Category: CSE Seminar Topics

Introduction to Smart Sensors Presentation:

The tremendous increase in integrated circuit is because of progress in semi conductor device which result in low cost microprocessor therefore it is possible to design low cost silicon based sensors which reduced the cost of control system. The main aim of integrating circuit is to design intelligent sensors which are called as smart sensors and it can perform many functions such as logic function, two way communication and decision making.

Usefulness of silicon technology in smart sensors: – A smart sensors utilize the properties of silicon materials. Silicon integrating chips make the sensors chip to have the single solution chip. Many of their physical effects can be used in making sensors. In this silicon can be used of sensing wide range of radiant signals. Silicon can be used for measuring force and pressure. Silicon can be used for showing temperature. Silicon is non magnetic material therefore it can be used for making sensors.

Importance: – Smart sensors have processors therefore it can be used for correction of many different sensors. The coat of the sensor depends on the setup which is done inside the sensor. Through it digital communication can be possible. It has much application like self calibration, computation, communication and multisensing. It increases the system reliability. Since in it the signal is not transmitted through wires therefore noise disturbance is very low.

Design: – design of smart sensors depends on the specific application for which it is made. It includes many functions such as sensor excitation, analogue input, data conversion and control processor. There are many different smart sensors such as optical sensor which is used in cameras, infrared detector array it sense the temperature, accelerometer and integrated multisensor which can sense gas flow, chemical reaction, cantilever, vapour sensor.

Conclusion: – From these developing sensors we can say that in coming decades a large number of sensors will going to develop.

 Download  Smart Sensors PPT Free Download .

Introduction to Smart Sensor Seminar Topic:

Smart sensors are the nest revolutionary tool which senses the data from the real world. Smart sensors are capable of prediction, interpretation and communication. For this purpose the system must be reconfigured and perform the necessary data interpretation, fusion of data from multiple sensors. These sensors also provide functions that perform computation of complex sensing and actuating task with high level application.

Its function can be classified in three terms of compensation, it provide the ability to system to detect and changes in the network environment and second one is information processing, which aims the data processing and interpret the collected data and third one is communication and integration in which communication standardized the network protocol and integrated one does the coupling of sensing and computation of chip level. Another one is validation sensors in which required to avoid the potential disastrous effect of the propagation of erroneous data. Data fusion is another one in which combine information from different sensors.

Smart sensor network: – A sensor network is a collection of sensors interconnected with each other by a communication network. A sensor network is made up of individual multifunctional sensor nodes. It has much significance like sensing accuracy, area coverage, connectivity, minimal human interaction.

Challenges: – There are many challenges in smart sensors they are changing network topology, in its high level services communication protocols are required and another is resource optimization.

Application of smart sensors:- It uses in tire pressure monitoring in this information is wirelessly transmitted to the driver and another one is, bush wire response, intelligent transportation, health monitoring, water management and eco system monitoring and robotic landmine detection, in it sensors are used to detect and deactivation of mines.

Conclusion: – The smart sensors are very costly, highly accurate and reliable. The smart sensor revolution will going to effect the market in the whole world.

 Download  Smart Sensor Seminar Report .

Introduction to Smart Note Taker Technology:

It is a device that uses java applet program for its working.  It traces the motion of the pen and then draws the word and shapes on the computer.  It means when we write using the pen it is directly converted into the words in the file like word file that can be edited. It also used in the seminars by the teacher. It is setup like that it can it can identify more than 20 languages.

It uses special pen that comprises of sensors, memory, processor, battery and display. When we write it try to detect the shape and capture the motion and then display on the monitor. Now this information can be send to other computers using network. It also works if we write in the air. In case if you draw the shape then it draws the shape looking like that on the computer screen. For that it uses java language that support graphics very well. We generally use to two types of note taking: Standard and computerized.

There are different types of noted taker are available in the market like:

Pc note taker: they are the most advanced note taker. That uses real time for that, and capture the movement of the pen and then display them on the screen. They are also compatible with the note books.

I-Pen: they are the portable device that uses USB to connect with the computer then detect the motion of the pen.

Smart pen: it is just like a pen but it comprises of small computer and sensors that are embedded with the pen.

Advantages and disadvantages:  it is very accurate and also detects our normal handwriting. As it uses java language so it is compatible with all the graphics software. It is very costly for daily use.

 Download  Smart Note Taker Abstract .

Introduction to Technical Seminar on Smart Note Taker:

It is a java application that can be used to convert the hand written notes into the word file or editable document. It detects the shaped formed on the file and try to convert them in the suitable words. Or we can say that it keep on tracking the motion of user, he is drawing the shape and then draw the suitable shape  according to it

When we draw the shape it detects the shape and then tries to match the word in the database and then display the result. For this we require displacement sensors, analog to digital convertor and switch and pc with suitable operating system.

