Category: Electronics Abstracts

B.tech electronics and electrical final year and third year students can select best electronic project with full project report for free download. Students can find latest electronics abstracts for mini and major projects. Project reports helps students to get over view for implementing project.

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Electricity Generation from Speed Breakers Project Report

Introduction:

In today’s world where every equipment requires electricity for its working, and the demand for the electricity is increasing rapidly. The fossil fuels are getting extinct and there is a need for the search of alternative sources to meet the present electricity demands. In this paper we are going to discuss about one of the available  conventional method for the generation of electricity. All moving vehicles posses kinetic energy, we will use this kinetic energy for the generation of electricity. The entire model is built under a speed breaker and when passes through the speed breaker it generates electricity. We will call this arrangement as power hump. The power generated is stored in rechargeable device for future use.

Working model:

The entire model is placed under the dome of the speed breaker. The springs are placed under the dome and to these spring racks are connected. When the vehicle passes through speed breaker it creates a compression and this makes the springs to move the racks. The racks are connected to the gear unit and a shaft is placed to maintain a uniform motion. A dynamo is used to convert the rotational motion to electricity. The generated electricity gets stored in the batteries for further use.

Advantages and Disadvantages:

This type conventional energy models are very helpful for the generation of electricity with low cost. By the use of fossil fuels the environment gets polluted and by using these conventional methods the nature does not get affected. By using this model we need to look into each time in order to check the disturbances. By using these conventional methods we cannot generate the required power. New methods have to be employed to generate higher voltages. Thus we conclude that these conventional methods can be used for generating electricity to meet the present demands.

Download Electricity Generation from Speed Breakers Project Report.

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Microcontroller Based Dc Motor Speed Control System Project Report

Introduction to speed control technique:

There are several techniques for controlling the speed of DC motor. Some of techniques used are rheostat and chopper control technique which are not that much effective. In this project we are going to employ PWM technique for controlling the speed of DC motor. The AT89C52 microcontroller generates required PWM wave.

Working Design;

A step down transformer is used to obtain the required voltage for the dc motor from the given 230V. A bridge rectifier is used to regulate the voltage generated. Capacitor is used to filter the generated voltage an IC7806 is used to bypass the ripples. The micro controller by using the timer 0 it generates the required PWM waveform.  Two switches are connected to interrupt pins of micro controller, when these are pressed it changes the duty cycle of the dc motor. The generated variable pulse is given to drive the circuit which controls the speed of the motor. The PWM pulse is varied in 10 discrete pulses in the software program. The programming is written in c and keil software is used for compilation.

Testing Process:

To obtain the required speed of the DC motor , certain tests are performed to check the speed of the motor. First the PWM circuit is tested the waveform is tested for each discrete pulse of the output voltages so that the changes occurred can be rectified. Then the speed of the motor is tested for varying voltages and the varying speed of motor is noted for every rise in voltages. Thus we conclude that the PWM technique is the most efficient for controlling the speed of the DC motor.

Download Micro controller Based Dc Motor Speed Control System Project Report.

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Reactive Power Static Compensation by Using Condensator Project Report

Introduction to reactive power:

Reactive power does not contribute anything to energy. Due to reactive power the efficiency of the energy systems decreases. The reactive power is the opposition of the load elements. It is consumed or generated by all the elements present in the system. Reactance which contributes the reactive power can be of resistive or capacitive. The paper mainly aims at making the power factor to unity by using the available techniques. If the power factor is more than unity then more power will be consumed by the elements than the required amount which in turn causes power loss which is to be reduced.

Capacitor compensation implementation:

The capacitor compensation method is the efficient method for reducing the reactive power. To overcome the voltage drops and power losses we will use the series and shunt reactive compensation. In the industries all the load elements are inductive so we use capacitive compensation make the capacitor leading and load lagging. In the circuit the capacitor bank is connected parallel to the load and a pic 16f877 is placed to measure the phase difference of the current and voltage. If the capacitor bank is off then there will be a more phase difference between the voltage and current and when it is on their won’t be phase difference which reduces the reactive power.

Advantages of capacitor compensation:

This is the cheapest method for reducing the reactive power.  This is the effective method for keeping no phase difference between the voltage and current. It reduces the power loss in the generation and transmission. By using this we can control the usage of power by the elements which reduce the more power consumption. Thus we can conclude that capacitor compensation method is more advantageous than the synchronous motor method. 

Download Reactive Power Static Compensation by Using Condensator Project Report.

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Electrical Apparatus Controlling By Using Mobile Phones Project Abstract

Introduction to mobile based controlling:

This paper explains the mobile based controlling of various appliances. The mobile act as a transmitter for sending the signal to the micro controller which makes the appliance on or off. The DTMF technique is use for sending message pulses from mobile phone to receiver. To drive the appliances they are connected with relays. The entire circuit works with a 5v dc power supply. A decoder is placed in the receiver unit to decode the signal sent from the mobile.

