Category: ECE and EEE Project Abstracts

This category consists of latest abstracts which can be used for institutions for developing new projects for electrical and electronic final year students. Electronics students can download mini and major projects with abstracts and project reports.

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Electronic Safety Assistance for Blind Using Micro controller and Dsp Voice Processor

Introduction:

The main objective of this project is to provide safety for blind people from obstacles. This device ensures safety for the blind while walking. The device is to be carried by blind and when the device senses any obstacle it gives the message through voice processor and accordingly he can move. The entire design is built on the concept of embedded system and AT89C52 microcontroller is used which monitors the components.

Circuit design and working:

AT89C52 microcontroller is the heart of the design. The IR waves are transmitted into free space and when these touch the obstacle its gets reflected. The reflected waves are receives by the IR receiver. The demodulator is used to process the signal and it gives the processed signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then drives the relay connected to the dsp voice processor by which the blind person can come to know about the obstacle. The microcontroller is provided with an oscillator frequency of 12mhz, and a reset logic signal is fed to the microcontroller so restart when bugs occur. The entire circuit is provide with an rechargeable battery source. The advantage of selecting AT89C52 microcontroller is that it has an 8kb of flash memory. The relay is to drive the dsp voice processor according to the given signal.

Advantages:

The device is very helpful for the blind people to go in a exact path without the help of others. Instead of using IR signals we can also use light signals detecting obstacles. The IR signal response for after the detection of obstacle is delayed by 0.2 seconds which is to be overcome.

Download Electronic Safety Assistance for Blind Using Micro controller and Dsp Voice Processor.

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Electronic House Project Abstract

Introduction to electronic house:

The main aim of this project is to save the power in a house hold environment. We will employ certain techniques to reduce the usage of power. In this we are six major equipments which are use monitor all the devices present. By using this model we can have a monitor control over the devices.  All the monitoring equipments are controlled using a remote controller. The six equipments are

Remote operated gate control;

This is used for opening and closing of the gates, it has a sensor placed in front of the gate which gives us the signal on the remote so that we can operate the gate. By using this we can provide safety to the house.

Auto adjustable timer unit:

By using this timer unit we can set the time control for the working of the devices , after the completion of the time the devices gets off. This is used to set time control for devices like water sprinkler in garden, and bed lights etc.

Remote operated appliances:

This is used for controlling the devices like fan, ac, tv ,washing machines etc. All these appliances made on or off by using the remote control.

Touch sensitive burglar alarm for internal security:

This is used for providing internal security to lockers and some cupboards. The sensor placed for these things gives an alarm when touched by a un identity.

Automatic gate light and bell system:

This device is to give  a bell and puts on lights when the person is entering. By this we can the power by reducing the unnecessary use of gate lights. From the automatic bell we can know when any one is coming.

Water level indicator and controller:

By  using this we can know the level of water in the tank and it automatically puts off the pump when the tank gets full. By using these equipments we can save the power.

Download Electronic House Project Abstract.

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Electronic Components Tester Project Report

Introduction:

The main objective of this paper is to design a device which can test the electronic components accurately. In this paper we will discuss the testing of electronic components and how to repair them. A multi meter like device is designed by using a 8051 micro controller. By using this we cannot know the operational parameters of the device but we know only whether the device is working or not.

Micro controller working:

We will select an AT89C52 microcontroller which comes under the family of 8051. It is an low power and high performance 8 bit cmos microcontroller. The special feature of this microcontroller is that it has 8kb of internal flash memory which is not available in most of the microcontrollers. It is a powerful and highly flexible for the design of embedded control applications. It is a 40 pin device in which 32 pins can be used for input and output purpose and it has 256 bytes of ram. It has idle mode which halts the normal execution and allows the interrupt to continue execution.

Testing process:

An IC555 timer is used to generate a pulse which is used for testing the electronic component. The pulse is fed to the input line of the micro controller. A control unit is present in the circuit so as to adjust the pulse frequencies accordingly. At the output line of the micro controller we connect the electronic components to check its working. We can see the output values in the lcd. By using this device we can check the working of transistors and diodes. The present available multi meters have only specific capability of checking only diodes or transistors. We cannot know the operational parameters of the components so cannot know at what point of value the component cannot work in the circuit. Thus we can conclude that this device is high performance capable and low cost when compare to that of available multi meters.

Download Electronic Components Tester Project Report.

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Electro active Polymer “Artificial Muscle” Operable In Ultra High Hydrostatic Pressure Environment

Introduction:

Electro active polymers can withstand high present in the deep seas. These polymers are used as skins for devices so that the devices with the pressures in the under water. Electro active polymers have benefits of high coupling efficiency and low cost of availability. The electro active polymer shows good characteristics even under pressures upto 100 mpa. In this paper will see the design and the experimental testing of the polymers.