It reduces the dependency on paper. It is very useful for teaching purpose, generally used in the teachers in the big seminars. For this we use electronic pen.  There are several products related to note maker like pc note maker, mobile note maker, smart quill, solo pen note maker.

Mobile note maker: this uses portable device. It has in build LCD. It has flash memory that can use to store up-to A4 size papers.

Pc note maker: they are the advanced device based on the real time. It can be used for many things like for writing and for image drawing also.

Solo pen: this device records the motion of its own. This can be used for writing short notes, and we can also write in the air. It is connected with pc with infrared.  It is available in the market at the price of $100.

Smart quill: it works with sensors and with gravity and sense the motion of the pen whether on the paper or in the air. If u wants to enter something we can press the button on the pen. They are used in the mobile devices, printers, desktops etc.

 Download  Technical Seminar on Smart Note Taker .

Introduction to Smart Dust Technology Seminar Topic:

They are the tiny devices that are advanced in the integration and the energy management. They are developed with the help of the MEMS technology.  They are the mechanical systems that contain many mechanical elements. There devices are made of many components like MEMS sensors, optical receiver, signal processor, and batteries for power source. They use very less power.

It contain microcontroller that determines the working of the device, which task need to be performed. It continuously collects data from all the sensors and then converts them into the physical data, or mathematical data for manipulations. These devices are also called motes.

They use radio and optical transmission for the device.

Radio transmission: for such transmission they require the antenna of proper height. They work on the transmission of radio transmission. But it has some limitations like it require space for antenna setup. They also require modulation and demodulation of radio frequency.

Optical transmission: they also three techniques like:

–         Passive reflective systems: they use special device like CCR. It consists of three mirrors that are connected to each other such that they reflect back the incident light parallel in the direction they entered.  But it has some limitations like it only works for small base band so it cannot be extended from more than 1 km.

–         Laser based: this technique used laser light for the transmission. It has the high power density.

–         Active optical transmitter: it is direct communication between the nodes. In these techniques they can connect over longer distance ant very low bits.

Applications: they are used in the military for security of soldiers, they detect the biological environment and then notify the soldiers that it contain any harmful substance or not. They are also used in the medical field for monitoring the movement inside human body or insect body also.

 Download  Smart Dust Technology Seminar Report .

Introduction to Seminar Topic on Smart Dust:

It is very small device that have very enormous features. It basically combines the more than one technology with the best feature and at the extremely low price. They are basically the size of dust. They can have the size of the 5mm. A research company like DARPA been working on such device. It is very small but too functional. It has the capability of micro electrical mechanical system. It comprises of semi-conductor diode. Few sensors, optical receiver, small circuitry, signal processor, CCR (cube retro reflector).

CCR consist of three 3 mirrors that are connected perpendicular to each other. They reflect the light at certain angle to the source. As it is very small so it is very difficult to construct such device. As this device consist of radio communication so it very difficult to construct such thing.

They use generally two type of transmission technique:

Radio transmission technique: it detects the electromagnetic waves, and can also generate and propagate the radio signals.  They use different multiplexing techniques. If we use RF technique then we must keep few things in mind like the height of the tower, multiplexing techniques like TDMA, FDMA and CDMA.

Optical transmission technique: in this technique they use for laser for bi-directional connection or they can also use fiber optics cable. But if you use fiber optic technique then it has some limitations like mobility of the smart dust.

Applications: they are used to identify the environment and for pollution control. Used by the military to alert the soldier from any biological defect. They can be also used for monitoring the indoor or outdoor and also can be used for security purpose. It is also used in the medical department for checking up internal problems

 Download  Seminar Topic and Report on Smart Dust.

Introduction to Seminar Topics on Integrated Circuits:

Integrated circuits are made of semiconductors; they are crystal chips that contain both active and passive components. They are fabricated in two ways either monolithic way or hybrid way. They work linear or digital or interfaced. There are developed according to the requirement like Small scale integration, medium scale integration, large scale integration and very large scale integration.

There are very small in size and have high reliability. They consume very less power and work very fast. Then is also they are very cheap in cost. But they have few disadvantages like they have poor frequency performance. Power dissipation is low; it is very difficult to achieve the high voltage.

In today technology 3-D VLSI circuits are used, it includes the feature of SoC (System on Chip) which does not work in 2-d circuits. The interconnection delays are increased, and the entire chip is divided in to the number of blocks. 3-d circuits have systems on the chips that reduce the number of I/O pins and increase the power efficiency.

