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This Project Report On Desertec The Next Gen Green Power is about DESERTEC. The DESERTEC is a concept proposed by the DESERTEC Foundation for making use of solar energy and wind energy. DESERTEC means “Desert and Technology”.  DESERTEC envisages using deserts to erect Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants to generate utility-scale power. Scientists say the global energy crisis can be solved by using desert sun. This would allow a 70 per cent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from electricity production over the period.

Many people think of solar power as a few panels on the roof of a house producing hot water or a bit of electricity. But according to two reports prepared for the German government, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa should be building vast solar farms in North Africa’s deserts using a simple technology that more resembles using a magnifying glass to burn a hole in a piece of paper than any space age technology.

ADVANTAGES:

•           With CSP, less than 1% of the world’s deserts could produce as much electricity as the world is using now. •            The shaded areas under solar collectors are protected against the harshness of direct tropical sunlight. They have many potential uses including horticulture using desalinated sea water. •        Solar electricity may serve as a clean source of power for steel making.

DISADVANTAGES:

•           Centralized solar energy plants and transmission lines may become a target of terrorist attacks. •   Some experts fear that generating so much of the electricity consumed in Europe in Africa would create a political dependency on North African countries which have corruption and a lack of cross-border coordination. • Desertec would require extensive economic and political cooperation.

Project Report On Desertec The Next Gen Green Power Conclusion:

The Desertrec can help to improve relations amongst different groups of people. By alleviating shortages of energy, water, food and usable land, CSP can reduce the risk of conflict over those resources. HVDC grids do not replace existing HVAC grids, they complement them and the losses are only about 3% per 1000 km.

Download Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report On Desertec The Next Gen Green Power.

The main goal of this Density Sensed Street Light Intensity Control to Save Energy is to reduce energy consumption in the streets. According to the existing system, power consumption is more due to the irregular functionalities of the street lights. By using our proposed system, we can take control of energy consumption. be the light in a dark state, when the car crosses the sensor (controller), begins to increase slightly. Brightness of light on the number of vehicles is based; the sensor depends on the cross. when a car crosses the sensor, the light will be bright at least. More than three vehicles at the sensor will be the light at maximum brightness. By the proposed system, we can control the energy consumption of street lighting.

There are two modes in this project for saving power:

1. General mode (For vehicles only)

2. Dim mode (both for vehicles and pedestrians)

 Density Sensed Street Light Intensity Control to Save Energy Conclusion:

This project of Density Sensed Street Light Intensity Control To Save Energy is a cost-effective, practical, environmentally friendly and safest way to save energy. It is clear that addresses two problems the world faces today, energy savings and the elimination of incandescent bulbs, very efficient. According to the statistical data we can store consumes more than 40% of electricity through the streets now. The initial and maintenance costs can be taken on this project. May cost with the advances in technology and good planning, the project resources are cut, and also with the use of a good care team may also be reduced in relation to regular checks. LEDs have a long life, emit a cold light, have the donor no toxic materials and can be used to change quickly. For these reasons, this project has many advantages over the current restrictions can imitate. Given the long-term benefits and the cost would not be a problem since the time of the return on investment is much lower.

Download Density Sensed Street Light Intensity Control to Save Energy Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

This Project Report On Control Of Dc Fan is about the DC fan and its control, the report provides the detailed explanation of DC fan, its use and how DC fan work. The aim of the project DC fan is to control a 12V DC fan using a power electronic circuit works on the operation of Thermistor. A rectified 12V DC input is given to the circuit which contains an arrangement of Thermistor, Relay, Potentiometer and various other electronic components like Diode, Transistor and Resistors.

The operation of 12 volt DC cooling fans typically used to supply cooling air to electronic equipment: These fans are typically based on two-phase Brushless DC (BLDC) motors drawing between 1 and 50 watts of power. Single-phase brushless DC motors are also used in fans, but this is outside the scope of this application note.

The report also contains the details of Thermistor. Thermistor are widely used as inrush current limiters, temperature sensors, self-resetting over current protectors, and self-regulating heating elements.

There nine elements are available in this report that are explain how the DC fan words. The elements are Theory of Operation, Thermistor, Transformer, DIODE, Variable Resistors, Rectifier, Light-emitting diode (LED), Relay.

If 230V input voltage of the transformer is given, then we get 12V output supply of the secondary terminals, the output voltage of the rectifier circuit is applied, and it directs the 12-volt alternating current into direct current and the rectified voltage is working on the application main circuit and our circuit and is controlled by the change of temperature thermistor signal to the internal circuitry and the fan speed.

Project Report On Control Of Dc Fan Conclusion:

In the future, this type of circuit can be used for the design of smart-house concept by various other sensors. This circuit can also continue to vary for the design temperature measurement fan whose speed is implemented as per the requirement of people.

Download Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report On Control Of Dc Fan.

