Category: EEE seminar topics

Introduction to Seminar Topic Encryption for Image Security:

Conventionally encryption of the image was done by cryptography. The drawbacks of cryptography is mainly that it is slow and its inability to factorize large numbers. Chaos based encryption have exhibited advanced features and the algorithm involved in the process is mainly based on rearranging the pixels.

Chaos

The history of chaos can be traced back to early 1970s, which exhibits a property known as ‘butterfly effect’.  The property of chaos is that though it is unpredictable and non-linear but it can be used as pseudo number generator.

CAT MAP

It is also known as Arnold’s Cat Map. In this the original organization of pixels is randomized. Extensively Cat map transformations can be made. While recovering an image through continuous iterations image can be retrieved in its original form. Treating Cat map as chaos can also result in magnification of small errors into large form.

Encryption and decryption

The encryption of data is a form of converting it into cipher text which protects the information and when the data reaches its target it can converted back to its original form by decryption. This is utilized by cryptography anddepends mainly on length of the key and algorithm. The objective of this method is to achieve confidentiality, authenticity, integrity, nonrepudiation. There are two types of cipher used namely substitution and transposition ensuring data encryption standards.

S-DES

Simplified data encryption utilizes permutation and substitution. The analysis is made complex when we alternate the linear maps with the non-linear maps.

Chaos and cryptosystem

When comparing the two, cryptosystem requires mixing, sensitivity and dependency on control parameters.  Another observation is that the latter work on finite system.

Formulation of algorithm

This is accomplished by confusion and diffusion that modifies the pixel value.

Conclusion

Chaotic Cat map can be used as secured form of encryption method.

d.  The enhancement of the algorithm would be to add texture while classifying the segments. The experiments also conclude that a variety of images with peculiar features will enable us to setup an assessable image retrieval system.

 Download  ECE Seminar Topic Latest on Encryption for Image Security.

Introduction to Seminar Topic on Image Processing:

Objective

This abstract can be used as a blue-print for the study done on image processing and the tools that enable us obtain and process image.In order to understand image processing some of the basic parameters should be considered.

Representation of colors

The colors are represented in two scale namely 8-bit grey scale and 24-bit color scale. 8-bit represents 256 shades where 0 represents black and 255 represents white. In case of 24-bit scale color is stored in red, green and blue. The colors can be used in different forms which has its own pros and cons. With the main aim to segregate colors by group different naming nomenclatures are given.

Image representation

Image has been coined as a collection of pixels with each pixel having its own color. The image is determined on the basis on sampling and the resolution. Image can converted into discrete form with the help of modern day devices.Digital cameras enable us by providing high resolution of the image to be captured. This improves the sampling level too.

Image processing clearly shows that with greater resolution of the picture a detailed analysis of an image can be can be obtained. This is because there is a direct relationship between sampling and information of the image.

Histogram

Being an environment friendly technique to analyze an image, it can be a good source of measuring the color spread of the image.

It represents a graphical representation of the count of the frequency at different color level. Extending histogram give a varied feature of plot for each color.

Conclusion

With improving image processing techniques the detailed analysis of the information of the image can be obtained from the image. This not only enhances the quality of the image but also enables us to transmit the image over a channel of communication.

Download  ECE Seminar Report on Image Processing.

Introduction to Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Seminar Topic:

As talking about communication purpose there are various applications that are available in the markets. This applications are very easily available and also in the required budget. Wireless communication is the new trend that is launched currently. Now an addition to the communication device a device named as DWDM called as the dense wavelength division multiplexing has been introduced in the markets latently. 

This device uses the technology that is capable of transmitting the various different wavelengths which carries large data in it. This advanced version of the WDM device and all the features of the WDM are also included in this DWDM.

The advantages of the DWDM are the transmission limit can be easily upgraded by making the use of this DWDM technology, Bit rate transparency here the DWDM carries the optic signals through the various channels. Fast development as this technology can be developed in less duration of time, Economical as this device is less cost than the other expensive device in markets, Wavelength distribution here this wavelength are shared from one system to any of the other situated system, wavelength switching which switches the wavelength bandwidths by the help of OADM.

There are also some limitations of the DWDM like Security protection this device requires more set of materials to get the secured status which leads to more cost of money. It is a non dispersion shifted fiber also called as NDSF, DSF and NZDSF are the other limitations related to the DWDM.

The needs of the dense wavelength division multiplexing and the related bandwidth are incrementing day by day. The service providers that provide the service and the bandwidth do it quick and in less duration of time. This work is only possible with the dense wavelength division multiplex mechanism because it is capable of managing the optic signals in the dynamic way. This will in future permit more easy service to the users.

