Category: CSE Paper Presentations

Introduction to Seminar Topic on Computer Hardware:

Random Access Memory (RAM)
RAM is referred as random access memory. RAM is a place within the system or the computer and it is having responsibility of data staking away on basis of temporary, so it can be accessed promptly by processor. In RAM information is stored and typically loaded it from hard disk of computer, data which is related to certain applications and the operating system. When switch off the system, all stored information is lost by RAM. The information remains saved and when system is in running mode then only data can be retrieved.

When memory of RAM is full, the system is likely more to perform operations at low speed. In any random order data can be retrieved. Normally, RAM is two types, one is named as Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and other one named as Static RAM (SRAM). When on the computer many programs are running simultaneously, the computer is allowed by virtual memory to perform search operation in RAM for portions of memory which is not accessed from long time and those are copied onto computer hard drive. RAM space is freed by this action and system is enabled to load various programs.

 Read Only Memory (ROM)

This memory type is active, apart from the system is switched off or is turned on. It is considered as non-volatile storage memory which is permanent kind. The name which is specified as ‘read only’ suggests included content in it which is not modified or changed. It is considered as pre programmed integrated circuit with needed data which is necessary for computer to perform its internal functionality.

Cache

Cache is other type of RAM which is accessed by computer system more responsively than in regular RAM. In memory of cache central processing unit appears before searching is performed in area of central storage to recognize needed information. System needs are ruled out by this for system to perform information search in bigger and larger areas of memory storage, which leads to data faster extraction.

 Computer Hard Drive

These are considered as important components of data storage which is installed in computer CPU. Their ranges of memory widely, and memory is chosen by user depending upon needed data which can be accessed and stored. In today’s environment, hard drives have 120 gigabytes to 500 GB memory capacity are normally utilized.

 Flash Memory

This is non-volatile memory which is contributed to storage that is portable and convenient data transfer from one system to another. Data which is presented in it can be programmed or erased as per the requirements of user. Only specific erases are owned by it and write withstand cycles after creation of tendency on stored information to lose out. USB flash drives and memory cards are memory storage some modes.

These are just main and common memory types of main computer which facilitate data and memory storage. But, many sub types are presented according to related functionalities of memory they are sorted out and requirements are performed and served by them.

The major component   in the C P U is memory which stores the data .the C P U works based on this memory. Data storage in the memory is done in the form of bits using binary numeral system. Text, numbers, pictures, audio, and nearly any other form of information can be transformed into a series of bits, or binary digits, which contains a value 1 or 0.

The most common unit of storage is the byte, equal to 8 bits.  It acts as a memory for CPU  i.e. remains all things  for C P U  since the CPU needs information while it is processing it takes the data from this memory i.e.

Random access memory  it also advice’s c p u what to do or not to do  with the data  and they immediate results calculated by C P U is also stored in this memory  since it is random access memory it is stored temporarily when the system is switched of  the information is lost   this is one of the disadvantage  making C PU work useless  this can be  solved by  hard disc 

There are three types of memories available which is used by C P U they are

• Primary storage (or main memory or internal memory)
• Secondary storage
• Tertiary storage

Tape  is  magnetically covered  band which is   developed of plastic it stores huge data it is less in cost .it allows  only READ and WRITE functions for data it is better used for permanent storage  and  support .in real life the  magnetic strip card is compared with entertainment card, bank card e t c  which contains a strip on it and asks for authentication  for identifying the card  it reads the data from concerned strip .

Smart card is also same in size of debit card  it  uses the concept of microprocessor s to store the data this data is very rapid in accessing the data   and updating  of data is also very fast   a MICROFILM is used  which is of  100- to 215-foot. Microfiche is also same kind like microfilm but this dimension  are small  these two lessens the role of paper films and these are less in cost  and have high life capacity  for storing the data.

Microfiche is also same kind like microfilm but this dimension  are small  these two lessens the role of paper films and these are less in cost  and have high life capacity  for storing the data. The last one is enterprise which takes the support of computers, networks, servers these gives scope for storing high volume of data some systems which uses enterprise provides huge memory space of more than 185 TB capacity.