This Computer Automated Dryer for Thin Layer Grain Drying project report presents the design and manufacture of laboratory model of a computer automated dryer for thin layer drying of grain. A blower forces air through the grains in the oven. Various process parameters of the corresponding sensors are acquired at specific intervals for a period of time a PCL-207 card interfaces to other Pc. The temperature of the drying chamber is kept constant by triggering a thyristor with different ignition with the PCL-207 card, which controls the input voltage to the heater. Weight of sample-time curves plotted at different temperatures, and the results are satisfactory.

The basic purpose of drying grain is to reduce its moisture content to a level acceptable for safe storage. Conventional dryers use bulk quantity of grain for drying. Even the Laboratory model fabricated for drying operation is voluminous. Moreover, many of its operations are manual and hence, less accurate. For the purpose of study of the property of grain drying, one needs a single-kernel or at best a thin layer drying process. The aim of the present work is to design and fabricate a laboratory model of computer automated dryer for the study of thin layer grain drying process.

There are various types of diagrams available in this report which will explain the clear idea of the project. The diagrams names are Schematic representation of the setup, Block diagram of data acquisition scheme, Additional signal processing circuit, Block diagram of temperature control scheme, Synchronisation circuit, Thyristor firing circuit etc.

Conclusion:

The laboratory model was an automatic dryer for drying a thin layer of corn developed and tested. The dryer is easily the variables of the various processes controlled temperature automatically. The software has the flexibility to make the drying process for some time to get it upright. The results are consistent with those in the literature. Compared to conventional dryers, it is less cumbersome and more accurate.

Download Computer Automated Dryer for Thin Layer Grain Drying Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

This Computer Aided Design for a PV System And Investigation Of 3 Phase Thyristor Converter project report is the brief description of Computer Aided Design, Pv System And Investigation and Thyristor Converter used to converts energy from the sunlight into electricity.  The report explains the details of energy conversion in two parts with different aspect of energy.

A photovoltaic cell converts energy from the sunlight into electricity. The radiation from the sun is made up of tiny particles of energy called photons. As these photons impact on the cell, some of them are absorbed into the cell. The energy from the photons on impact causes electrons to be free. The movement of the free electrons is what generates electricity.

A thyristor is a switching semi conductor device that is unidirectional, that is to say it can only conduct in a single direction. It can be seen that a thyristor is basically a combination of PNP and NPN bipolar transistors.  To make the thyristor conduct a voltage is applied at the gate which turns on the NPN transistor which in turn makes the PNP to start conducting. Once both transistors are ON, they remain ON until turned OFF. Due the mode of operation and behaviour as described earlier, thyristors are used in 3 phase rectified circuits. This type of rectifier using thyristors is referred to as line commutated controlled rectifier.

Conclusion:

A  PV system can be made to track maximum power point by incorporating a PI controller into the PV system. The PI controller adjusts the PV voltage based on the maximum power point. With properly tuned values of proportional gain and integral gain, the PI controller reduces ripples and improves transient response. In a 3 phase thyristor rectifier using 6 thyristors, the thyristors are triggered it sequence resulting in the formation of 6 pulse DC voltage waveforms.

Download Computer Aided Design for a PV System And Investigation Of 3 Phase Thyristor Converter Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

The Project Report On Carriage And Wagon Workshop Dahod Carriage and Wagon Workshop Dahod is starts with detailed history of Dahod. The report explains about the purpose of selecting Dahod as carriage and wagon workshop and also given the construction details of workshop.

Originally, the workshop at Lower Parel (Bombay) was catering to the requirement of POH of locomotives, passenger carriages and freight cars of then Bombay, Baroda and Central India (BB&CI) Railway. With the increase in the train services, Lower Parel workshop was not able to cope with the arising of all the three types of rolling stock. Therefore, it was decided to shift locomotive POH activity from Lower Parel to some other place.

Dahod was selected for construction of POH workshop for steam locomotive fleet because of its pleasant weather, availability of cheap land and sincere workforce. Dahod is also ideally situated mid-way between Bombay and Delhi, the main route of BB&CI Railway broad gauge system.

The workshop has a versatile layout enabling it to tackle any type of engineering assignment. This workshop was indeed utilized for production of armament during the Second World War from October 1941 to August 1943 suspending locomotive repair activities, steam locomotive repair activities of BB&CI Railway were entrusted to GIP Railway’s workshop at Parel (Bombay) during War.

The workshop undertakes the periodic overhauling of two main types of coaches. The first category of the coach is known as the ICF design coaches. The second category of the coach is the LHB design coaches. The workshop is headed by the Chief Workshop manager. There are five departments dealing with various activities such as Mechanical, Electrical, Materials Management, Finance & Accounts, HRD, Audit and Security.

Project Report On Carriage And Wagon Workshop Dahod Conclusion:

Carriage and Wagon Workshop Dahod undertakes the periodic overhauling of passenger main line coaches of Western Railway. It also manufactures wheel sets for the workshop as well as various divisions of Western Railway and also the EMU workshop.

Download Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report On Carriage And Wagon Workshop Dahod.