Brief into the working process:

By pressing the buttons on the mobile phone two tones are generated due to DTMF technique one tone is for identifying the signal and other tone is for identifying the message signal of on or off. At the receiver unit the decoder decodes it and gives the information to the AT89C52 microcontroller. The microcontroller processes it and gives the signal to the driver which drives the relay, by which the respective relay gets on or off. The microcontroller is compiled and run on keil software. Suppose if any error occurs in sent signal then the microcontroller automatically reboots itself. As the microcontroller is a 40 pin configured device we can connect a maximum of 8 relays . if the number of appliances are more we need not change the microcontroller we can connect a multiplexer to the relays depending upon the number of devices.

Applications:

This can be effectively utilized in household purpose, for controlling the home appliance from any long distances. We can also check the status of the home appliance by using mobile. This can also be used in industrial purpose. Thus we can conclude that by using this model we can monitor the appliances in long distances.

Download Electrical Apparatus Controlling By Using Mobile Phones Project Abstract.

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An Embedded Electric Meter Based On The Zigbee Data Acquisition System Abstract

Introduction:

The debugging of an electrical circuit can be done by knowing the voltage, temperature and current information. By providing the data acquisition system in the power supply  we can know these values . This paper concentrates on developing a data acquisition system which measures the voltage from 0 to 50v, current values upto 50 amps and finds temperature on the ambient and loads. Here the zigbee communication for data acquisition.

Construction of data acquisition system:

The current voltage and temperature sensors are used which gives the sensed information during the working of the circuit the sensed information from the sensors is fed to the arm processor. For monitoring the process a 8051 microcontroller is used at the receiver unit   from the given signals by the controller the micro processor acts accordingly in the transmitter unit. For the microcontroller to operate accordingly we have to provide it with the data. The internal oscillator frequency is set to 4mhz for its working. The baund rate at which the data is transmitted is 9 bits in which one bit is used for stat or stop information and the other 8 bits are used for data information. To control the sampling rate timer is used and by polling the overflow bit are controlled. The micro chip on the pic microcontroller provides environment for compiling coding setting up and controlling programs. For the transmission between the ends systems RF communication is used which operates at 2.4ghz frequency.

Conclusions’ and Future scope:

Here the complexity of the project increases due to transmission of data between the end systems. The data acquisition system can be further developed by the use of high resolution ADC converters. Here the chances of delaying occur when the processor fails to process the data quickly and sometimes interference may occur in the transmission signals.

Download An Embedded Electric Meter Based On The Zigbee Data Acquisition System Abstract.

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Electronic Wastage’s A Poisonous Soup of 21st Century Seminar Report

Introduction to E-wastage:

This paper mainly elaborates about wastage and harmful effects on environment E-Wastage occurs due to useless electronic equipment’s which are dumped into the soil or thrown into oceans. Some of developed countries make use of undeveloped countries for dumping their E-wastage contains led and plastic which harm the nature. so we mainly stress on the aspects to reduce E-Wastage and recycling methods  to be followed

Briefly into the E-Wastage effects and recycling methods:

All the electronic components contain led in certain percentage levels mainly the batteries contains 50% of led ,monitors contain 29% of led and other product  has the less composition of led. America has been dumping its 80% of the E-Wastege in asia. In order to control this E-Wastage company’s hare to process recyclable products .the use of led and other tonic materials are to reduced and they are to replaced by metals or recyclable materials. The alloys systems have to use for replacement of led, these alloys are to be brought in to extensive use. The availability of these alloys should be more and cost effective so that the companies prefer to use these alloy materials instead of led. the CFA project will work efficient to meet the temperature requirement of the metals because the melting point of metals is more compared to that of led.

Effects of E-Wastage:

Due to continuous dumping of E-Wastage in soil, in that soil area gets effected .in such areas the water gets polluted and that soil cannot be used for agriculture purpose if the people think of that polluted water affected with dreadful diseases .after the recycling process the left out material like plastic board and microchips and other elements are burnt due to which air gets polluted .the cycle workers the point brass has for extracting small remains of toner due to which toner clouds gets formed in such areas. It has a serious effect on the respiratory system of the human beings. Many electronic ports are compromised of tiny amount of gold which is extracted by process called acidic stripping while performing this process several tonic gases are released into environment .the remaining wastage obtained after this process are thrown into rivers affect the aquatic life and humans who use the water for various purpose .thus we can conclude that E-Wastage is serious growing problem which is to reduced by taking preventing measures.

Download Electronic Wastage’s A Poisonous Soup of 21st Century Seminar Report.

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Printed Circuit Boards and Coil Windings Project Report

Introduction:

In this paper we are going to see the construction and working and available printed circuit boards and coil windings and cables which are used in designing electronic circuits. The printed circuit boards are used for arranging of components and the coil windings are used for designing components and cables are used for transmission. We will also look into the types of soldering process available for fixing components on board.

Cable:

Cables are used for transmission purpose which are prepare by using two or more wires put together or by bonding them or by twisting them depending upon the required output for the transmission purpose. Cables are mainly used to connect computer peripherals like printer, scanner and other hardware devices. There are five types of cables which serve different purpose. The mechanical cables which are also called probes which are used for handling force through tension. The electrical cables are used in power supply lines for flow of current through them. The optical fiber cables are made of protective layers which carry light through them. There are power cables which serve the same purpose of electric cables but its usage is different.

