Category: Embedded System Abstracts

Electronics and electrical final year students can select best topic form embedded system abstracts listed below. Embedded system projects listed here are for free download. Students can select topic for mini and major projects on embedded systems.

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Real Time Pedestration Detection and Tracking at Night Time for Driver Assistance Systems

Introduction to driver assistance systems:

Because of accidents the pedestrians are the most affected people. It is very difficult for the drivers to detect the people crossing the roads during night times. The proposed system is a driver assistance system which detects the pedestrians crossing the roads and gives an alarm to the driver so that he can decrease the speed of the vehicle. In this paper we will see the design and the working model of the driver assistance system.

Working model and design:

We will use an 89C52 microcontroller which is the heart of the design and it controls the flow of signals to the components. To detect the pedestrians we will employ an infrared sensor which can track the object and past the information to the microcontroller. A software program is loaded into the microcontroller so as to give the buzzer based on the information given by the sensor. The program is written using embedded c and is loaded into the microcontroller ROM using keil software. This device is placed in front of the vehicle and when the device is switched on the sensor starts working. The entire device is provided with a 5V dc power supply by using a battery source.. The keil software is capable for programming flash memories.

Advantages:

This is very efficient device for tracking or detecting the pedestrians walking during night time and avoids the occurrence of accidents. This device gives a alarm so that the diver gets alert. This device can be developed by using automatic break system which stops the car automatically when a obstacle is detected.

Download  Real Time Pedestration Detection and Tracking at Night Time for Driver Assistance Systems  Project Report.

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Electronics In Biomedical and Instrumentation Project Abstract for ECE Final Year Students

Introduction to Electronics In Biomedical and Instrumentation Project:

The development in medical field led to the use of electronic devices for making a better and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Electronics and instrumentation engineers design the required equipment for biomedical field. Biomedical medical engineering is application which consists of engineering principles which are used for analyzing the problems in medical and biological sciences so as to provide a better diagnosis. In this paper we will look into the equipment which are being used for performing tests and about the devices which are used in treatment.

Brief on usage of electronics in biomedical fields:

Depending upon the usage of the electronic equipment in the biomedical we classify them. We use ECG, MRI and CTSCAN for making a diagnosis of the tissues present in the body and based on these reports the doctors analyze the damage. These devices consist of electrodes which transmit signals on the body of the human being, based on the interface and impedance of the signal on the human body the diagnosis is made.

Now days the doctors are performing the operations by a process called as laparoscopic where the electronic device is injected into the body through a nerve and it treats the affected area. Research is going on in the fields of tissue engineering where a artificial tissue can be created by using electronic equipment. Genetic engineering is the study of DNA structure and we can manipulate the genetic material of DNA and inject required material.

Advantages:

By using the electronic equipment we can make a better diagnosis for give a proper treatment. By using laparoscopic methods we can perform the operations exactly on the affected areas with a little loss of blood. By making a research in genetic fields we can develop hybrid crops which yield more and have high resistance towards pests.

Download  Electronics In Biomedical and Instrumentation Project Abstract for ECE Final Year Students.

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Target Detecting Android Embedded System Project for Final Year Students

Introduction to Target Detecting Android Embedded System Project:

In these days everything is automated for facing the new challenges the new technologies must be developed. In these days automated systems have less operability and reliability, flexibility and accuracy due to the demand of these automated systems is increased.

In the field electronic systems the worth and value of automated systems is very high and giving good performance. In this present war situation these robots are very useful to reduce the human losses and money. Example of this system is target detecting. The automated system is here for detecting the targets. It is developed using embedded system with micro controller. The robot moves whenever required.

This robot also contains embedded IR sensors for detecting obstacles and fire and anything in its way. This robot contains motors with help of this motors the robot moves flexibly and in any direction we want. The micro controller controls all the units in this system. That means it guides the system what to do whenever it counters a situation. If any obstacle commences in its way the obstacle is detected with help of IR sensors and the signal transmitted over the wires to IR receiver and the micro controller sends the instruction to the robot and moves the robot in another direction.

The hardware in this robot is a micro controller and motor and motor drivers body shell. This system can be used where we to find the accurate results and to reduce human efforts.