In 3-d chips, entire 2-d chips are divided into the number of blocks and they are stacked on each other with separate layer Si, and all the layer are interconnected with each other.

Advantages: they reduce the circuitry wiring and also the area of the circuit, which in result decrease the capacitance of the circuit. Analog and digital components are mixed and then they are placed together, so that they can achieve better noise performance and can lower the electromagnetic interference as much as possible.

Applications; they are used in mobiles, cameras, mp3 players etc. they are used in the almost every electronic devices. They are also used in the ROM and NAND flash technology.

 Download  Seminar Topics on Integrated Circuits.

Introduction to Seminar Topic on Slammer Worm:

This is just like a computer virus that spread very fast unlike other worms. This worm was first on the 25 January 2003; it has exploited the Microsoft SQL server engine. These worms are also called sapphire. These worms exploited around 75000 hosts which result in network failure, airline flights are cancelled, elections were stopped and ATMs are failed. These worms only harm networks; they overload the network and disable the database connection.

It affects any computer randomly; it randomly selects the IP address of any computer and then exploits it. It increases itself exponentially, but after sometime it begin to saturate the network the with its scan and bandwidth consumptions. It has the capability to perform the 250,000 scans in 1 hour, as it starts slowly but it increases itself exponentially.

This worm does not contain any explicitly payload, they only cause the disruption. They majorly attacked the bank ATMs and their data bases. They make the networks equipment failure. We can overcome the slammer attack if we can control the few machines from the target network, then we can do the DoS attack for the entire network by using the special program that can minimize the slammer behavior. These are high speed worms; we need automatic worm defenses to minimize them.

No one knows who designed this worm, it code does not have any used information. He has designed the best worm with no mistake to get identified. This worm doesn’t have any variable in the code. User have the proper knowledge of the x86 coding skills, it means it doesn’t require any administrative privilege to use the system. This also shows the fact it is best suited for Microsoft SQL server for constructions.( it can be exploit in single packet). 

 Download  Seminar Topic and Report on Slammer Worm.

Introduction to Technical Seminar Topic on Sky-X Technology:

Satellites are used for internet access and for any network access. But they give the limited bandwidth means speed of the connection are limited. We can overcome this problem by using Sky-x technology. With the help of this technology we can directly connect to the satellite for internet access or any network access. It allows the user to access full bandwidth made available by the satellite. They replace TCP over satellite link. It enhances the network without any modification at the client side, means the performance of the data transmission is improved. They give speed 10-100 times more than normal connection.

 It improves the IP performance by combining the connection, data compression and web fetching and remains transparent at the client side. They convert TCP to XTP for transferring over the satellite. There no changes require for XTP connection. We just need to install the hardware at the satellite like XR10, XH45 and XH155, they are readily available. We need to install software in our PCs.

This is the multicast technology, means many user can receive the data from single stream. They can be used in the real time applications like event broadcasting. They combine bandwidth, protocol, application and system level all together to give the best performance through the satellite networks.  They start slow to determine safe transmission and then later they boost up.

Now the Sky-x accelerators are added to the new version, so as to accelerate the transfer of large and small files. It will minimize the re-transmission and it also has been modified to deal better with errors and try to recover fast from errors. They database backups which are usually not required, and speed up the XML and http sessions. Bandwidth utilization is more improved.

 Download  Technical Seminar Report on Sky-X Technology.

Introduction to Seminar Topic on Sky-X Technology:

There are some restrictions in the protocol system of the satellite networks as they have bandwidth limitations.  To overcome such limitations we can we can use the sky-x technology.  They have their own product, gateway and they do not require any modification at the client and servers. They support all the TCP applications.

This technology over comes the bandwidth limitations. They TCP and uses their own gateway and product, without any modification at the server client end.  They connect the pc of the user directly to the satellite and the speed increased to the 10-100 times and performance is very much increased. They replace TCP with XTP (Xpress transport control). This provides high speed networks.  They spit the protocol transmission system and provide satellite based connection to the user and remain transparent at the user end.

They have the capability to provide the speed up to 10mbps – 45 mbps. They provide multicast features. They provide trustable data transfer, if in case data failed to send then they send the data again. They remove the dependency on TCP. They give the output greater than actual bandwidth.  Sky X has three gateways XR10, XH45 and XH155. They are always ready for any hardware solution that can be added to any satellite. We have private access over the satellites.

We can also say it is a multicast technology. It means it has multiple recipients and that receive single data stream. They convert TCP unicast components into the multicast transfer that also transparently. They transfer the speed by compressing the data 5 times.

TCP network is slow and are not suited for the satellite as it reduces the data flow over the network and over all connection not good. So it’s better to use sky x technology for better transmission.

 Download  Seminar Topic and Report on Sky-X Technology.