These kind of devices can be used in home automation systems for controlling the appliances. These have very negligible chances for the errors to occur and we can reduce usage of manpower for performing this kind of activities. These are very useful devices in industries for monitoring the sudden changes occurring in the devices.

Download  Temperature Monitoring System Using AT89C51 ECE Project Report.

Introduction to 3 Phase Appliance Protector Electrical Engineering Project:

In many industries we find 3 phase motors for running different equipment. The three phase are less expensive and they can be started easily when compared to that of DC motors. The three phase motors are very sensitive and they get damaged when any of the phases does not work and they draw huge currents to the load from the available two phase which causes breakdown. To avoid this we will use single phase preventer to avoid the damages caused due to phase faults. In this paper we will see how the single phasing preventer works and how is it connected to the three phase appliances.

Brief on working of single phasing preventer:

In three phase motors if any of the phase fails the other two phases make the fields to produce the required torque for the load which damages the appliance. The single phasing preventer uses a IC NE555 for driving the relays. In this two phases are connected to the relays and there are connect in such a way that they act as a enabling device for the other when one relay is energized.

The relays are connected serially so as to obtain a AND gate logic which makes the device on when both the inputs are high. The availability of the one phase makes the other two phases to get on by the IC, if any of the phases fails then the other phases does not get on. So this prevents the other two phases to get available to the appliance and the device gets off automatically.

Advantages of using single phasing preventers:

This is a efficient device which automatically makes the appliance off when any of the phase does not work which prevents the device from getting damaged. This device is a low cost and it has only a delay of 4 seconds to make the appliance off when a phase failure is detected. 

Download  3 Phase Appliance Protector Electrical Engineering Final Year Project Report.

Introduction to Feedback Linearization Method for Improvement of Power Systems Transient Stability Mini Project:

Any device cannot give 100 percent output from the given input. All the devices which we are using are cable of give two thirds of the supplied input as output. So we need to increase the output efficiency and there are various methods for improving the output efficiency of the device. By using these techniques we cannot get 100 percent output but we can get better maximized output. In this paper we will discuss feedback linearization method which is used for increasing the output stability of power systems.

Brief of feedback models:

In feedback method we will check the output of the device and based on the result we will make a feedback which improves its output efficiency. For controlling of nonlinear systems the feedback linearization method is best one. By using a certain control point we can convert the nonlinear systems into linear systems. We use linear control techniques and algebraic transformations for making the conversion from non linear to linear systems.

To model the power system we use a multi variable non linear controller. Multi variable non linear controller is designed based on the concept of feedback linearization which con improves the transient stability of the power systems and we can control voltage regulations even at fault conditions. The controller enhances the swing stability and damping occurring at larger disturbances which increases the terminal voltage regulation. In power systems the operating points change very frequently so by linearization method we can control the varying operating points.

Conclusions:

The feedback linearization method is the best one for improving the transient stability of the power systems and they can control the varying operating points through linearization which is not possible by conventional methods. This is the most efficient method for maximizing the output of the device. By using feedbacks we can control the output by using a controller and it can be varied by changing the input parameters.

Download  Feedback Linearization Method for Improvement of Power Systems Transient Stability Mini Project Report.

This project aims at developing a fully automated industrial process. Automatic control plays a crucial role in designing advanced devices and even for running of devices in the industries. This project aims at designing automation system which monitors the working of the devices and gives an alarm in case of emergencies. In this paper we will see the working of the conveyer belt model design for carrying coal. The automation program systems are designed by crouzet PLC units.

Brief of working model:

In this we will design a conveyer belt automation system which carries coal and by using a sensor we will detect large coal particles and are removed. We use a crouzet cd12 PLC which is a compact controller and it uses a ladder program for automation. To run the conveyer belt we will use two DC motors and for ejecting the large coal particles we will use another dc motor. The sensor senses large coal particles and it passé the information to the PLC and it drives the ejecting device for removing the large coal particles.

To make the motors on and off based on the signal given from the PLC we use relays which can automatically turn on and off based on the signal pulse. L293D driver IC is used for transferring the signal sent from the plc to the motor. The entire design works a power supply of 24V.

Conclusions:

These kinds of automation devices are very useful for designing advanced systems. This type automation system can reduce the usage of manpower in industries and it can easily monitor all the equipment in the industry. By using this kind of automation systems we can increase the accuracy and there are very negligible chances for errors to occur.