Coil windings:

The coil windings are designed by making the copper wire turns in specified lengths. These windings generate electric or magnetic flux when provided with external power supply. The higher the no of turns the higher the flux generated. The coil windings are prepared on machines which are programmed so the wound the coils accordingly. We can specify the no of turns and the direction of turns for winding of coils. Janatic coils available for which the construction process is same and they are available 30 and 60 watt variants.

Printed circuit boards:

It is made of non conductive material which provides mechanical supports for the electrical components. Here the insulated layers are laminated with proxy resign. The boards are coated with green color and they are also available with blue and green color. To separate the copper areas from substrate photo engraving process is used. Wave soldering process is the commonly used for soldering of electronic components.

Download Printed Circuit Boards and Coil Winding’s Project Report.

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Naval Technologies Innovations of World War II Seminar Report

Introduction to New Naval Technologies:

For today’s technological warfare the idea was put forward from the second world war. Many innovative ideas of the scientists of that period laid down a path for todays technological warfare. Many discoveries were made in very low frequency and high frequencies and ultrasonic’s which are used for finding the accelerated path of the ships. The vacuum tube which was invented in 1960s and was replaced by spark transmitters by the time of World War II. The technological development was the path of victory during world war. The most powerful very low frequencies are designed during time of Second World War, which is capable of producing 1000-2000 kwatts used for transmission of signals to submarines. Due to usage steel the system produced an output efficiency of 50%.

Brief into technological developments:

During the time of world war , many ideas are brought up and discoveries were brought up which are being developed in the coming years. There areas were the technological developments are made

Future Naval technology:

Many technological developments are made in naval warfare in the early part of the 20th century. Many inventions made done like ship board radio communication system and vacuum tube radio communication and development of aircraft receivers.

Radio communication:

US navy during 19th century recognized the need of communication, which laid a path for the development of radio communication. They are firs persons to bring the practical usage of radio communication between the ships. They made the invention of surveillance system.

High frequency direction finders:

It consists of two opposed vertical dipole antennas with a receiver in between isolated from the metallic objects. This was used during world war for finding the positions of the enemies up to 200 miles. This was helpful for surprise attack of war ships during the world war.

Download Naval Technologies Innovations of World War II Seminar Report.

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Project Report on Digital Phase Selector

Introduction:

This project aims developing a digital phase selector which acts as a back up to the power supply when any of the main lines fails. In single phase lines when any of the line fails the power will available in the other two lines. This device mainly reduces the wastage of power and time. It has the capability of selecting the lines when any of the lines fails. The switching is achieved by using high frequency technology which uses infrared radiation. The switching is done by IC MCT2eE which has a capability to reduce arcing which occurs in three phase lines due to mechanical switching. The required trigger pulses for the switches are obtained by using transistors and mosfets.

 Digital Phase Selector Circuit design and working:

A phase sensing and switching block is used which senses the fault lines and automatically switches to the available phase line or back up lines . A control block is used to which all the phase lines including backup lines are connected. A relay driver  is present which is directly driven from the control logic circuit. The entire circuit is provide with a 6V dc power supply. A inverter is placed in the circuit which acts as line when the fault occurs. Opto isolator is used in the circuit for the transfer of signal between the elements. The optoto coupler is very accurate even a pulse change can make the led to emit radiation by which switch over is possible.

Applications and Future scope:

The digital phase selector is an advanced technique of automation. This technique can also be used in power management. This is the safest method for change over of lines because we use infrared radiation for switching and it does not have any mechanical constraints. This technique can be extended for power switching in power stations and sub stations.

Download Project Report on Digital Phase Selector .

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Echo Cancellation MatLab Project Report

Introduction to echo cancellation:

To improve the voice quality of the telephone calls echo cancellation method is employed to completely eliminate the echoes occurred during transmission and reception. By using the silence suppression method the echo get cancelled from the signal. The two types of echoes which occur in telephony signals are acoustic echo and hybrid echo. In this paper we are going to look into the causes for occurring and the cancellation methods proposed by the AT&T bell labs for suppression of the echoes. DSP processors are used for the echo signal from the reappearing original signal. The echo cancellation techniques were first proposed in 1950s for cancellation of echoes occurred due to long delays in satellite communication.

Acoustic echo:

The acoustic echo occurs due to sound coning from loud speakers. The acoustic echo along with the original voice signal enters into direct path. The echo signal will have change in frequencies due to absorption and varied frequencies at different strengths. To suppress the signal the far end signal is delivered into the room by using a speaker and delayed to reassembled a near end signal. By subtracting both the signals we will obtain the echo free signal.

Hybrid echo:

Due to reflection of the electrical energy by public switched telephone networks the hybrid echoes are generated. Because PSTN allows the same frequencies to be generated so to suppress these echoes we employ full bandwidth cancellation method by which the original speech signal is reassembled.

Disadvantages:

Due to echo suppression techniques double talk gets generated by which it echo suppressor cannot detect the signal of far end speaker. Due to alternative inserting and removing loss the clipping of the signals occurs.

Download Echo Cancellation MatLab Project Report.