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Description: The research paper speaks about Network Security and Cryptography. In this world of burgeoning network connections, if anything is seriously jeopardized it is security. It is said in the research paper Network Security Seminar and Cryptography Seminar that information passes through hardwired network and there is every chance of any hacker playing foul and peeking into very personal information and trying to benefit from it in ways that one cannot imagine. The role of cryptography comes into existence in a scenario like this.

Cryptography is the art of encrypting information in order to secure it form any third part attack. Cryptography encrypts the information in order to authorize, authenticate and gives the user a supreme level of access control. Three types of cryptographic algorithms have been in vogue lately. The single key algorithm uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt, the public key algorithm gives two keys to encrypt and decrypt and hash key is an algorithm that irreversibly encrypts the data.

What is ISO: The International Standards Organization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Reference Model defines seven layers of communications types, and the interfaces among them. Each layer depends on the services provided by the layer below it, all the way down to the physical network hardware, such as the computer’s network interface card, and the wires that connect the cards together.

It is suggested in the research paper that the Internet is the world’s largest network of networks. When you want to access the resources offered by the Internet, you don’t really connect to the Internet; you connect to a network that is eventually connected to the Internet backbone, a network of extremely fast network components.

Conclusion: The research paper concludes on a note saying that there is a significant need of Network Security and an ever increasing threat posed to network security. It is a domain that has to incessantly on vigil.

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Description: The research paper talks about Network Security and Cryptography. It has been suggested in the research paper that there has been an exponential activity in computer world and so virtual transactions and web-based transactions are on a all time high. Gone are the days of standing in the queues and waiting for your turn to come unending. Things have gone to an extent where in a smart card and simple means of identification will give you access control and authentication to your online account. E-commerce and e-transactions, online purchases and payments have transformed the world like never before.

The research paper Network Security and Cryptography Technical Paper suggests that a coin always has two sides with such ease in transaction activities threat over network security is severely threatened. There could be a hacker whi is quietly peeking into your activity and transaction record and might exploit you in order to be benefited. In a situation like that your morale gets greatly devastated. Cryptography is the science of encrypting your information. The encrypted information can be decrypted only by an authorized user. Cryptography has grown by leaps and bounds lately. Single key cryptographic algorithms, public-key algorithms and the hash keys are the ones popular in the world of cryptography.

A single key has a single code to encrypt and decrypt. Public key has two codes and hash key uses an irreversible algorithm to encrypt a specific data. Cryptography is an indispensable tool wherever security is questioned when data passes through a network having an administrator and a node.

Conclusion: The research paper concludes on a note of quoting the inevitable role played by cryptography by providing network security. The domain is growing incessantly and so is the security threat. If scientists come with ways of securing information, hackers who are geniuses in their own right come up with ways of breaking the security layers and robbing the information.

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Description: The research paper talks about Network Custody System. Gone are the days when there was a custodian taking care of your belongings and held answerability and authority and accountability. The research paper says that in this world of expanding virtual business transaction it becomes very necessary to have tailor-made security measures. Unique identification techniques and access control measures have to be there and in case of their existence already have to be fortified in such a way as to facilitate smooth transactions.

The research paper CSE Seminar 2012 on NETWORK CUSTODY SYSTEM suggests that recent trends in market practices require custodians to service clients across global markets. Cross-border trading becomes the order as investment spreads across the globe and grows at astronomical rates. This in turn has led to increase in trade volumes. Custodians also need to adapt to the ever-changing needs of local and foreign-investors and also meet increasing statutory obligations.

With so many demands being made, custodians are relying heavily on technology in a bid to remain in the race. However, technology solutions can help only when custodians know exactly what they want from them. Client services like status information; trade settlement information and client reporting are top priority. Solutions that anticipate client needs and help provide services with least delay and pains are a boon.

The research paper suggests that custodians looking for technology solutions are not merely looking for automation of processes. Maintaining a network of custodian- sub-custodian- Investment manager- client, being first with information and services, availing real time message processing and update of transactions, as well as workflow management, are some of the capabilities that interest them.

Conclusion: The research paper suggests that the Network Custody System (NCS) was initially launched both in scripted and non-scripted medium. NCS requires high level of automation in a range of custodial activities such as trade settlement, corporate action administration, registration of securities, billing etc.

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Description: The research paper Nanotechnology Presentation For ECE & CSE Students talks about nanotechnology and its effect over the future. The research paper talks about Nanotechnology as the breakthrough research in the field of computer science engineering. Nanotechnology involves alignment of atoms in a way so as to generate maximum effectiveness. This is a science that depends on the atomic alignment. Atoms thus aligned are said to be very powerful in generating the desired effect.

Nanotechnology in scientific terms is the miniaturization technique. Nanotechnology employs miniature tools and gadgets like nanorobots that hit the target area and bring in the desired result. Nanotechnology as an application might prove to be miraculous in the fields of medicine, automobiles and telecommunication. The effects of miniature gadgets are positively produced without spoiling/damaging the surrounding environment. Nanotechnology also serves effectively in rescue operations for devastating events like earthquake and many more. Nanotechnology takes place at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1-100 nanometer range. A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter.

Surgical procedures and Nanotechnology: The research paper says that Robotic surgical systems are being developed to provide surgeons with extraordinary control over precision instruments. This is particularly useful for minimally invasive surgery. Instead of manipulating surgical instruments, surgeons use their thumbs and fingers to move joystick handles on a control console to maneuver two robot arms containing miniature instruments that are inserted into ports in the patient. The surgeon’s movements transform large motions on the remote controls into micro-movements on the robot arms to greatly improve mechanical precision and safety.

Conclusion: For many a human being nanotechnology might sound both fantastic and imaginary. It requires really extraordinary imagination skills to understand what happens at an atomic level. Nanotechnology is one very promising domain which has in it a potential to answer questions and problems pertaining to tumors, cancers and many more. The incipient domain has a long way to go.

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