Download  Faulty Material Identification Using PLC Electronics Project Abstract.

Introduction to Four Quadrant Chopper Drive for Dc Motor Electronics Project:

There are various methods for controlling the speed of the DC motor but they require huge equipment and they require high additional costs. The proposed method is a four quadrant chopper method which is used for controlling the speed of the DC motor and it is operated by using a microcontroller. By using this method the various in the speed can be adjusted automatically by the microcontroller. In this paper we will see how the microcontroller based design is implemented using a chopper method.

Brief on the working model and design:

In four quadrant operation we find operating modes and in each operating mode the characteristics of the motor changes. In forward motoring mode the current passes through the shafts and the machine tools and the current flows in opposition to the emf induced due to which the torque gets developed. In regenerative breaking mode the torque gets developed in opposition to the current due to which the breaking action gets applied on the motor.

Here the supplied with the control keys like reverse motoring, forward motoring, reverse and forward breaking and incrementing and decrementing and the operator can use any of these for controlling the motor. Here a PWM converter is used which varies the speed of the motor and the input is given to it using a keypad.  To drive the chopper device we use a IGBT drive circuit. For this design we will be using an 89C51 microcontroller which has 8KB of flash memory which is best suited for programming our application. The microcontroller program is written in embedded c and is loaded into the flash memory by using keil software.

Conclusions:

The proposed design of chopper method speed control device can even work under large currents. This is effective and the reliable design for controlling the speed of motor. As we are using a microcontroller design the speed adjustments are made automatically. This type of device can also be used in industries for controlling the devices.

Download  Four Quadrant Chopper Drive for Dc Motor Electronics Full Project Report.

Introduction to Electronics Project Design and Development on Robot Firefighter:

Now a days we find fire accidents occurring very frequently in shopping malls and in big constructions. It is very difficult for the fire safety people to extinguish the fire by finding the occurrence of fire. So we use robots which can go into the fire occurred buildings and can give information to the fire people where the fire getting increased. In this we use parallax robots which are used for designing fire fighters because they can move easily in mock rooms. In this paper we will see how the firefighter robot will work and how it transmits information to the fire safety people.

Brief on working model:

The robot is attached with a DS1620 temperature sensor which measures the varying temperatures and sends information accordingly. The fire fighter robot is made to move around and it measures the varying temperature in that area and if it finds the temperature greater than the set temperature it stops and sends the information to the fire safety people.

For transmitting the information we use infrared transmitter which can transmit signals in a particular length. The robot is programmed in such a way that it measures the temperatures and makes a move accordingly but if it finds the temperature greater than the set temperature then it stops and sends the location through IR transmitter. For the movement of the robot on the wheels we use a DC motor.

Conclusions:

By using this king of fire fighter robots we can extinguish the fire easily as we can know the exact area of fire penetration. We use infrared signals because they are effective for short communication and can withstand high temperatures. This model can be further developed by using a controller by making the robot to move to move according to our instructions and a camera can also be fixed in front of it.

Introduction to Safety Guard for Vehicles and Traffic Management Using Fuzzy Logic Project:

The proposed design is based on fuzzy logic which is used for guiding the vehicle to find the obstacles on the road. The fuzzy logic is implanted in the areas where there is less information and where there is lack of information so as to get a possible outcome. In this paper we will see how fuzzy logic is implemented in our model for guiding the vehicle to find obstacles. We will also look into the design of the proposed model and the areas of implementation of fuzzy logic.

Working model and fuzzy logic implementation:

In fuzzy controller to make decisions we use a fuzzification interface which determines the input and output variables and map them accordingly. In the controller we find a knowledge base which contains the domain information and it make decisions based on the domain knowledge. We use a defuzzification interface for converting the fuzzy output into a value. To find the obstacles coming on the road we use an ultrasonic sensor which detects the obstacles and give the distance of the obstacle. Here in this design we find a transmitter section and a receiver section.

We use a LCD which displays the distance of the obstacle and zonal alarm is placed in the model which displays the areas like schools and hospitals so as that the vehicle can slow down in these areas. So to reduce the tension for the driver to make decisions when there is obstacle or in heavy traffic areas the fuzzy logic is used which gives us the responses based on the situation and automatically controls the speed of the vehicle and displays the schools or hospital areas.

Advantages and applications:

This logic is implemented in the areas we don’t find the required information to make a possible outcome. These are used in various fields and these are use in providing navigation for the robots which are in unknown environment.