Brief on electro active polymers:

These are used as transducers for high power sonar’s so as to undergo high pressures. The electro active polymers are prepared from elastomeric actuator. These actuators are formed from two flexible elastic electrodes which sandwich an electrically insulated elastomeric. When the voltage is applied in between the electrodes the get squeezed and expand in area. These have high coupling efficiency because of low visco elastic loss and electrical leakages. It has specific density energy of 21 times that of single crystal peizo electric and can withstand maximum strains.

Experimental testing method:

Here a medium size  water tank is used in which high pressures are generated. Here the maximum pressure can be 159 mpa and has a supply voltage of 2.74 mpa.  It has a flexible transparent membrane which can exert pressure on the polymer. The device is placed in a box and is sealed with silicon oil.  The box is placed in the tank which generates the deep sea conditions. A camera is placed in the tank to monitor the active region. By increasing the pressure levels upto 100mpa the strain a measured. By using a micro meter capler the conditions of the active region for different supplied voltages are measured. As the pressure does not make the polymer to show any changes then we can use it for sonar transducers.

Download Electro active Polymer “Artificial Muscle” Operable In Ultra High Hydrostatic Pressure Environment.

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Electricity Generation from Speed Breakers Project Report

Introduction:

In today’s world where every equipment requires electricity for its working, and the demand for the electricity is increasing rapidly. The fossil fuels are getting extinct and there is a need for the search of alternative sources to meet the present electricity demands. In this paper we are going to discuss about one of the available  conventional method for the generation of electricity. All moving vehicles posses kinetic energy, we will use this kinetic energy for the generation of electricity. The entire model is built under a speed breaker and when passes through the speed breaker it generates electricity. We will call this arrangement as power hump. The power generated is stored in rechargeable device for future use.

Working model:

The entire model is placed under the dome of the speed breaker. The springs are placed under the dome and to these spring racks are connected. When the vehicle passes through speed breaker it creates a compression and this makes the springs to move the racks. The racks are connected to the gear unit and a shaft is placed to maintain a uniform motion. A dynamo is used to convert the rotational motion to electricity. The generated electricity gets stored in the batteries for further use.

Advantages and Disadvantages:

This type conventional energy models are very helpful for the generation of electricity with low cost. By the use of fossil fuels the environment gets polluted and by using these conventional methods the nature does not get affected. By using this model we need to look into each time in order to check the disturbances. By using these conventional methods we cannot generate the required power. New methods have to be employed to generate higher voltages. Thus we conclude that these conventional methods can be used for generating electricity to meet the present demands.

Download Electricity Generation from Speed Breakers Project Report.

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Microcontroller Based Dc Motor Speed Control System Project Report

Introduction to speed control technique:

There are several techniques for controlling the speed of DC motor. Some of techniques used are rheostat and chopper control technique which are not that much effective. In this project we are going to employ PWM technique for controlling the speed of DC motor. The AT89C52 microcontroller generates required PWM wave.

Working Design;

A step down transformer is used to obtain the required voltage for the dc motor from the given 230V. A bridge rectifier is used to regulate the voltage generated. Capacitor is used to filter the generated voltage an IC7806 is used to bypass the ripples. The micro controller by using the timer 0 it generates the required PWM waveform.  Two switches are connected to interrupt pins of micro controller, when these are pressed it changes the duty cycle of the dc motor. The generated variable pulse is given to drive the circuit which controls the speed of the motor. The PWM pulse is varied in 10 discrete pulses in the software program. The programming is written in c and keil software is used for compilation.

Testing Process:

To obtain the required speed of the DC motor , certain tests are performed to check the speed of the motor. First the PWM circuit is tested the waveform is tested for each discrete pulse of the output voltages so that the changes occurred can be rectified. Then the speed of the motor is tested for varying voltages and the varying speed of motor is noted for every rise in voltages. Thus we conclude that the PWM technique is the most efficient for controlling the speed of the DC motor.

Download Micro controller Based Dc Motor Speed Control System Project Report.

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Reactive Power Static Compensation by Using Condensator Project Report

Introduction to reactive power:

Reactive power does not contribute anything to energy. Due to reactive power the efficiency of the energy systems decreases. The reactive power is the opposition of the load elements. It is consumed or generated by all the elements present in the system. Reactance which contributes the reactive power can be of resistive or capacitive. The paper mainly aims at making the power factor to unity by using the available techniques. If the power factor is more than unity then more power will be consumed by the elements than the required amount which in turn causes power loss which is to be reduced.

Capacitor compensation implementation:

The capacitor compensation method is the efficient method for reducing the reactive power. To overcome the voltage drops and power losses we will use the series and shunt reactive compensation. In the industries all the load elements are inductive so we use capacitive compensation make the capacitor leading and load lagging. In the circuit the capacitor bank is connected parallel to the load and a pic 16f877 is placed to measure the phase difference of the current and voltage. If the capacitor bank is off then there will be a more phase difference between the voltage and current and when it is on their won’t be phase difference which reduces the reactive power.

