Category: Electronics Abstracts

B.tech electronics and electrical final year and third year students can select best electronic project with full project report for free download. Students can find latest electronics abstracts for mini and major projects. Project reports helps students to get over view for implementing project.

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Embedded System for Terrorism Prevention Report

Introduction:

The main objective of this embedded design is to detect the liquid explosives so as prevent the terrorist activities. At present there are many available detectors for detecting metal explosives but there are no efficient detectors for detecting liquid explosives. This system can be used in airports, railway stations and bus stations etc , which detects the explosives in the luggage’s and at the same it checks the data base whether the person is having any crime record. Here the system is connected with the main system which maintains the database.

Brief into working process:

The entire design is prepare by using the concepts of embedded systems Glyceryl trinitrate, ammonium nitrate and nitroglycerin are the commonly used liquid explosives which contains –NO2, -CO and –CH bonds. These bonds show certain characteristics when exposed to UV radiation. To scan the bags a uv spectrometer is used when exposed to these explosives the reflected rays carry certain characteristics and the spectrometer output is fed is band pass filter. The band pass filter processes the reflected waves and sends the signals to a ADC converter and we can see the detected information on the PC. When such explosive materials are detected it gives a alert message. At the same the person’s identity is checked in database present to the main server.

Advantages:

Due to serious terrorist’s activities going on, these devices can be very useful to monitor such activities. By use this device we can control terrorist’s activities to an extent. Thus we can conclude that by using these devices we can provide safety to the people.

Download Embedded System for Terrorism Prevention Report.

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A Remote Home Security System Based On Wireless Sensor Network and GSM Technology Project Report

Introduction:

This paper elaborates the working of the home security alarm system developed by employing WSN and GSM technology. WSN technology has the capability to detect object information in dangerous conditions. By using GSM networks we can transfer information to large distances. A system  software is developed in C51 which sends and receives data, and at the same time gives an alarm when a dangerous condition is encountered. Zigbee is used for wireless communication of the devices connected in a area. Zigbee technology is employed because it is highly transmission efficient and it can send signals without any attenuation during the time of gas leaking and fire attacks. MSP430F135 microcontroller used as it as it as low power consummating device.

System architecture:

The WSN has an data collecting unit which converts the sensor signals and sends to the processing unit, where the information gets processed and is placed on a wireless network for transmitting. A wireless control unit interconnects both GSM module and WSN center node module so that messages given by the WSN is sent to GSM module. The GSM module uses the GPRS networks for transmitting messages to the mobile phones. A target detection algorithm is employed for effective elimination of environment changes.

Applications and future scope;

This type of models are used in industries, companies , banks and homes for detecting the security threats. This can send the message within a few seconds after the detection of threat. The time taken for the threat detection is a bit slow so certain new algorithms are to be employed for fast detection of targets. Thus we can conclude that this model is useful to prevent the sudden occurring threats.

Download A Remote Home Security System Based On Wireless Sensor Network and GSM Technology Project Report.

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WIFI Based Industrial Monitoring and Controlling Using Arm Processor Project Report

Introduction:

The proposed design is to provide industrial or home automation is useful for monitoring the drivers from any distance. The messages are sent from the pc using an Ethernet module. A arm-cortex processor is used which monitors are the components according to the given message, with the sensed information sent from the sensors.

Circuit design and working:

The circuit unit consists of transmitter unit and receiver unit. The pc is connected to a Ethernet module and the message is transmitted to the receiver by using a wifi transceiver. In the receiver unit light, humidity and temperature sensors are connected to ADC0809.The ULN2003 drives are used for giving the signal to the relays there which the derives can be put on and off. The ARM will gill fast response compared to that of normal processor. Wi-Fi technology uses RF for transmission, which has low interface and noise can that data at a high speed. The keil software is very advantageous in programming flash memories. It provides an interface for connecting forget via serial line.

Applications and future scope:

Applications and future scope these type of automation system can used in homes, industries etc. By using this automation design, we can reduce the usage of man power, and the damage of devices can also be reduces.

Download WIFI Based Industrial Monitoring and Controlling Using Arm Processor Project Report.

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Phase Change Memory As A Secure Main Memory Project Report

Introduction to phase change memory:

Phase change memory technology is used for writing of the memory systems. This appears to be good technology for the design future computer memories. It has advantages when compared to that of normal DRAMs. Today’s phase change memory technology allows the memory to be written up to 107 0r 109 times and research is going on to make it suitable for the conventional technologies. This paper discusses the design of phase change main memories and it’s working.