Download  Safety Guard for Vehicles and Traffic Management Using Fuzzy Logic ECE Project Report.

Introduction to Energy Theft Detector Electronics Project:

The proposed design is to identify the theft energy in the power lines. This design is a microcontroller based design which identifies the users who are illegally using the power. Radio communication is used in between the consumer who user power and substation where the theft identification is monitored. In this paper we will look into the theft detector design and how these are employed in power lines for identifying the theft energy.

Brief on the design and the working model:

The entire design consists of two parts one is the mechanism for identifying the theft energy in the consumer place and the other is to transmit the information regarding theft identification to the substation using radio communication. The microcontroller present at the receiver will decode the information for monitoring. Here a touch sensor or a electrostatic sensor is provided in the meter and

when the user open it due to electrostatic charge present in the human body energizes the transistor and it drives the relay present and transmits a signal with the help of the FM transmitter and at the receiver the signal will be decode by the microcontroller which displays the address of the meter. A 8051 microcontroller is used for monitoring the received signal at the receiver. Analog to digital converters are used so as to convert the incoming analog signal to digital signal and is fed to the microcontroller.

Advantages:

This entire design is available at a low cost and it can be easily installed in the meters. It consumes very less power for its functioning and it can work continuously without any interruption. This is an efficient device for identifying the energy theft identification in the he rural areas. If the number of users increases then the frequencies may not be sufficient so the carrier levels has to varied from region to region. 

In this paper we will discuss about the working remote controllable room architecture which is possible by reducing standing power which in turn reduces the energy consumption. The power controller is designed by using embedded systems with microcontroller functionality. By using this we can efficiently manage the power outlets. By using various sensors we can detect the usage and based on that the load elements get on. We use a controller which automatically reduces the standby power when there are variations in power flow.

Room architecture and microcontroller working:

We find light sensors, temperature and humidity sensors which sense the information of the room and pass it to the microcontroller. To the microcontroller we connect different appliances through a relay. Based on the sensed information given by the sensors the microcontroller makes the appliances to turn on or off. To drive the relays we will use an pre ULN 2003 drive which gives the required motion for the relay.

We use a pic16F877A microcontroller which has additional features which is suited for our design requirement. It has a 16 bit timer and 10 bit ADC and 256 bytes of EEPROM memory and it executes the code at the speed of 1microsecond which is faster than a microcontroller execution. We can code the microcontroller using c language and the program is loaded into the microcontroller using PIC flash.

Future scope:

The proposed model can be implemented to a single room.  By using this model we can reduce the usage of power flowing to the appliances and this model is available at a low cost. We can design this model by using wireless communication through Zigbee protocol and we can interconnect rooms through servers. Thus we can conclude that the proposed model works efficiently in saving power in room architecture.

Download  Development of Energy Management and Warning System for Resident ECE Project Report.

Introduction to Embedded System Based Implementation of Drip Irrigation Project:

Due to insufficient rains and lack of proper storage reservoirs there is a need to use the limited water resources effectively. By using drip irrigation system the water the wastage of water gets reduced as the water is directly supplied near the roots. But it is very difficult to supply water only where there is a requirement, so by using an embedded based microcontroller design it is possible. In this paper we will look into the design of system which monitors the drips present in the farm.

Brief on the design and working:

To make a design we should look into the type of soil and the amount of water to be supplied for each plant and the time intervals to follow for supplying water. We will be using temperature and moisture sensors which will be buried under the soil each line of drip. When the temperature and the moisture are reached to the required point then they transmit a signal to the microcontroller which drives the relays by making the pipe valves to turn off.

For this design we will be using an 89C51 microcontroller which has 8KB of flash memory which is best suited for programming our application. The microcontroller program is written in embedded c and is loaded into the flash memory by using keil software. A DC motor is used for regulating the flow of water through the pipes.  A LCD is connected to the microcontroller which displays the lines where the drips are on. Amplifiers are connected to the sensors so as to energize the out coming signal the sensors.

Advantages:

This design is a low cost model and it can be easily installed. By employing this design we can reduce manpower and we can look after the water supply very easily. By using drip irrigation the wastage of water gets reduced and by supplying required amount of water to the plants we can yield more. This is error free design as we are using a microcontroller for monitoring the system.

 Download  Embedded System Based Implementation of Drip Irrigation ECE Project Abstract.