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Description: The research paper All about Fingerprint Biometrics speaks of fingerprint biometrics which is going to have a great market value in the future. With the advent of technology and things such as e-transactions and smart cards becoming almost ubiquitous, the role has security has attained a greater significance like never before. Scientists specializing in the area of biometrics have discovered that the individual physical traits of a human being are unique and never hold comparison with any other human being. The identification of this fact led to a breakthrough in biometrics’ research.

What are the various biometric procedures:

Various biometric procedures like the retina scan, voice recognition, facial recognition and fingerprint recognition techniques are now in vogue and provide serious kind of security and access control. Among all the aforementioned biometric procedures, the fingerprint technique is considered the most effective, cheaper and reliable one. The research paper discusses a specific method adopted in biometric procedures. It is called Fingerprint identification by using artificial neural network with optical wavelet preprocessing. When choosing a specific biometric procedure for identification, the following things have to be contemplated.

1. What is the basis of the characteristic’s uniqueness?
2. Can the process perform effective search on a huge data base?
3. How the users would respond to this?
4. Cost per user
5. Implementation costs
6. Maintenance costs and
7. Usability for other processes.

Conclusion: From the given biometric procedures the fingerprint technique is the most effective one that comes up with almost accurate results. Although biometric technology offers some effective answers to many security solutions, it might be very costly to implement certain aspects of biometrics. The use of biometrics in the expanding world of e-transactions and smart cards is becoming indispensable. The awareness of the field should be created and the scope of the field should be pronounced often.

Download All about Fingerprint Biometrics BE/B Tech Seminar Topic

Description: The research paper Seminar Projects on Finger Print Authentication speaks about Finger Print Authentication. Biometrics is the domain of Computer Science Engineering that believes that the individual characteristic attributes of a person are unique. Observing these traits and analyzing them will give newer solutions to security systems. The security systems and the symbiotic relation with biological traits forms the cult of biometrics. Biometrics provide both data security and access control. The following procedures like voice recognition, face scan, retinal scan and many more are prevalent biometric procedures, but the best of all and most cost effective with superior results over other procedures is Finger Print Authentication.

A fingerprint is composed of ridges, the elevated lines of flesh that make up the various patterns of the print, separated by valleys. Ridges form a variety of patterns that include loops, whorls and arches, Minutiae are discontinuities in ridges, and can take the form of ridge endings, bifurcations (forks), crossovers (intersections) and many others. Fingerprint authentication is done considering the overall data obtained. The data print thus obtained is converted to a substet using an algorithm. Modern forensic fingerprinting, with files on the order of 250kB per finger, is used in large scale, one-to-many searches with huge databases, and can require hours for

verification. Fingerprint authentication, using files of less than 1000 bytes, is used for one-to-one verification and give results in just a few seconds.

In use, fingerprint authentication is very simple. First, a user enrolls in the system by providing a fingerprint sample. The sensor captures the fingerprint image. The sensor image is interpreted and the representative features extracted to a data file by algorithms either on a host computer or a local processor (in applications such as cellular handsets).This data file then serves as the users individual identification template.

Conclusion: The research paper concludes on a note that the fingerprinting authentication is one of the most reliable biometric procedures.

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Description: The research paper Human Computer Interaction Finger Tracking speaks on more recent researches made in the arena of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Earlier the human computer interaction interface was restricted to monitor, keyboard and mouse but now with increase in technological knowledge the concept slowly enhanced into voice, speech recognition, position recognition models have enriched the domain and have roped in some very sophisticated means of human computer interaction.

Finger tracking is using bare hand to put various aspects of a computer into application. This makes the procedure much faster and easier. Fingertip finding is the use of hands and their various positions to kick-start a computer application. Fingertip findings aim at minimizing the use of keyboard and mouse. The natural hand movements are perceived by the computers and the necessary command is undertaken. Different types of finger tracking methods are recognized and explained in the research paper, they are:

1. Color Tracking Systems
2. Correlation Tracking Systems
3. Contour based Tracking Systems

The research paper talks about the FingerMouse. The FingerMouse system makes it possible to control a standard11 mouse pointer with bare hand. If the user moves an outstretched forefinger in front of the camera, the mouse pointer follows the finger in real-time. Keeping the finger in the same position for one second generates a single mouse click. An outstretched thumb invokes the double-click command; the mouse-wheel is activated by stretching out all five fingers.