Project Report On Automatic Sun Tracking System – ASTS can be used for Parabolic Trough tracker, Dishes tracker, PV (Photovoltaic generator) tracker, Heliostat, Solar Furnace and so on. Even though the theory of the controller system is similar to all the applications, there are some differences: the precision requirement for dishes tracker is stricter than PV tracker, while the Heliostat and solar furnace need the strictest precision requirement, and more difficult to apply solar sensor to make a closed-loop control system. So, when design these systems, selection of motor type, controller type and tracking mode should be different.

ASTS is a hybrid hardware/software project.

The software includes:

• VB 6.0 based GUI.

• Microsoft Access Database.

• Embedded Software (written in C) for microcontroller AT89c52.

The hardware includes:

• Solar panel assembly structure containing six functional sensors, stepper motor and solar cells.

• System Control Unit containing LCD, Keypad, Error Indicators and Emergency Stop switch.

• Complete PCB containing two microcontrollers (89c52). First one is the Master Microcontroller which controls the automatic operation of ASTS. While second one the Slave Microcontroller serially communicates (RS232) with VB software in computer.

The project report discussed about the details of Motor Selection, Solar Sensor.  Computer Based Control Unit is completely software based control, written in VB 6.0. It incorporates a GUI (figure-10) and a Database, linked with Microsoft Access. Using this software the computer serially communicates (RS232) with the ASTS. The Slave microcontroller (89c51) of the system makes this communication successful.

Project Report On Automatic Sun Tracking System Conclusion:

Although ASTS is a proto type towards a real system, but still its software and hardware can be used to drive a real and very huge solar panel. A small portable battery can drive its control circuitry. Therefore by just replacing the sensing instrument, its algorithm and control system can be used in RADAR and moveable Dish Antennas.

Download Project Report On Automatic Sun Tracking System

This Automatic Power Factor Corrector Using Capacitive Load Bank Project Report represents a constant load power factor correction without manual capacitive bank. A PFC controller provides power factor correction and peak-current limit for any converter topology switching power supplies (buck, boost or buck-boost), without directly sense the coil current.

Automated Power Factor Corrector with a capacitive load banks is helpful in providing power factor correction without manual capacitive load bank. Previously, the power factor correction was done manually by adjusting the capacitive bank. Now this automated project helps us to reduce the staff and thus helping to take the time to the power factor to increase the efficiency of the right help.

The report discussed about some of the important issues in different chapters like:

Chapter 2:  This chapter discussed about the Embedded Systems.

Chapter 3:  In this 3rd chapter functions have been discussed in detail about Micro controllers .

Chapter 4:   This chapter discussed about Programming the Flash.

Chapter 5:  This chapter discussed about Automatic Power factor Controller.

Chapter 6:   This chapter discussed about the Component Specifications.

Chapter 7:  This chapter discussed about the Load Banks.

Chapter 8: Conclusion and future scope utilities have been mentioned in this final chapter        proceeded with required references.

Automatic Power Factor Corrector Using Capacitive Load Bank Project Report Conclusion:

By observing all aspects of the power factor it is clear that power factor is the most significant part for the utility Company as well as for the consumer. Utility company rid of from the power losses while the consumer free from low power factor penalty charges. The automotive power factor correction using capacitive load banks is very efficient as it reduces the cost by decreasing the power drawn from the supply and as it operates automatically men are not required to operate this ,so this Automated Power factor Correction using capacitive load banks must be used for the industries purpose in the future.

Download Automatic Power Factor Corrector Using Capacitive Load Bank Project Report.

This Project Report On Windmill Speedometer With Frequency Counter is primarily designed to calculate the speed of the motor; this is achieved through the use of microcontroller and photo sensor. The photo-sensor is near the engine. If the motor has a rotation of the photo-sensor senses this and generates the pulse. This pulse is transmitted to the microcontroller. Microcontroller acts as a switch. So, when a pulse from the microcontroller light barrier, increases the counter. The count is based on the LCD, which is displayed in digital form.

The idea behind most of the digital counter frequency meter and tachometer, a micro-controller is used to count the pulses coming from a sensor or other device. In the case of this rev counter is counted by the proximity sensor may be, when the reflective element about them all to be discovered, and thus provide an output pulse for each revolution of the shaft as shown in the picture. These pulses are fed to the microcontroller and counted. Main components used : 5 V DC Power Supply, ATMEL AT89S52 Microcontroller, Analog to Digital Converter ( ADC – 0808 ),LCD 16*2 Alpha Numeric, Buzzer – Frequency ( 1 to 18 khz, 5V – 12V DC ).

 Project Report On Windmill Speedometer With Frequency Counter Conclusion:

This report is to calculate the speed of the engine. Been calculated in previous days, the speed of the engine through the contact tachometer, is only limited speed can be calculated, and the accurate reading cannot be maintained and shows the calculated value in analog form, this is analogous to the display hard to understand. So in this project, we can overcome these problems mentioned above, we use this non-contact tachometer. From this we can calculate, tachometer, the motor speed to a great extent. And accurate reading is obtained; calculated value is in the form of digital, which is easy to understand. Actual reading value display digital form .It uses digital display so avoids alignment problem.

Download Project Report On Windmill Speedometer With Frequency Counter.