Introduction to Optical Discs Seminar Topic:

Characteristics of Optical Discs:

An optical disc is a kind in the storage media which is made up of plastic, lacquer and metal and can be viewed in round, flat in shape. These disks are also portable in nature. Significantly, information, movies, software, photos can be stored in the optical disks.

The optical disks have microscopic pits and lands the pits are called as the indentations and lands are called as the flat areas and these are located in the middle layer of the disc. Generally the items in the optical disc are stored in a single track, which will twist to the end of the disc from the center of the disc. Similar to the hard disks the single track is classified into various sections.

Variations in the types of Optical Discs

There are different type of  optical discs present  these are explained in detail  1 a compact disc or CD-ROM in this the data is stored with the help of laser technology .customer can read the data but cannot edit the data or remove the data .

2) compact disc-recordable it is used for  multipurpose  at a time we can write the data or read eth data but one disadvantage  write  can be done only once  and here text as well as audio files ,and video files can be stored .here also we cannot clear the data.

3) compact disc-rewritable in this type of discs we can read as well as write not for one time but form many times .it also saves  pictures in the jpg format .

4) picture cd  it stores the  data in digital format   this also uses jpg format only

5) digital versatile disc-read-only memory or digital video disc-read-only memory it contains a very large amount of memory   that we can read and write but cannot erase   this is costly compare to other types

6) DVD Blu-ray Disc-ROM  this is the most expensive Rom with  more efficiency  and better performance including write ,read, erase  better than DVD  IN THIS THRE  are many versions are provided   DVD+R, DVD-recordable formats, DVD-R.

Introduction to Literature Review on Advantages of Cloud Computing:

 Cloud storage provides storage for those who use computers and this is an internet service. Based on the storage requirements of the user the fee of the cloud storage are varies, and this cloud storage is available for all the users varying with different sizes and also provides different levels of storage services both for the business and home users.

The main advantage of the cloud storage is that the files can be accessed from any device computer on the internet using the access of internet. Cloud storage can instantly allow large video, audio and graphics files storage on the internet. The files on the internet can be accessed by others also, that means even the other users are also allowed to access the files on the internet.

The other advantages provided by the cloud storage are critical information can be viewed instantly, images can be seen automatically, and data can be stored as “off-site backups” and can also offer functionalists for data center. 

Introduction to Flash Memory Storage Seminar Topic:

There are different type of flash memory storages they are solid state drive it uses  flash memory for storing purpose   follows all the protocols and instructions  similarly memory cared is one thing which can be attached or detached  it can be fixed in  mobile device or card writer  some of them are  Secure Digital (SD), microSDHC, xD Picture Card, Compact Flash (CF), Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC), Memory Stick Micro (M2), Memory Stick, it is also known as thumb drive  it can be fixed in computer or mobile  .

And the last but not the least is Express Card it only sets for express card slot it  attaches the memory storage   and other capabilities.

Flash memory has the capability to read write and read while erase with a upgrading up to 256 mbit. Flash memory works efficiently at a low voltage with a 16 bit data bus. 

Download  Seminar Report on Flash Memory Storage .

Introduction to Network Attached Storage seminar topic:

In present trend every organization is looking or cost cut off for maintain data along with reliability, scalability and offer good performance. As total number of internet users are increasing capacity required for storing data is also increasing so there is a need to optimize storage methods.

A  NAS device  acts like a server    which serves  as storage  .is designed by raid configuration  it contains a  peripheral hard disc  it  lays distinguishably which is  connected through a cable  or USB  and sometimes communicated wirelessly .

The capacity of this device approximately 4tb and so, times higher  this can be  attached or removed  whenever required  these have very high  space  for storing .it has some sophisticated  chips for special purpose and electron circuits the transport the data  and creates some protocols  for transporting purpose .it also internal buses   for this purposes which are  held in computer. It may act as a controller or motherboard are it may detached and used as adapter card.

In this seminar topic we cover detailed explanation on network attached storage device.

Download  Seminar Report on Network Attached Storage .