Online Exam Project in Java

The Online Exam Project is developed in Java, it is divided into two main parts.They are

  • Users
  • Administration

Users:

This module is mainly concentrated on handling the examination activities. The module begins by offering entry to already registered users or even fresh users can also register the moment they desire to attempt the Examination. This is achieved by the Login form and Sign Up.These are designed in a very interactive form.

After registering, a candidate will be supervised by the rules and regulations of the examination. i.e. the instructions to be followed for facing the examination be given, namely duration of exam, Number of questions, marks for each Question, Maximum marks,etc.,

The next moment, the candidate be allowed to select the choice of subject of examination. The candidate is given the question paper of the selected Subject. The paper should be answered by checking the check boxes or Radio Buttons depending upon the question.

The evaluation of the paper will be carried for the question that is answered in the meantime. The total marks obtained will be displayed and the percentage will be calculated for the total number of questions.

Administration:

The administration module consists of maintaining components of the examination. The components namely

  • Subject of Examination
  • Questions of Subject.

The Subject of examination can be accessed for alteration. i.e. Addition of a Subject, Updation of a subject, Deletion of a Subject and Listing of the Subject of Examination.

The Questions of examination can also be accessed and altered by performing the following operations.i.e

  • Addition of Questions
  • Updation of Questions
  • Deletion of Questions

In the Administration, the system is efficiently maintained by deleting the users who already completed the examination. This is carried out for a period to period.

The system is mainly coded by viewing the user from all angles so that no problems are arisen  in using the system

Online Examination System Project

The Online Examination System Project application is developed for Engineering Colleges. 1000projects is a 100% export oriented scheme for development and export of final Year Projects.

This is started to promote projects by helping Final Year students in terms of providing high-speed satellite links, giving all required government clearances at a single point.

There is always a rising need to conduct tests to assess a person’s knowledge in a subject. As the number of people taking the test is increasing it is becoming difficult to manually evaluate the results, hence the system was developed. 

This was specifically developed to make it available globally on the Internet.

The system developed is designed such that it enables all the interested people to take the test irrespective of the time. Whenever the User finds free times he can use the Online Exam and assess his depth of knowledge.

The application starts by accessing the User name and Password form the User and allows the User to select a subject in which he desires to take the exam. 

After selecting the subject in which he desires to take the exam. After selecting the subject the instructions regarding the Time limit, Total marks, Qualifying marks, and percentages are displayed.

Only if he accepts to the terms and regulations, Questions screen is displayed to the User and is also represented in Graphics in order to give a clear picture to the User.

The system is interactive and user-friendly. The system is developed using Java, AWT, Applets, Servlets, JDBC, HTML, & MS-Access.

Cell Breathing Techniques for Load Balancing in Wireless LANs

In future we can introduce this Cell Breathing Techniques for Load Balancing in Wireless LANs in internet connection mainly in WIFI technology. Already in this project we proved that by using this method we can avoid the network traffic or overload on APs. If we apply this technology on WIFI connection means, we can increase the speed of the internet and get connection continuously without any interrupt. Definitely in future cell breathing method would occupy the major part of the communication field.

                          We are going to develop a novel scheme for optimal load balancing in IEEE 802.11 WLANs. We provided rigorous analysis of the problem and presented two algorithms that find Deterministic optimal solutions. The first algorithm minimizes the load of the congested AP(s) in the network, and the second algorithm produces an optimal min-max (Priority) load balanced solution. These optimal solutions are obtained only with the minimal information which is readily available without any special assistance from the 748 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, VOL. 8, NO. 6, JUNE 2009.In this Project, we can assume only the control on the transmission power of the AP beacon messages. The simulations show that even a small number of power levels, e.g., between 5 and 10, is enough to achieve near optimal results.

Cell Breathing Techniques for Load Balancing in Wireless LANsApplication:

  • In mobile networks nowadays using cell breathing technology for roaming purpose to avoid overload in home network
  • Cell breathing method which finds deterministic global optimal solutions for providing fairness to get the digital voice clarity.

Hardware Specifications:

PROCESSER                   : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz

HARD DISK             : 120 GB

RAM                          :  4 GB

Software Specifications:

OS :- Windows XP Pro

Front End  : – Visual Studio 2010.