Advantages of capacitor compensation:

This is the cheapest method for reducing the reactive power.  This is the effective method for keeping no phase difference between the voltage and current. It reduces the power loss in the generation and transmission. By using this we can control the usage of power by the elements which reduce the more power consumption. Thus we can conclude that capacitor compensation method is more advantageous than the synchronous motor method. 

Download Reactive Power Static Compensation by Using Condensator Project Report.

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Over Line and Under Line Voltage Protection for Electrical Appliances Project Abstract

Introduction:

This paper elaborates the working of a voltage protection unit for electrical appliances. This circuit provides the power to the appliance from the main power supply. Suppose if any voltage fluctuations occur in the main power supply then the circuit gets automatically switched off, by this the electrical appliance gets protected from voltage fluctuations. The entire circuit works on the signals driven from the op-amps. For obtaining we use relays. Depending upon the voltage fluctuations these relays work. In this project we are going to use an op-amp IC LM324 which serves as a comparator. The IC LM324consists of four operational amplifiers but in this design we will make use of only two op-amps.

Circuit designing and working:

Here the input from the main power supply is given to the regulated power supply. The output of the regulated power supply is fed to the op-amp of IC in which we use only op-amp 1 and op-amp2. The  output of this op-amps is given to the transistor circuit. The transistor driver circuit gives the respective pulse to the relay circuit. The electrical appliance is connected to the relay. If the voltage at the inverting terminal is greater then the non inverting terminal then the op-amps makes the relay off. This process  occurs vice versa for less voltages.

Advantages:

This type of equipment is very useful for protecting the appliances against short circuit. We may not get a constant voltage from the power supply and this device works efficiently for the control these disturbances.

Download Over Line and Under Line Voltage Protection for Electrical Appliances Project Abstract.

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Ultra High Speed Low Power Electric Drive System Project Report

Introduction to electric drive systems:

Small and portable power compressors and spindles require ultra high speed and low power electric drives. In this paper we will discuss a drive system which operates at 500000 rpm and output power of 100w. The proposed design has a bidirectional power capability and drive controller. This drive system can be directly connected to mesoscale gas turbines.

Drive system overview and design:

To design such high speed and low power portable models, machine and power electronics are to be considered together other one factor may influence the other factor. Depending upon the size of the design the torque and speed varies. Micro gas turbine systems have an direct connected permanent magnets which generate output power in the range of 10 to 100 watts. The power electronics allow the ac currents of the machine in a bidirectional power flow. A dsp processor is used to implement a drive control system which allows the drive to communicate with the other control systems. For gate drivers dsp and other control drives an additional auxiliary power supply is provided. The drive control is designed by using a position sensor and is monitored in software platform. To achieve the speed of 500000 rpm high speed ball bearings are used and which are of small size and have high robustness. Static air bearings or dynamic air bearings are used to generate air pressure in the rotor and these have very low fiction and a long life time.

Power electronics selection and operation:

The power electronics interface becomes very complex for the drives with low motor inductance of small designs with high fundamental frequency. For such selection the machine design and the number of passive components and position of rotor and speed sensing factors are to be considered. For such drives sensor less position estimation is the best approach because of space restrictions. Synchronous position motor gives the rotor position information so that we can provide proper communication to the phase currents. Thus we can conclude that such small drives are designed by undergoing various complexities.

Download Ultra High Speed Low Power Electric Drive System Project Report.

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Electrical Apparatus Controlling By Using Mobile Phones Project Abstract

Introduction to mobile based controlling:

This paper explains the mobile based controlling of various appliances. The mobile act as a transmitter for sending the signal to the micro controller which makes the appliance on or off. The DTMF technique is use for sending message pulses from mobile phone to receiver. To drive the appliances they are connected with relays. The entire circuit works with a 5v dc power supply. A decoder is placed in the receiver unit to decode the signal sent from the mobile.

Brief into the working process:

By pressing the buttons on the mobile phone two tones are generated due to DTMF technique one tone is for identifying the signal and other tone is for identifying the message signal of on or off. At the receiver unit the decoder decodes it and gives the information to the AT89C52 microcontroller. The microcontroller processes it and gives the signal to the driver which drives the relay, by which the respective relay gets on or off. The microcontroller is compiled and run on keil software. Suppose if any error occurs in sent signal then the microcontroller automatically reboots itself. As the microcontroller is a 40 pin configured device we can connect a maximum of 8 relays . if the number of appliances are more we need not change the microcontroller we can connect a multiplexer to the relays depending upon the number of devices.

Applications:

This can be effectively utilized in household purpose, for controlling the home appliance from any long distances. We can also check the status of the home appliance by using mobile. This can also be used in industrial purpose. Thus we can conclude that by using this model we can monitor the appliances in long distances.

Download Electrical Apparatus Controlling By Using Mobile Phones Project Abstract.