This system of target detecting can be developed using android OS so it can remotely configured using the android mobile. The system is very useful for this new trend of robots.

Download  Target Detecting Android Embedded System Project for Final Year Students.

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DMA Controller ECE Project Report

Introduction to DMA Controller ECE Project:

DMA controller is a device which controls the system to directly transfer the information from one peripheral to another. The controlling is necessary because the data move very fastly even faster than a particle. For example take a black and with picture with 256 and 240 vertical and horizontal dots respectively then  the picture is scanned twice that means 60 times every second when this dots are represented double on display. 256×240=61400 bits of information scanning of these bits twice means two microseconds for every bit.

For this process of fetching every time the memory and time also wasted. To avoid all this problems the data should be stored on onboard memory with built in scanning technique. This can be achieved by maintaining a ram and vram. The frame buffer refreshes every time when the data is accessed. DMA takes control over system bus and produces its own address and control’s information of system bus. Due to narrow timing constraints it is not suitable for scanning video for regular display. DMA is used regularly when the picture is transferred from regular memory frame buffer. It gains control over the processor which are using bus.  Intel 82357 DMA controller is used to control the transfer services. It has 40-pins. By maintaining several DMA chips together any number channels can be supported.

DMA Data Transfer:

DMA transfer can be triggered in two ways they are

  • By Software
  • By Hardware

Software:

                   When the process is executing DMA buffer is allocated and hardware is instructed to transfer the data in buffer the hardware writes the data and raises an interrupt and it is received by interrupt handler and it is handled.

Hardware:

                   The hardware notifies a new data is received. The interrupt handler asks the hardware where to transfer the data. The device writes the data and notifies once again.

Download  DMA Controller ECE Project Report.

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Food Waste Disposal Machine ECE Project Report

This paper presents a new concept in food waste management; due to lack of awareness among people resulting disasters management of wastes so in this paper we addressed the adverse effects caused due to improper management of   material wastes, in order to minimize the socio-economical conditions, environmental effects, human health hazards.

These unused, unwanted human garbage’s/junks are to be properly managed in order to reduce the negative impacts on environment and society, to generate minimum amount of wastages, and to achieve practical benefits.

They are two types of wastes, degradable and non degradable wastes, the degradable wastes comes under plants, livings organisms etc, where as the non degradable comes under the artificial wastes like plastics which cannot be decomposed.

The sources of these wastes are mainly domestic wastes, commercial wastes, animal wastes, electronic wastes, industrial wastes, hazardous nuclear wastes, and bio medical wastes.

These wastes are to be disposed properly or recycled, we a better recycling phenomenon in this project by implementing food waste disposal machine which the re uses these wastes in the form of fertilizers, by grinding the unused food materials and make it dry and feed to the plants in the form of fertilizers.

This project mainly consists of a relay, limit switch, IR sensor, induction and dc motors including transmitter and receiver sections operates at 12v dc supply, the input of this system is connected to any waste dumping systems like dish wash tubs,  and other garbage disposal, sewage disposal units, depending on the conditions of operation, these wastes are taken into the disposal system by means of an conveyor belt  and after processing the  recycled waste is feed to the plants,  the overall intent of this project is to provide the basic awareness in the minds of people  about the utilization of wastage’s for useful purposes, by separating these wastes at the source level itself.  

Download  Food Waste Disposal Machine ECE Project Report.

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Density Sensed Street Light Intensity Control To Save Energy ECE Project Report

Introduction to Density Sensed Street Light Intensity Control To Save Energy Project:

In this paper we present a new concept on controlling the street lights intensity based on the density of the traffic, our main objective is to save the un-used energy electrical energy in street lights management, we can’t control the intensity of conventional High intensity discharge lamp (HID) using in present situations, so in order to control and regulate the light intensity now a day’s LED’s are replacing these ordinary discharge lamps, implementing pulse width modulation technique  in sensing the densities of the moving vehicles, as the number of vehicles are high then the corresponding intensity of the light in that particular lane is maintained high and vice versa; this dynamic approach in varying the light intensity minimizes the wastage of electrical energy. This entire operation is controlled by micro controller in which the entire scenario is programmed and stored.

