Category: Embedded System Abstracts

Introduction to Zigbee wireless Relay Control and Power Monitoring System Project:

This system is made to manage wirelessly Regulating relays and monitoring current. This is applied for the home load simulation. The ON and OFF commands are passing from PC to microcontroller through the wirelessly turning relays. It can change the whole current in simulated home. We made wireless communication with XBee Series AND 2 ZIGBEE modules. Any one module is get connected with the microcontroller and the home load simulation. The other module is connected the computer to extract the data and relay monitoring and regulation.

The Project aims to simulate the home with use of resistors to control many appliances and items. It controls and provides the user to turn on and off the wirelessly controlled appliances. It manages the power consumption at home. It provides the user graphical information of the data in the computer in real time power used at home.

The simulate home will be consisted of the 7 appliances with designed by the resistance or load. The all simulated home appliances are supplied 5 V DC power by the microcontroller. Normally the home is supplied 120 V AC current. The simulator home is independent from the need.

We have developed a simple transmission system concept of Zigbee routing and networking regulations. The regulations are known as the Protocol stack or Zigbee stack. The data networks are generally various types of layers or stacks according to the functions. The lowest stack is depended on the real electrons existing surrounding. The high stack depends less on the physical things and the bunch of the data structures can be managed.

The Project is dealing with the network layers. The software are XBee chips and firmware for the data links and physical layers and the XBee- API and XBee- Arduino software eases works for the network layer. The Zigbee is used due to low power consumption for the MCU end of transmission. It is less complicated and easy to implement. 

 Download  Zigbee wireless Relay Control and Power Monitoring System ECE Project Report.

Introduction to H-Bridge Fed Dc Motor Speed Control Mini Project:

There are various methods for controlling the speed of the DC motor but they require huge equipment and they require high additional costs. The proposed method is a h bridge fed method which is used for controlling the speed of the DC motor and it is operated by using a microcontroller. By using this method the various in the speed can be adjusted automatically by the microcontroller. In this paper we will see how the microcontroller based design is implemented using h-bridge fed method.

Brief on the working model and design:

To control the speed of the motor we design a PID which is control loop feedback mechanism. In this we use a h-bridge with MOSFET which controls the dc motor input voltage by using PWM technique. The MOSFET allows the bidirectional movement of the DC motor which allows the speed control. By using PWM technique the speed variations can be adjusted easily by reducing the harmonics and not affecting the starting torque.

In order to modulate the current to the dc motor the operating power is turned on or off which is the duty cycle. The duty cycle gives the speed of the DC motor. For this design we will be using an 89C51 microcontroller which has 8KB of flash memory which is best suited for programming our application. The microcontroller program is written in embedded c and is loaded into the flash memory by using keil software.

Conclusions:

The proposed design of H-bridge method speed control device can even work under large currents. This is effective and the reliable design for controlling the speed of motor. As we are using a microcontroller design the speed adjustments are made automatically. This type of device can also be used in industries for controlling the devices.

Download  ECE and EEE Mini Project Report for H-Bridge Fed Dc Motor Speed Control.

Introduction to Muscular Stimulator Mini Project:

The main objective of this paper is to give idea of Muscular simulator.  As we are humans, in our daily life we  make use of our body for doing work like lifting objects etc. As a result, sometimes we may suffer from some of the problems like head ache and muscular sprains. As the world is developing fast, we expect the technology which makes our life comfortable. As a result, to medicate muscular sprains a technology has been developed.

External stimulations are developed such that they are fast curing and more reliable. These do not have any side effects. Muscular stimulator is a medical device which is developed such that it can many muscular problems. The muscular stimulator  involves two various circuits such as stimulator and timer circuits. Stimulator circuit consists of various parts such as oscillatory circuit, intensity control, power drive circuit and transformer. Timer circuit consists of timer and buzeer circuit.

Brief into Muscular Stimulator:

The oscillatory circuit has IC 7555 timer. This circuit is used to generate necessary voltage for intensity control circuit. The intensity control section has a transistor and variable resistor to control the intensity. Power drive circuit generates the necessary voltage to transformer. A step up transformer of 2v-220v is used to generate stimulations.

3v dc power supply is given to entire stimulator section. The timer section has timer and buzzer circuits. The timer circuits has IC 555 timer to obtain output pulses. The buzzer is connected to the output of the IC 555 such that it indicates the delay time. 6v supply is given to the entire timer section.

Download  ECE and EEE Mini Project Report for Muscular Stimulator.

Introduction to Solar Power Generation with Auto Tracking System Project:

The main objective of this paper is to give idea of Solar generation. Now a days electrical energy has become most important factor. Each and every equipment made today uses electricity. The usage of electrical devices is also growing. This made electrical energy so valuable. To generate this electrical energy more and more resources are being utilized.

If the resources are not available this leads to scarcity. To avoid these problems, Solar power generation technique is used. Without wastage of these resources, we can generate electricity naturally from sunlight. This sunlight is converted into electricity using photo voltaic cells. To maintain constant output voltage, solar tracking finds useful. By using this tracking, the conversion efficiency is increased. In solar tracking technique, microcontroller and a sensor is used.