Programming Language      :- Visual C# .Net 4.0

Database                   : – Sql Server 2008

Download Cell Breathing Techniques for Load Balancing in Wireless LANs Final Project Documentation

Final Project Report on Power Billing System

Final Project Report on Power Billing System Modules Description:

Login

This module is considered only when there is a requirement of safety and security by the customer. Only after the login process, the rest of the application is made available to the user. 

In order to log in, the user has to first register by providing desired user-ID and password. Provided user-IDs and passwords by the users are maintained in a database. Oracle database is used to maintain a database.

Then the user logins into the application by giving user-ID and password provided during registration process. JDBC is used to connect the application with the database.

 User Login Sequence will be as follows:

  • User registration by providing user-ID and password(credentials)
  •  The user will be prompted to enter user credentials.
  •  If the user enters correct credentials then he gets access to the application.

 Consumer Management

To design front-end forms according to consumer specifications it was like Addition of new consumer, deletion, modification of consumer, processing bills, journals, debit respectively. This module deals with consumer information details.

 New Consumer Acquisition

The proposed software allows the end user to add the new consumer with his personal service (meter and Deposit) details. It generates a unique consumer Identification number based on the DISCOM, Circle, and division, Subdivision, Section and Distribution to which he belongs.

 Modification of Consumer

If any particulars have modified with consumer details, this sub-module is used to modify the consumer details.

Deletion of consumer

If any consumer disconnects the connection then we have to delete the consumer related information from the system. This module is used to delete the consumer. Deletion is made is based on some rules like the payment details will be nil.

Message is displayed as do you want to delete the record.  This deleting record is first entered into watch table. Then this record is deleted from Cons table, Bill, Meter part, deposit tab, calculator and PMTTAT tables.

Query Consumer

When ever we need to see the details of any particular consumer then this sub module will invoke the details and will display on the screen.

Meter Change

Every consumer is having meter for reading details. If meter will change then the meter details will be change in database. This sub module is used to update meter details.

Meter part Change

If any changes occurred in meter particulars then this sub module is used to update. The difference between Meter Change and Meter part Change is when ever Meter will change Meter Change sub module will use and Meter will not Change but Meter Characteristics will change then Meter part sub module will use.

Online Receipt

This sub module is user to online bill payment receipts. It will provide the entry fields to accept payments. It will show the consumer bill details and based on that we will know the bill details which were belongs to consumer whether consumer is having arrears or not. It is done on the spot when the consumer comes to pay bill. This is used by the persons, who know the RC (Revenue Collection) password.

Offline Receipt

This sub module is user to offline bill payment receipts. It is also same as online receipts, but it is used when consumers will pay the bill at general counters. It will show the consumer bill details and based on that we will know the bill details which were belongs to consumer whether consumer is having arrears or not. It is done after the consumer paid the bills offline. This is used by the persons, who know the RC (Revenue Collection) password.

Receipt Cancel

This sub module is allows the user to correct the mistakes done in using online receipt and offline receipt. It will provide the entry fields to cancel the payment receipts only. It will show the receipt details, which was done still by particular RC Counter. This is used by the persons, who know the RC (Revenue Collection) password.

Billing & Accounting

Journal Entry

Journal entry done when a consumer had any debit, credit amounts to pay .To that bill if any additional charges, electricity duty, interest on electricity duty levied on particular consumer no.

In this lccode should present in journal. If we enter consumer no corresponding name should be displayed and rest of the fields we should enter.

It should be updated to Journal.

Cancellation of Journal

If we want to cancel that particular person cancels any journal. It should check LC code, voucher number should match LC code, voucher date should match LC code, voucher no and then date field is selected. Then fields we are selected into corresponding text boxes. This journal is cancelled with field Jtcancelid+=y. Now the field is cancelled from journal.

Change RC Password

Every ERO is having RC Counters to receive online payments. Each RC Counter is hiving RC Code and RC Password. This sub module is allows the user to change his Password for security purpose.

Security requirementsUsers are provided with a login page which contains a user-ID field and a password field. Users are requested to register before using the application. Then, the registered user is asked to provide the password and log-in user-ID in order to access the tool. This ensures security by allowing only authorized users.

Power Billing System Project Report

            The Power Billing System Project Report basically deals with the billing system. Since it’s a web application the problems of single tier could be solved using this application. Customers can lodge a complaint or deal with new connections just by logging into the system.