Download  Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing ECE Seminar Report.

Introduction to Seminar Topic on High Definition Multimedia Interface:

The HDMI called as the high definition multimedia interface is the combination of the video and the audio streams by connecting the transmitter to the digital data. It HDMI is the factorial device which that is the digital connection for the users of the systems. It is the optional mechanism for the other devices like the analog transmissions like frequency of the radio, VGA, Terminal diode etc…

The opportunities of the high definition multimedia interface are the 3^rd Generation, as this application is developing as with the high definition service and also the DVDs too. HDMI are also used in the video games and system computers too. HDMI is also used in the commercial departments too. The demands of the HDMI are also incremental day by day.

The problems of the HDMI are the switching delays happen when the screen turns completely blackouts. Field termination which uses the HDMI cables and these problems cannot be solved if happened. Cost factors because these devices are very expensive in price. Many locations because it is hard run the application in many other various places.

EDID called as the extended Display identification data that are used to get the identity of the audio formats. CEC, Multi-channel audio, DVI compatibility, prone connectors and the HDCP are the some of the other problems of the High definition multimedia interface.

HDMI technology is the wide world device to get connected for the high definition devices. These high definition products make use of the HDMI for better view. These signals are completely user friendly and also help in the entertainment factor of the families. This HDMI connects the audio or the video to the other devices like personal computers Disc player etc… this service is today’s life is providing a great advantage like the video converter that are now in active used by the music players. 

Download  High Definition Multimedia Interface ECE Seminar Report 2011.

Introduction to Seminar Topic on Interfacing human brain with computer:

Interfacing human brain with computer is the concept comes under a brain–computer interface (BCI), also called as mind-machine interface (MMI), it is a direct means communication between human and machine. Its either receives commands from the brain or delivers signals to the brain from the machine, In order know the thoughts and thinking power of a human brain this concept comes to existing providing the easiest way of way performing tasks in a very less time just by giving commands through our brain. In this paper we discuss about various kinds of brain computer interfacing like Electro-encephalography (EEG),

Magneto-encephalography (MEG),

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI),

Positron emission tomography (PET),

Optical technique,

Adaptive Brain Interface (ABI).including their advantages and disadvantages with a proper feedback system.

Existing system: Interfacing human brain is basically start with first most concept Electro-encephalography (EEG), where multiple strands are placed inside the skull in order to take the brain signals. However, this method not achieved the desired results due weak readings. Presently research is being conducted in these fields Using integrated chips inserted into  the brain that have multiple pins having a width equal to human hair  and those are inserted into the cerebral cortex, scientists creating a scope of reading the instructions given by the brain through the pulses produced.

The response of the neural pulses is then sent to a computer which translates by using specific coding and decoding algorithms into required digital computer language. And then it is processed to another computer that receives the information and controls the machine by giving commands.

 Future scope: we can provide multiple connections into the brain with the scope understanding the human levels and to transfer a wide range of information into various parts of the human brain either through direct control or indirect control over the conditions of all individual units in the brain by means of artificial robots.

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Introduction to Seminar Topic on Voltage Regulators:

In this paper we dealt with the importance of voltage regulators in every day transmission and distribution of electricity. The main aim of the voltage regulators is to provide a constant voltage over a wide range of varying load conditions this phenomenon comes under the concept of voltage regulation. Electrical system under fault conditions may not work up to the expected way or stops working permanently. The proper working of the total network depends upon the various factors like voltage sags and surges, voltage sags are one of the main causes for voltage fluctuations. Voltage sags are the most common type of faults occurred in the power transmission .

Voltage Sags and voltage dips are caused due to the abnormal increase or decrease in loads like short circuits faults. In order to overcome these undesirable fault conditions and to maintain the voltage fluctuations with in a range of 5% higher or lower of this margin. There is an intense need of voltage regulators and voltage stabilizers in the primary and secondary distribution networks including home appliances.

Different voltage regulators have different importance and working conditions. In this paper we come across the need of voltage regulators different major kinds of voltage regulators like electro mechanical voltage regulators ,electronic voltage regulators, ac voltage stabilizers ,series and shunt voltage regulators ,dc voltage stabilizers ,active regulators ,linear regulators, switching regulators, silicon controlled rectifiers regulators, automatic voltage regulator and  static voltage regulator  and  their working along with their importance and advantages.

Voltage regulators provide safe and secure operation of the total electrical equipment. The major advantage is its reliability in performing its operations under faulty conditions and providing the consumers the benefit of cost. These days Voltage regulators became very crucial part in any electrical system providing excellent working conditions in order to make electrical transmission easy.

Download  ECE Seminar Report on Voltage Regulators.