Everywhere throughout the world at present humans are deeply poised by the comforts provided due to the advancement of technology in each and every aspect, in the development of the virtual mechanisms embedded systems are playing an vital role in controlling and coordinating various systems by the help of micro controllers and micro processors, these embedded systems are the micro controller based real time control system operated using specified software.

Coming to description of our project the proposed system consists of an AT89S52 Microcontroller, white light emitting LED’s, light dependent resistors (LDR), Rectifier, Filter, with an primary step down Transformer (230 – 12 V AC), and a Voltage Regulator (LM 7805), initially the 230v ac from the supply mains is to be stepped down to 12 v and this 12v output from the transformer to be rectified in 5v dc using an bridge rectifier, in order to achieve regulation an voltage regulator is provided, the total assembly and operation is clearly explained in coming sections.

Our project is experimentally verified and the results revealed that this system is applicable in real time controlling, with less complexity, low power consumption maximum reliability, applicable in traffic control systems.

Download  Density Sensed Street Light Intensity Control To Save Energy ECE Project Report.

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Microcontroller Based Home Security System ECE Project Report

Introduction to Microcontroller Based Home Security System Project:

Microcontroller based home security system is a new revolutionary concept which is attracting everyone’s attention in recent times. With an intent to provide security right from household purpose to small, medium, large scale industries including  security  in  military organizations.

This paper address a new technology that had numerous applications in the field of security, these devices operate automatically due the interruption caused in the path followed by the infra red rays.  Having an ideology to protect our houses and valuables we implemented this concept in this the transmitter emits infra red radiations continuously to the receiver section whenever there is an interruption in the IR radiation the relay senses it passes signal to the  micro controller, the micro controller operates the siren blows.

The alignment of transmitter and receiver are such that the IR rays directly falls on to the phototransistor LI4GI which is placed on the receiver, the obtained signal is amplified by the operational amplifier µA741followed by the receiver, the micro controller used in this circuit which is the heart of this system  is an low power, high performance AT89C51 CMOS 8-bit microcontroller along with 4Kbytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM) capable of producing accurate timing pulses operates under mono stable condition.

In this circuit NE555 IC is used to achieve High Current Drive Capability, Duty Cycle adjustments with temperature stability of 0.005% per every centigrade. The switching section consists of a relay operated at 12v for this purpose BC547 transistor is used as a driver. From overall considerations it is quite different from ordinary conventional security systems with are operated manually.

These security devices are highly applicable in defense areas, security zones like research laboratories and scientific installations, the only disadvantage is that it operates in the presence of electricity an alternate power supply must be always ready will these security systems while  operating.

Download  Microcontroller Based Home Security System ECE Project Report.

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ECE Minor Project Report on Automatic Night Lamp with Morning Alarm

In this paper we implemented Automatic Night Lamp with Morning Alarm System with intent to save time for the busy and energy for senior citizens, in this busy world technology is providing comforts to mankind in many ways from tip to toe, in our project an automatic LED is switched on whenever there is darkness in the room for this we provide an sensor called light dependent resistor (LDR), which senses the variations in the surrounding light, whenever there is enough light this LDR offers high resistance at the terminals of the LED, when there is enough darkness  this LDR behaves as an low resistance path and the LED switched ON.

This system provided with an alarm if necessary when it detects the sunlight, This LDR operates as a biasing resistor in between the electric supply and light, the transistor acts as a relay switch, this kit operates at 12v/750mA, for this we need to step down the supply voltage to 12v by using a step down transformer, along with the bridge rectifier to produce rectified 12v dc output, in order to maintain better voltage regulation an voltage regulator is provided across the circuit,  the various components used in our circuit are  the integrated circuits IC 7806,IC NE555,UM66, BC 548 Transistor  switch,  various Diodes IN4007, IN4001, Resistors of 1K,150K,120K,220Ω,580Ω,560Ω, Capacitors 1000µF,0.01µF, along with an 9V battery supply.

The components assembly and there functions characteristics are elaborated in the circuit explanation section, in the room. This LED serves as a bed lamp and in the morning the LED switches itself OFF and alarm sounds to wake the user. This alarm can be manually operated. 