             The application basically starts by asking the user to sign in by choosing the CIRCLE ID and ERO ID. Later username and password of the employee option is provided. Validating the username and password, the user is directed to the homepage were in he has various options like consumer management, revenue collection,  billing and accounting, generating the report. Regarding the modification, constraint is provided wherein the access is limited to the administrator. The statuses of the requests are updated at the earliest. The rectification information will be again updated for the knowledge of the employee. The employee can check the status of the requests before accessing the computer, which will speed up the disposal of the request. Thus, improving the overall efficiency of the organization.

Scope:

             This application is basically written as a solution to the drawbacks of existing system. This application can be used as a real world application and by any organization. It’s could be used as a general application with few minor modifications.

Purpose:

                        The purpose of this application is to develop “EBS”  (Electronic Billing System), which is a web application which provides a service to all the customers and employees of A.P.S.E.B to deal with the transactions online.

             The company is presently dealing with the transactions using Oracle.  The problem with D2K is that there exists heavy network traffic either in two tier or three tier architecture. Here the cost to develop the project will be less but the reliability will be degraded. Thus this application provides a solution to problems of single tier. Customers can lodge a complaint or deal with new connections just by logging into the system and do the transactions online.

Power Billing System Project ReportProblem & Existing technology:

             In the traditional system files were used to maintain the database which was done manually. This existing system consumes a lot of time. This time consuming evaluation coupled by the huge maintenance problem and may also lead to erroneous results. The various operations performed on these files like sorting, adding, modifying and deletion of the records are very tedious. Moreover these manually maintained files have the possibility of getting worn out. Thus, less durability is achieved.

 Thus the demerits of the existing system can be summarized as follows…

  • There is no consistency as the data may not be updated on time.
  •  Feasibility is reduced
  •  Less reliability
  •  Security is not provided and any one can access
  •  Prioritization of records is difficult.
  •  More erroneous
  •  Difficult to maintain
  •  As every thing is done manually its slow process
  •  No timely acknowledgement service

             Taking the demerits into consideration, an alternative system which uses Oracle as both front end and back end was used. In front end, retrieval of the data from the database is done through SQL queries i.e using D2K forms. This is not a web application and the data is not distributed as only a single system is used. As it is confined only to a particular system, scope is limited and there is a hindrance to the reliability if the system fails.

The demerits of this alternate system are…

  •        Only single system used.
  •        If the system crashes then the data is lost
  •        too overburdened
  •        not reliable
  •       slow processing
  •       less flexible
  •       not so user friendly

Proposed system

             The proposed system is developed based on the client server architecture,  a request-response paradigm and is implemented with the help of advanced java using the tomcat web container. The employees can maintain and do the transactions online.

             The application starts by asking for user name and password which provides authentication. This system provides high security where the unauthorized users cannot access the data.

 Later we have different options for the employee like

  •  Consumer Management
  •  Revenue Collection
  •  Billing and Accounting
  •  Reports
  • Meter Details
  • Ledger Process
  • Journal Details

The objectives of the proposed system are as follows:

  •   Easy to use, effective and efficient
  •   Accurate results.
  •   Easy maintenance.
  •    Fast access
  •    More feasibility
  •    More secure.
  •    Provides high consistency.
  •    More reliable

Monitoring Online Tests through Data Visualization Project

 Monitoring Online Tests through Data Visualization Project Final Year Project having the below Modules:

1. Admin Module

2. User Login Module

3. Test (Client) Module

4. Database (Server) Module

5. Analysis Module

6. Data Visualization

Admin Module

In this module, first it Checks whether he is the authorized admin and once authorized, the admin can able to view the number of registered users for the online test. The admin have the right to Add, Delete or Update the questions with the third party.

User Login Module

In this module, it creates the login for the user by getting their personnel details including their Email, Address etc.After the completion of registration process; they are directed to attend the Online Test.

Test Module

The test module includes the test pattern for the user. The questions are selected from the database, based on respective technique. Once the Registered users entered, they are undertaken by the given questions.

 Database Module

This module contains the questions with the correct answers. The user selected answers are verified with the correct answer.

Analysis module

The analysis of the user behavior is monitored with the user’s answer, time taken for each individual answers, question type, etc. The mark is given as per the user’s answer.