Brief into Solar Power Generation with Auto Tracking System:

Solar cells are most important because by using these cells only ,electrical energy is generated. These solar cells are operated based on the photo-electric energy.  Photovoltaic cells are  the alternate devices which converts sunlight into electrical energy. In tracking section a sensor and Pic microcontroller are used .This 16F877  Pic microcontroller takes  less power. It has 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory.

This total system can be classified into three sections they are input, storage and output . In input section, photo voltaic arrays are present to absorb the sunlight. In storage section, Battery bank is used to store the energy such that even in the absence of sunlight , there will be constant power generation. In output section, Charge controller is used to avoid over charging.

Download  Electrical and Electronics Project Report on Solar Power Generation with Auto Tracking System.

Introduction to Three Way Controlled Robotic Arm Project:

The main objective of this paper is to give idea of robotic arm. This purely involves robotics. For example, in the past the manufacturing process is manual. This manual system involves more amount of time and huge amount of labor is required. Due to these reasons automation have been used in this process to resolve all the issues.

Hence robots are being used in manufacturing. Robots are defined as a device which is programmed to perform a particular task without human involvement. Usage of robots was found to be more effective and improved accuracy also. Three way controlled robotic arm consists of microcontroller, RS-232, color sensor, comparator, motor drivers and motors.

Brief into design and working of three way controlled robotic arm:

The microcontroller used here is P89V51RD2. This 80C51 microcontroller has 64 KB flash memory. This flash memory can support both parallel and In-System Programming. This flash memory can also be changed when the application is running. LM324 Comparator is used. Max 232 dual driver converts the receiver, transmitter and control signals into signals suitable for circuits.

Color sensor is used to sense the color of ball, the ir pair which is used senses the color. DC motors of 10 RPM and 3.5 Rpm are used. RS232 cable is used for serial communication between the ports. In the operation, control of the arm can be done automatically and by using pc. First the P1.2 bit is checked, if this bit is high then arm is controlled by PC. In automatic controlling arm, it checks the ball and if ball is present it senses the colour of the ball and acts according to the program written. In PC controlled arm it performs the operation according to key pressed.       

Download  ECE Final Year Project Report on Three Way Controlled Robotic Arm.         

Introduction to Carriage and Wagon Workshop Project:

In this paper we will discuss about the workshop held at dahod. We discuss about the products manufactured at BG electric locomotive workshop. This is famous for rebuilding WAM4 and WAM5 locos which have advanced features like dynamic breaks, static converters and microprocessor controls. In this we will see what are the main components required for designing locos and the implanted principles followed by dahod workshop for building these locomotives and the advantages of using these locomotives.

Brief on the design of the locomotives:

In olden days we use steam engines and later they are run using fossil fuels and in the transformation have taken and at present in most of the places we find electric locomotives. In dahod workshop we find the manufacturing of electric locomotives, and wheels are designed here. For designing the spare parts required for the locomotives are designed by using a computer and a numerical control machine.

An operator can change the parameters of the CNC machine like cutting speed and feedback depth based on the requirement of the job to be done. Here a computer processor is integrated to the CNC machine which makes the machining part programs in the memory and it controls the machining diagnostics and the quality control functions during the actual machining.  We use CNC lathe machine for obtaining 3D moulds on the products and it is also used for tuning and boring of wood, plastic and metals. We use CNC milling machine which is used for making moulds of the products and for performing surface milling on the structures. In this factory relays are designed which acts as switches.

The relays are nothing but the open circuit switches which consist of a coil and when current is passed through them a magnetic field is created which makes the lever to change switch contacts. Here different kinds of relays which vary in voltage parameters and they serve different purpose in the designs.

Download  Electronics and Communication Training Report on Carriage and Wagon Workshop.

Even after the development in the data transfer rates and bandwidths the transfer has become very costly in the applications has the image contains a lot of information. So there is need for compression techniques where the image will be encoded in a format and is transmitted over the network. The image will be decoded by a decryption process by which the original image will be obtained. There are various image compression techniques available. In this paper we will look into JPEG image compression technique and how the encryption and decryption algorithms for transmitted the image.

Brief on JPEG compression algorithm:

Image which carries information in the form of rectangular array of dots called as pixels. Depending on the pixel value the color of it is identified. Here in JPEG image compression method the encoding process is done over where the original image is divided into 8X8 size blocks of sub images. Here DCT is performed on each image separately and the resultant is divided with the quantization matrix.

The obtained value is made into one dimensional data for obtaining this we can apply zig zag coding, arithmetic or a by applying Huffman coding algorithm. To obtain the original image the reverse mechanism is applied in the decoder. Here we use a source encoder in the image compression model so as to reduce the redundancy present in the input image. If any data loss occurs we can measure the data loss by using fidelity criterion and apply it the algorithm to obtain the image.