Brief into Design and Working of phase change main memory:

When compared to that of normal DRAMs it is advantageous in terms of static energy com consumption and integration scalability. Over exceeding the limit of writing can impair its proper functioning. In 1970s the phase change memory was designed using a 256 bit semiconductor and it a non volatile memory which allows a phase change in materials. RAMs and DRAMs are designed using NAND type ash. Whereas the phase change memory storage element consists of two metal electrodes separated by resistive heater and chalcogenide and a transistor which is used for controlling the access. By reducing the wear leveling techniques the more no writes can be achieves. By bit alterable memory we change the written information from zero to one or one to zero without the use of erase step which is used in flash memories. Like DRAMs phase change memories are non volatile memories and exhibited excellent retention results when compared to DRAM.

The bandwidth and latency which supports write speed is a not upto the speed of DRAM. Certain security measures are to be taken for secured transfer of data in phase change based memories. Invisible PA to PCMA translation so that he physical address of the memories is not visible. By employing PA to PCMA translations 4K or 16k address entries can transfer into a single entry. 

Download Phase Change Memory As A Secure Main Memory Project Report.

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Advanced Wireless Security System Project Report

Introduction:

Advanced Wireless Security System Project model is to provide security at different locations thru wireless network. By using this technology we can detect the natural calamities like floods , earthquakes and accidents and bomb blasts occurred can rescued on time. This is an effective system for providing security at various places. The sensors present at various places detect the changes in the environment and sends the information to the control unit.

Construction and working:

We use transmitter unit for transmitting the sensed information, and the receiver unit or the control unit processes the received information. A 89C52 microcontroller is used for monitoring the components. The sensed information from sensors is given to the micro controller and encoder encodes it onto the RF transmitter antenna. At the receiver the decoder decodes the received information to detect the location. A LCD is used in the receiver unit to see the messages. By using the address codes we can know the exact location on the map. RF modules are used for transmission as these signals are free from interference.

Applications:

This type of systems are very useful for detecting the natural calamities so that we so that we save some lives. These also detect the accidents occurred and we can know the location so that we can save the people met with the accident. This type of systems is very useful for detecting the disasters in the nature.

Download Advanced Wireless Security System Project Report.

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Protective Schemes for Various Electrical Equipments Project Report

Introduction to protective relaying:

Protective relaying is a system security technique which eliminates the problems occurred in the device and protects unaffected portion. If the effected portions are not damaged then it reenergizes them to work. The main objective of this technique is to minimize the service interruption when abnormal situations occur. In this we will discuss two protective schemes which are employed in power transformer and motor.

Power transformer protection:

The transformer is an expensive device the damage occurs due to fault conditions like voltage over flow, short circuits and due to over load. The transformer consists of many components which are to be monitored at every aspect to prevent damage. Buchhoktz relay is placed in pipe of the tank which gives a alarm and closes the block when the pressure levels change in the oil tank. In differential method wires are connected at the ends of the transformer which corrects the faults occurred due to phase difference. A bypassed differential relay is used monitor the transformer ratio. Harmonic restraint is used which employs a tuning technique for filtering the harmonic currents. If the differential protection scheme is not provided then it is provided with restricted over current and earth fault protection which serves the same purpose. To protect the transformer from thermal heating, thermo couples or resistor temperature detectors are placed in winding of the coils. Due to higher magnetic currents over heating of coil and insulation failure may occur which is prevented by over fluxing protection.

Motor protection:

Low voltage motors are protected by using HC fuses which prevents the faults due to short circuits and over currents. For higher voltage motors different protection schemes are used at various levels. By employing temperature detectors the bearings are protected from overheating. To reduce the loss of supply caused by back emf armature type relays are used. To protect the motor insulation from thermal stress thermostats are employed. By sing a bimetallic relay or a phase balance relay we can protect the circuit from unbalanced voltage conditions. Thus we can employ various protection schemes for electronic equipments from getting damaged from abnormal conditions.

Download Protective Schemes for Various Electrical Equipment’s Project Report.

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Remote Controllable and Energy Saving Room Architecture Based On Zigbee Communication Report

Introduction:

Remote Controllable and Energy Saving Room Architecture Based On Zigbee Communication Project presents the working of remote controllable standby power which in turn reduces the energy consumption of room architecture. The power controller is designed by using IR remote control functionality. By using this we can efficiently manage the power outlets. By using the IR remote controller the user can control any appliance within the given frequencies. Wireless transmission is implemented by using zigbee protocol. The remote controller automatically cuts the power when it has more than the required load resistance.