 Data Visualization

  Graphs are plotted according to the user’s mark, and their individual performance. This gives the clear representation of the Users performance.

Employee Tracking System Project in Java

Here in this Employee Tracking System Project in Java the employees when enter in to an organization he starts working on a project or starts doing his task then he gives his detailed time to time work he has done on that particular day to the administrator who in turn prepare the reports of a particular employee and then submits to the project manager, then he analyzes the capability of an employee and he will finally prepare the final reports which include the aspects of an employee are as follows:

1.  The reports will give the significant amount of time and effort invested by the employees time to time, by helping the management to know about their employee’s capability.

2. The employee can immediately know his capacity and the working hours weekly once or when the task allotted to him is finished.

3.  Achievement/target report employee wise.

4. Performance indicator for an employee.

5. Determining the efficiency and the task completed by the employee

   Finally I conclude that this project plays an important role in tracking the timings of the employee and how much time he is working and the entry time and exit time   when a employee cross the gate number of times. And maintain like a small database about the timings of the employee.

              Employee Tracking System Project in Java The developed employee reimbursement system project has been successful in automating all the functions of employees and various departments of 1000Projects Software Solutions. The proposed system has helped the department to reduce its time spent on various data maintenance tasks, reduced the time spent in report generation, and helped it in providing better and user friendly services to its employees.

  The produced System also provided various metrics to analyze the employee performances to the department. It helped the department to dynamically add questions to the database. It provided a mechanism through which the administrator can save the existing database to file about the performance of an employee.

              The management is now able to select best employees in a better and efficient way and judge the employees in a better way

Web Based Time Tracking System Project

              The web based time tracking system Final Year Project will automate the activities of the employees working in various departments of 1000 Projects  Soft Solutions private Limited. The project will implement a system, which will be plugged into the “1000Projects” network of the 1000 Projects Soft Solutions. The main tasks of the proposed system are:

  •     To register the employee targets and detailed working hours of particular employee.
  •     To register the employee job responsibilities.
  •     To register the work done by the individual employee.
  •     To verify the achievements made by the individual one.
  •     To verify the deviations made.
  •     To perform the rating of the employee in particular organization.

To generate reports for an individual employee:

   a) Comparative achievements and deviations report.

   b) Comparative performance grade wise report.

   c) Achievement/target report employee wise.

   d) Rejections and rework report.

   e) Responsibilities/ achievements report.

   f) Performance indicator report.

The inputs to the system are from varied quarters. The system has three types of users. They are the

  • The employee
  • The administrator
  • The project manager
  • The organization

The employee is the one who works in the organization he enters the office at starting time and he gives his work sheets to an administrator at the time of leaving and in that work sheet he should give accountability to every minute .

The Administrator maintains the employee information, operates the database, sets, and he can add, update, and delete the employee details. And he checks the work sheet given by the employee rechecks it and prepares reports and submits to the project manager.

The project manager verifies the reports and decides weather a particular employee is working properly on project and the time taken by the employee to finish the task then he can correct the employee when there are any corrections in completing the task.

The organization is the place where all the employees work and finally it determines the employee efficiency.  

Motivation                

Presently in the existing system, normally in a company, employees enter the office at different times. To administer the timings of the employees, we write the entry time and exit time of the employees in a register, which had some problems such as, a person can cross the door multiple times which cannot be monitored, and not only that, this existing system cannot absolutely tell the authorities the individual working hours and capability of an employee.                  

The proposed system will help the administrator or the manager to reduce its time spent on various data maintenance tasks, reduce time spent in report generation, and help it in providing better and user friendly services to its employees.

The important features of functionality of the proposed system are listed below

  • The proposed system will give the significant amount of time and effort invested by the employees time to time, by helping the management to know about their employee’s capability.
  • The System also provides various metrics to analyze the performances of the employees to the department.
  • It helps the management to dynamically add questions to the database.
    • It provides a mechanism through which the administrator can save the existing database to   file.
    • The employee can immediately know his capacity and the working hours weekly once or when the task allotted to him is finished.
    • The project leader or the management generates desired reports.
      • The system will be plugged into the network of spoorti software solutions. This means that the system will be available to the administrator for use at any time, anywhere in the company.                  

         The system will be developed in a modular fashion and will be well documented. This facilitates new modules and functionality to be added without much unwarranted effort and troubles.