 Our Automatic Night Lamp system is highly sensitive; Works in accordance with light intensity, minimum cost and maximum reliable, based up on the requirement this circuit can also operated manually due to the above advantages these circuits finding applications in residential, small scale industries, street lightning.

Download  ECE Minor Project Report on Automatic Night Lamp with Morning Alarm.

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Micrcotroller Based Semiconductor Tap Changer for Power Transformer Project Report

This paper  addresses a new technology in maintaining power quality in electrical transmission and distribution it is an common concern for both generation grids and consumer to maintain standards in power quality, it is not an easy task to regulate the power flow on the secondary side of an distribution transformer when it is connected to an varying load, our project provides an sample model on micro controller based on-load tap changer for an power transformer in order to regulate the power flow under faulty conditions like over voltages, under voltages, voltage dips, voltage sags, induced harmonics.

The objective is to provide constant output voltage irrespective of load changes at the output terminals by using a tap changer; in order to overcome the present drawbacks of the manual tap changer having less operational speed with minimum accuracy, overheating, producing noise and arcs at the contact terminals,  the entire operation is controlled by the micro processor  automatically by sensing the load variations  and acts up on the situation by varying output contact terminal i.e. tap changing, an CMOS 8-bit, high performance, low power AT89C52 microcontroller with 8K bytes EPROM is used in this circuit as  logical central process control which process the input signal and produce an appropriate  output signal based on the programming that is stored in the RAM  of the micro processor, A/D Converter with 8-Channel Multiplexer is provide information regarding the varying parameters these parameters are displayed on the LCD screen at the output section.

The pin configuration with its performance characteristics are discussed below.

This sample circuit is tested and the practical results shows the capability of this device in eliminating the drawbacks of the conventional tap changing methods, and also improves the life time of the contact terminals, the response time is very less it is nearly 0.44s, it maintains constant output voltage in accordance to varying load by regulating the positions of the contact terminal, this device requires minimum maintenance and it is economical.

Download  Micrcotroller Based Semiconductor Tap Changer for Power Transformer Project Report.

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Harmonic Analysis of Separately Excited Dc Motor Drives Fed by Single Phase Controlled Rectifier and PWM Rectifier

In recent year the electrical energy transfer is done by the converters made of semi conductors had became immense problem by injecting undesirable harmonic effects in the electrical equipments, in order to rectify these drawbacks pulse width modulation rectifiers are replaced in the place of phase controlled rectifiers having capability of controlling the harmonics, by implementing pulse with modulation technique.

These pulse width rectifiers having   low harmonic distortion i.e. THD is below 5%, maintains unity power factors, and attains nearly sinusoidal controlled output with bidirectional power flow.  And these are in expensive, operates at high switching states with high power applications.

Here modulation is nothing but varying the properties of one signal by using another signal know as carrier signal, Pulse width modulation is mainly classified into Single pulse width modulation, multiple pulse width modulation, Sinusoidal pulse width modulation, Trapezoidal pulse width modulation, Staircase pulse width modulation, Delta pulse width modulation having various switching strategies, Natural sampled , Regular sampled , Optimal Sub-optimal  these entire phenomenon’s and their operation principles are elaborately explained in this paper.

Our project we provided the basic information regarding the strategies of various harmonics and their reduction techniques. These harmonic creates an abnormal behavior of the electrical equipment like decrease in power factor, over heating of the system, decreasing the efficiency and damaging the equipment.

Hence there is an immediate need for reduction of these harmonics, so we provided the necessary solutions for the reduction of harmonics. Harmonic filters are used to reduce the harmonics by improving total harmonic distortion. Harmonic analysis is carried out by a mathematical approach Fourier series.

Our project is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software, the simulation results shows that a controlled output nearly equal to sinusoidal is obtained by using pulse width modulation, this paper reveals that PWM is low cost approach for protection of electrical accessories which can be easily installed with simple circuit logic; it reduced the total harmonic distortion to a greater extent.

Download  Harmonic Analysis of Separately Excited Dc Motor Drives Fed by Single Phase Controlled Rectifier and PWM Rectifier.