Room architecture and Zigbee controller:

The power outlets are designed to cut off the standby power. The zigbee controller is designed by using microcontroller. Here the power outlet is integrated with an AC/DC converter so that the fed ac input is converted to required dc output. Radio frequency module is used to communicate with the remote control unit. The power outlets reduce the excess consumption of the power by appliance. Buttons are provided on the remote controller to tune to the required home appliance. The RF antenna works at 2.4ghz frequency and the carrier frequency is selected at 38khz.

Future scope:

The proposed model can be implemented to a single room. We can develop the model by connecting all the room on a single home server, and it can be accessed by using zigbee protocol, and by increasing the frequency range we can monitor a wide area. Thus we can conclude that the proposed model works efficiently in saving power in a room architecture.

Download Remote Controllable and Energy Saving Room Architecture Based On Zigbee Communication Project Report.

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Digital Dc Power Supply Project Report

Introduction to Digital Dc Power Supply Schematic:

This is an extensively used device in performing experiments in the electronic laboratories. Digital Dc Power Supply Project Report discusses the microcontroller based design which as added features. The tux graphic digital dc power supply is built on the idea of the first version but the running model third version has extra features. The display shows the voltage and current limits and we ca enter the desired value with the provide input button pad.

Digital Dc Power Supply Circuit design and operation:

The design consists of a transistor and a zener diode which are used for generating the reference voltage. The transistor handles the higher currents generated  in the circuit. The reference voltage maintained stable even for the fluctuations and the noise components occurred in the voltage. The ADC converter is used for  measuring the voltage and current values all the time. These converters are built by using r-2r ladder technique. The PWM technique is employed to generate modulated pulses and they are run thru a low pass filter by giving a cut off frequency due to which a dc signal is generated. The tux graphics digital dc power supply works with the idea of combining a 10 bit DAC on a r-2r ladder which has a pwm resolution of 12 bits.

Advantages:

This type of power supplies is very useful for performing various experiments. We can know the minute changes in the voltage and current values. By using these power supplies we regulate the current values for which we can various output values which helps in examining the performance of the equipment.

Download Digital Dc Power Supply Project Report.

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Data Transmission Through Laser With Password Project Report

Introduction to Data Transmission Through Laser With Password:

At present there are various techniques which are being successfully used for transmission of data. The data transmission techniques employ RF , FM signals for transmission of data. Now we are going to look into data transmission by using lasers. The user can see the information on the lcd when he enters the password. By using lasers for transmission, higher data rates are available with lower error rate which is advantageous over RF signals.

Working process:

A transmitter unit and receiver unit are constructed for transmission and reception purpose. The data to be sent is  inserted on the transmitter unit from the input source. The inserted data is assigned with an address code and the switches are used for the selection of the address codes. The data is transmitted in the form of infrared rays. The photodiode in the receiver unit converts the received data into electrical signal. The microcontroller receives the electrical data and get it placed in the internal registers, when the users enters the password it displays the data by the process of decryption.

Limitations and applications:

Due to environment changes the disturbances can occur in the message signal by which the quality of the output decreases. The main problem with lasers is the beam dispersion can occur due to external factors. In order to overcome these problems most advanced powerful lasers are to be employed.

Download Data Transmission Through Laser With Password Project Report.

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Electro Mechanic Inverter Project Report

Electro Mechanic Inverter Project Report covers detailed explanation about project.Here we provide introduction to this  project.

The functioning of certain switching and control circuits requires AC power supply but they are supplied with DC current supply , so in order to convert dc to ac we use inverter. The conversion is obtained by using rotary converter or motor generator sets. Direct current is a unidirectional current and it is obtained by supplying rectifier with ac current. The movement of electric charge will be in reverse in ac current. In this paper we will discuss the circuit which converts the 12v dc to 230v ac. The waveform of ac will be sinusoidal signal , and this waveform can be modulated to carry information.

Circuit description and operation:

The circuit is built around IC1(cd4048) to which the input current is fed and it drives the output current to a step up transformer which  gives us the required 230v ac current. The 12v dc is connected to a LED so as know when the battery completely discharges the led does not glow. The IC acts as a astable multivibrator which operates around 50hz. Two mosfets are connected to pins of IC which acts push pull configuration. The input signal has many distortions which are suppressed by using a capacitor. By eliminating the distortions in the fed input signal is fed to the transformer where the alternating dc current in the primary winding produces ac current in the secondary winding. A rheostat is provided in the circuit to control the duty cycle.

Applications and future scope:

The inverted are being used in various appliances like ups ,variable frequency drives and in air conditioners. Depending upon the intended use of the inveterate certain advanced design patterns are approached. By introducing the thyristor or scr  a controlled rectifier inverters are developed.

Download  Electro Mechanic Inverter Project Report.