Problem definition

 In the manual system the staff productivity and the performance they exhibit are maintained in the records. In the organizations with many departments, each department having many employees working, it is difficult if the data regarding the employee performance is maintained manually. There may be a lot of time delay in order to retrieve any information regarding the employee performance. If the data is maintained in the records the comparisons between the employees regarding their achievements may become difficult. The duplication of the data may be seen since the data is maintained in many books for each department. Since the data has to be maintained in the registers the organization has to maintain many records.

The reports have to be generated manually and the collection of the data for the reports is a difficult process. The enquiry for a certain data regarding a particular employee is difficult, as they have to refer to the books and judge.

              If the information is maintained using a computer the services may improve. The data can be dealt more effectively and efficiently. The time taken to retrieve any data regarding the employee performance is easy using the system. The evaluation of the employee is easy by his rating stored in the system. The comparisons of the employees at the same level in each department are easy. At any given time we can also get the pending activities. The organization can evaluate the department wise performance in a better way. Since the reports are generated periodically the expertise of each employee can be judged.                   

               For the development of an organization it sees that the employees are working properly and completing the tasks properly or not and how much time they are spending on a particular project to determine the efficiency of an employee.                  

               The 1000 Projects Software Solutions recognized the need to create a system, which is more efficient than the current one. It needed a system, which will help it in its commitment to select value added and efficient employees for the company. The company is also currently in the process of acquiring a more efficient employees. This project is also aimed at helping spoorti software solutions the rating by automating its activities, which is an important requirement towards this end.                  

 Keeping the above points in view the management decided to automate all its activities and select the best employees in a better way. It also helps in keeping tasks for the department, which could now rededicate itself to providing better services and value addition to the company.

Objective of a Project

                 1000 Projects  Software Solutions requires an efficient system, which will record the activities of employees automatically. The proposed system will help the administrator or the manager to reduce its time spent on various data maintenance tasks, reduce time spent in report generation, and help it in providing better and user friendly services to its employees.

The Objectives:

  1. To register the employee targets and detailed working hours of a particular employee.
  2. To register the employee job responsibilities.
  3. To register the work done by the individual employee.
  4. To verify the achievements made by the individual one.
  5. To verify the deviations made.
  6. To perform the rating of the employee in a particular organization.
  7. To generate reports for an individual employee:

          a) Comparative achievements and deviations report.

          b) Comparative performance grade wise report.

          c) Achievement/target report employee wise.

d)   Rejections and rework report.

          e) Responsibilities/ achievements report.

f) Performance indicator report.

Limitations of a Project

                        This Computer Science Mini Project has no limitations because, this project is developed in a java platform (jsp Technology) and it is platform independent. The major limitation of the project is now it is running inside the company and employees can access this application in side the work area of the company. We need to make this Application in the Web so that employees can access the forms from anywhere through Internet.

Project on Airline Reservation System

Non-Functional Requirements of Airline Reservation System:

Performance Requirements:

The performance requirements are as follows:

  • System login/logout and all transactions shall take  less than 10 seconds.
  • Searches shall return results within 5-10 seconds.
  • All Bookings shall be processed within 5-10 seconds.
  • Application shall support 500 users at a time.

Logical Database Requirements:

There are various functions in the website that require the interface of a database. The three Tables below show the different types of information used by various functions, their frequencies of use, and the data entities and their relationships, respectively.

Expected Frequency of Function Used by Users

The figure below illustrates the anticipated number of users utilizing functions during peak time.                                             

Function Frequency of Use
Registration Function 100 –150 users
Account login Function 200 – 300 users
Search (Schedule & Status) 250 – 300 users
Update account info   50 – 100 users
Book Flight & Reserve   50 – 100 users

 Data Entities and their Relationships:

The data entities and the relationships table describe the attributes of the types of data that shall be sent to the database.