Conclusion: The research paper concludes on a note that the finger-tracking system works on lighter backgrounds with little clutter. Although the maximum size of search area is 1.5*1m it can be easily increased. Finger tracking easily adapts to different situations and conditions. It is user friendly enabling him to use the system anytime. There is no restriction of speed of the finger. No additional accessories like gloves or any other such thing is required.

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Description: The research paper File Compression Format The Algorithm and Technique speaks about the File Compression Format, the algorithm and technique. The research paper introduces VoiceXML, the Voice eXtensible Markup Language. VoiceXML is designed for creating audio dialogs that feature synthesized speech, digitized audio, recognition of spoken and DTMF key input, recording of spoken input, telephony, and mixed initiative conversations. The major goal of VoiceXML is to bring the advantages of web-based development and content delivery to interactive voice response applications. The most important goal of VoiceXML is to analyze the computer language, understand speech grammar and determine the applications of the same.

Data compression is not an easy task. It could sometimes to be difficult to master, hard to implement and tough to maintain. LZW compression replaces strings of characters with single codes. It does not do any analysis of the incoming text. Instead, it just adds every new string of characters it sees to a table of strings. Compression occurs when a single code is output instead of a string of characters. The companion algorithm for compression is the decompression algorithm. It needs to be able to take the stream of codes output from the compression algorithm, and use them to exactly recreate the input stream. One reason for the efficiency of the LZW algorithm is that it does not need to pass the string table to the decompression code.

Conclusion: The research paper concludes on a note that the VoiceXML has become very popular in the recent times. With the evolution of technology and tools available like Artificial Intelligence this technology is gaining and is fortifying its footage. Speech interaction based servers provide a very natural medium for communication. Such a thing helps people having literally no idea of what VoiceXML is. Gaming industry that has voice and grammatical script could be greatly benefited by VoiceXML.

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Description: The research paper Farwell Brain Fingerprinting A Breakthrough in Criminal Investigations speaks about Farwell Brain Fingerprinting. It is considered a major breakthrough in criminal investigations. There is no dearth of criminals and crimes in this world. Thanks to technology that now there are certain advanced methods that will not save the criminal hiding in some remotest corner of the world. Such a wonderful technique is the brain fingerprinting technique. The method uses brain waves to connect with the evidence of crime stored in his/her brain. Such a method could be a boon to help the innocent that are unnecessarily roped into the crime. The technique will also help identify the actual perpetrators of the crime and put them to rigorous legal proceedings.

The research paper posits that both fingerprinting and DNA finger printing are very effective. But both these techniques expect the investigator to put in more effort. Collecting fingerprints and biological samples, preserving them, all these require lot of time and patience that goes unsaid. All these upheavals made scientists ask a fundamental question: What does the criminal take with him from the scene of crime? The answer happens to be his brain. Hence brain fingerprinting is one very effective, non-pervasive, non-stressful means of reaching the truth.

How it is done: Brain Fingerprinting is formulated on the principle that the brain is the epicenter to all human acts. In a criminal act, there may or may not be many kinds of peripheral evidence, but the brain is always there, functioning, planning, executing, and recording the crime. The major difference between a perpetrator and a falsely accused, innocent person is that the perpetrator, having committed the crime, has the details of the crime stored in his brain, and the innocent suspect does not. This is what Brain Fingerprinting detects scientifically.

Conclusion: The Brain fingerprinting technology is the revolutionary way of detecting crimes. With 100% accuracy rates the technology will weed out the notorious criminals and expose them to the world like never before.