Conclusions:

By using image compression the transmitted data gets decreased by which we can transmit the data by using a low frequency signal. By using JPEG compression technique the image gets encrypted which occupies less space and it does not vary the quality of the image when the original image is restored.

Download  Electronics and Communication Project Report on JPEG Image Compression.

Introduction to Wireless Electronic Notice Board Using RF Electronics Project:

Now a day’s providing data security has become very prominent and is increases the quality of communication. If there are no security measures for the data then the data can be easily hacked or diverted which reduces the quality of communication. We see electronic notice boards which store particular information and displays the particular information only till it is provided with new information. In this paper we will look into electronic notice boards which use wireless technology for transferring data by which the new information can be sent. We will see how information is transferred and different types of notice boards available.

Brief of the working model and design:

Here we use transmitter section for sending the information and each board is provided with a receiver and we use radio frequency signals for communication. We use a pan technology based on IEEE 802.15.4 which uses a standard algorithm foe encryption and decryption of the data. The encrypted will be sent to the receiver section by using RF module. 89C52 microcontroller will be used in the receiver and the transmitter sections which and an IC 7805 is used in the receiver section.

The microcontroller has a flash memory which provides the facility to reprogram. The by using a input keypad in the transmitter section we can transmit the data and it is sent to the receiver section through RF antenna and at the receiver it is received and the microcontroller processes the data and transmits it to the LED for displaying. The RF modules which are used for communication are operated at the frequency of 433 MHz.

Conclusions:

By using this method we can modify the data in the electronic notice automatically by using wireless communication. The RF modules have the capability to form a mesh network by which we can send larger data over shorter distances. By using this method we can transmit the data in a secure manner.

Download  Wireless Electronic Notice Board Using RF Electronics Project Report.

For a doctor to make a better diagnosis of the tissues he needs perfect repots of the pathological tissues. There are various segmentation methods followed for obtaining the pictures but the proposed algorithm is better than other methods. The proposed method is for detection of pathological tissues and normal tissues and CSF of human brain buy MRI. We will use hybrid intelligence technique by which we can achieve high resolution pixels of the pathological tissues. In this paper we will discuss how we can pictures of the pathological tissues by employing weighed vectors execution method in magnetic resonance method.

Brief on the working algorithm:

In human body the healthy tissues have the ability to control their growth and their divisions and they have a similar array of structure whereas the tumors have capability to regenerate and we can differentiate so that we can identify the healthy and effected tissues. The magnetic resonance technique is capable of showing the difference between the healthy tissues and pathological tissues by using non invasive technique by exposing ionized rays and we can get high contrast images with a good pixel resolution.

Here clustering method is applied on the obtained data which has the capability of processing a grouped data where the similar group of data within the cluster is maximized and the similarity of the data with the other clusters maximized which helps in pattern recognition in an image. Here hybrid intelligence segmentation technique is applied on the processed image which calculates the weighted vectors for the HSOM and FCM which use additional features like entropy and energy and idm. We use fuzzy clustering technique which uses six features and gives the result of the lowest weighted vectors which the image of the tumor in the analysis.

Conclusions:

There are various methods for obtaining the pictures of the tissues but they do not give the exact detail of the infected tissue. Here we apply the clustering technique which gives the values of the low weighted vectors by which on the detail of the tumor is obtained in the computer aided analysis. By using this technique we can make a detailed diagnosis of the tumor which is helpful for the doctors for treating the infected areas.

Download  Segmentation of Pathological and Healthy Tissues with Reduced Weighted Vectors Using Hybrid Intelligence Techniques Project Report.

Introduction to multiple device switching:

We use various switching techniques for controlling the devices in industries. Microcontroller based switching is the most common technique which is used for switching the devices in industries. In this paper we will see switching of devices by using a Pc. We will see how the switching is possible by using a Pc and the design and the advantages of using this switching method.

Brief on design and working model:

In this design we use a serial port which consists of triac drivers and some discrete components by using this board switching of the devices is possible.  RS232 cable is used which is an efficient device in for building pc based applications by using this we can convert the serial data to the required digital which is used for driving the drivers. For obtaining switching we use optically isolated triac driver MOC3041 which can work in ac power supplies. It consists of an infrared emitting diode which is optically encoupled to a monolithic silicon detector by which switching is possible.

For the conversion of the data between the pc and the serial port we use a microcontroller. AT89S2 microcontroller is used which consists of a 40 pin package and is efficient for driving the logic circuits for obtaining switching. The 89S52 microcontroller consists of 8KB of internal flash memory which can allows us for the reprogramming and it has 32 available which can be used for input and output purposes.

Conclusions:

This is efficient method for obtaining switching of devices in industries and can be use in ac power supply environment. By using this device we can obtain switching of 8 devices and if more no devices are present we can use a multiplexer to meet the additional switching requirement. We can even use wireless communication for switching by placing a receiver and a transmitter unit.

Download  Multiple Devices Switching Through PC Electronics Engineering Project Report.