 

Table Names

 

Column Lengths

City Information

 – Airport Code

– Airport Name

– City Name

– State

– Zip code

10 characters

20 characters

20 characters

15 characters

10 digits

Flight Bookings

Book Flight ID

– Flyer Number

– Flight Schedule ID

– No of Seats     

10 digits

15 characters

10 digits

10 digits

Hotel BookingHotel name-Hotel ID

-Number of persons

20 characters

2 digits

2 digits

 

Flight Information

 – Flight Number

– Flight Name

– No of seats

 8 characters

20 characters

4 digits

 

Flight Schedules

 Flight Number

– Flight Schedule ID

– Flight Departing Time

– Flight Arrival Time

– Origin

– Destination

– Flight Status

– Cost

– Reserve Seats

– Booked seats

– Left Seats

– No  of miles

 

10 digits

20 characters

Date time

Date time

15 characters

15 characters

15 characters

5 digits

4 digits

4 digits

4 digits

6 digits

User Information

– Username

– Password

– Address

– Zip Code

– E-mail

– Phone Number

 

15 characters

8 characters

25 characters

10 digits

15 characters

13 digits

Design Constraints

The Airline Reservation System shall conform to the following design constraints:

  • Able to support all operating platforms like Windows, Linux, Mac etc.
  • System logs out user after a ten minute inactivity period. 
  • System supports all web browsers (i.e. both graphical and non-graphical like Mozilla, IE, Google Chrome).

Reliability:

         The system will have redundant hardware. In the event of a website outage, support personnel will respond within 30 minutes. In the event of a less severe problem support personnel will respond within 3 hours.                                                                              

Availability:

Airline Website application will be available to Customers with access to the Internet.

 Security:

Customers will be able to access only their own personal information and not that of other Customers. Payments will be handled through a server to ensure the protection of user’s credit card and personal information.

Maintainability:

This product shall be maintained by an administrator in case of any defect. In addition, any update or change that is made will be changed on server-side computers without any patches required by the Customer.

Hotel Room Booking System Project Report

The main aim & objective of this Hotel Room Booking System Project is to give simple application which provides all facilities like room booking, room class type, hall booking, hotel booking, etc…
These are the below methods used in this project

  • Book Hotel
  • Book  Flight + Hotel
  • Logout
  • Account Update

Stimulus: Book Hotel

Click “ Book  Hotel” :

Description: This “Book  Hotel” function allows a user to book a hotel. The user enters  the   destination, check-in date(dd/mm/yyyy), check-out date (dd/mm/yyyy), the number of rooms needed and the number of people who will stay in the hotel.
Inputs: The user enters  the   destination, check-in date(dd/mm/yyyy), check-out date (dd/mm/yyyy), the number of rooms.
 Outputs: It displays available on a webpage.

Source: Inputs provided by the user or saved data.

 Pre-condition: The user is within his/her account and website.

Post condition: The user can select the hotel from the choice of hotels and can proceed to payment

Side-effects: None.

 Stimulus: Book  Flight + Hotel

Click “Book Flight + Hotel”

Description: From the home page, the user can select Book Flight + Hotel. This will take them to a page which will contain a form in which they can input the flight and hotel information..

Inputs: Source, Destination, Departure date, Return date, number of travelers, one way and round trip, check-in date, check-out date, number of people staying and number of rooms needed. For new user, first name, last name, middle name (if any), date of birth, gender, mailing address, billing address, and email.
Outputs: A list of deals satisfying the criteria will be displayed by prices from the lowest to the highest.

Source: The input will come from the keyboard

Pre-Condition: The user should be logged in.

Post-Condition:  The database will be updated with the flight request information. After the user is done with this page, they must press the “Make Payment” button to move to the next page.

Side-effects: None.

Stimulus:  Logout

Click “Logout”.

Description:  The “Logout” function allows a user to quit/exit from his/her account for secured reasons.

Inputs: No Inputs

Source: None.

Outputs: No Outputs.

Destination: None.

Requires: User needs to be logged in.

Pre-condition: The user is inside the website and logged in.

Post-condition: User gets logged out.

Side-effects:  None

Stimulus:  Account Update
Click “Update”:

Description:  The “Update” function enables the user to view/update his profile at any time. The user can change his address, phone number, email or password.

Inputs: first name, last name, address, phone number, email, password and credit card information.

Source: All inputs provided by the user.

Outputs: Updated profile.

Destination: The outputs are displayed on the screen.

Requires:  User should have an account.

Pre-condition: The user is inside the website and logged in.

Post-condition: The user has updated information in his/her account.

Side-effects:  None

User Account Logout: The account logout function shall allow users to exit their personal website account for security purposes.  This module allows users to logout their accounts.