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Description: The research paper Eye Movement Based Human Computer Interaction Techniques speaks about eye movement based human computer interaction. The research paper speaks about the breakthrough researches that are in vogue in the arena of non-command interfaces. The research paper identifies a problem saying that the typical human and computer interactions are one sided. It is suggested that the bandwidth from computer to user is far wider than the bandwidth from user to computer. This is considered a potential upheaval considering the speed of operations performed. Eye Movement based computer human interaction can offer greater speed of processing and interaction and greater efficiency by increasing the scope of human –computer interaction bandwidth.

All about the non-touch interaction:

The research paper talks about the possibilities and inherent limitations that crop when the input to the computers is through eyes. The concept is so different and complicated. While trying to input information through eyes, scientists suggest natural eye movement and certainly not the trained one.  The technique commences by studying the characteristics of natural eye movements and then attempts to recognize corresponding patterns in the raw data obtainable from the eye tracker, convert them into tokens with higher-level meaning, and then build dialogues based on the known characteristics of eye movements. These eye movement based interactions set a new example of non-touch commands to the computer. It represents a change in input from objects for the user to actuate by specific commands to passive equipment that simply senses parameters of the user’s body.

Conclusion: Non-touch based interaction or giving the input to computers with eyes is one major breakthrough in the domain. It can certainly be adjudged as the ray of hope for disabled people or people busy with multitasking. The focus right now is over the natural eye movement to facilitate working but I future conscious eye movements will take over for getting onto specific tasks.

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Description: The research paper Extensible Style Sheet Language XSL Seminar Report talks about extensible style sheet language (XSL). It describes what it is. The research paper says that how style sheets help in describing specific data during presentations. These sheets help with language and pronunciation. In absence of style sheets additional components needed for presentations should be taken over by HTML tags and so on. Web style sheets have been in vogue lately but their creative prowess went unobserved. Web editors have started using Netscape’s proprietary pages to enhance their presentation skills instead of creating their own powerful pages. Style sheets help in more effective presentations at the same time safeguarding the webpage’s integrity.

Some important terminology:  

• XML – Extensible MarkUp Language – Allows data or content to be marked up using tags invented by the author.
• CSS – Cascading Style Sheets – A technique, that’s used to add style to HTML.
• DSSSL – Document Style Semantics and Specification Language – An international standard for associating processing with SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) documents (in other words how a printer should process it!).

Conclusion: XSL (Extensible Style Language) is a styles sheet language designed for the Web community. It provides functionality far beyond CSS (e.g. element reordering). XSL is intended to be accessible to the markup level user by providing a declarative solution to most data description and rendering requirements. Less common tasks are accommodated through a graceful escape to a familiar scripting environment. This approach is familiar to the Web publishing community as it is modeled after the HTML/JavaScript environment. With XSL, the family of XML specifications now includes: XML — the subset of SGML that is the XML language. XLL –addressing and linking capabilities defined in the XPointer and XLink specs .XSL — a language to specify the association of presentation style with XML information

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Description: The research presentation Exception Handling Runtime Errors CSE Technical Paper talks about Exception Handling. It explains lucidly what exception handling is. The research paper suggests that exceptions are runtime errors which occur when user gives an invalid entry. Exceptions are not logical or syntax errors. Exception handling is the way to deal with these errors.

The presentation suggests that EH in VB.net is done by two ways:

1. Structured method
2. Unstructured method

In the unstructured method the error is skipped or ignored. In the structured method the exceptions are handled in a structural pattern by individual blocks.

Syntax à try
Statements to execute

Catch Variable as exception class
Statements to handle exception
Finally mandatory statement

End try

The base class to work with exceptions is “system.exception”

 Conclusion: The presentation concludes on a note that A single try block can have any number of catch blocks defined for it.

• Try blocks can be nested.
• It is mandatory to define at least one catch block for a single try block.
• Finally block is an optional block if used within a try block definition then the code written in that block will always be executed.
• A single try block can have zero or only one finally block defined for it

 Whenever an exception occurs then if the try block is defined with more than one catch then each and every catch block is verified in a sequential order till it encounters a valid catch block.

Download Exception Handling Runtime Errors CSE Technical Paper.