Category: CSE Seminar Topics

Introduction to  3-Dimensional Virtual Reality in Urban Management Seminar Topic:

This white paper is about 3D Virtual reality (VR) in urban management, also discussed about its drawbacks and future improvements. This paper is explaining about the construction of houses in urban areas based on 3D virtual reality technology. 

Applications of 3D Virtual Reality in Urban Management:

The following are some of the 3D Virtual Reality – application areas: 

1. 3D allows public participation, and provides access to the comprehensible information. 3D virtual reality systems are more comprehensible when compared to 2D architectural plans.
2. Virtual reality has ability to create virtual environments and visualize the same new design ideas to engineers for best output. Innovative solutions provided by Virtual reality are very helpful to housing for the 21^st century.
3.  Residential development quality can be evaluated by using Virtual reality. Now-a-days, developers are interested to go through new technology or internet for innovative design ideas rather than following a traditional paper based approach.
4. Applications in cadastral systems are slowly recognizing by 3D VR systems.
5. Without violating construction regulations, we have utility lines, 3D VR systems introduced utility lines in a simulation exercises without hitting into other lines and as per applicable regulations. 

Limitations of VR: 

The following are limitations of VR systems:

1. The present software available is not suitable for design at an urban scale.
2.  Most of the times Virtual Environments are quite problematic in implementation as there is a requirements of more resources than expected.
3. The data about data models to be used is fully depends on what model used during designing. But there is an issue in VR systems in processing speed of this data.

But proper designed Virtual Environment with innovative ideas will be more useful. 

Conclusions: 

Many housing developers now focused on internet or VR systems for design, planning and also for marketing purpose. 3D Virtual Reality technology helps to housing developers to evaluate new housing schemes in an urban context. VR urban model standards are still in developing stage.

 Download Interferon metric Modular Display IMOD.

Introduction to Holographic Versatile Disc Seminar Topic:

This presentation is about a “Holographic Versatile Disc”, which is an optical disc technology and which has capability of holding 3.9Tb of data.

HVD Structure:

HVD uses a technique where green and red laser of length 532nm and 650nm respectively are collimated in a single beam. HVD provides a high-capacity data storage. Servo information is used to monitor the position of the read head, track and sector information on a conventional hard disk drive. 

HVD write system:

HVD write system consists of Blue or green laser, beam splitter merger, mirrors, Spatial light modulator (SLM), CMOS sensor and Polymer recording medium. Data written on HVD will get encoded into binary data, which will get stored in SLM. This data turned into 0’s and 1’s on a page, where page is the image that the information beam is passing through. 

HVD read system:

Data from HVD can be read by retrieving the light pattern stored in the hologram.

Advantages of using HVD:

HVD advantages are listed below:

ü  HVD has 300GB of initial storage capacity.

ü  Holographic memory systems offer far more storage capacity than CDs, DVDs and Blue-ray Discs. Entire page of data can be retrieved quickly and at one time by using this memory system.

ü  HVD helps user to store large amount of data

ü  HVD is helpful to record one program simultaneously watching another program on the disc.

ü  HVD has a capability of searching empty space on the disc automatically to avoid the occurrence of overlapping of recording one program over the other.

ü  The transfer rates of HVD i.e., both read and write speed is up to 1GB per second and it is backward compatible too. 

Conclusion:

HVD is a popular technology in high-capacity, optical storage media.  HVD supported by more than 170 of the world’s leading consumer electronics recording media, video game and music companies.

 Download Seminar Report on Holographic Versatile Disc .

Introduction to Wireless Application Protocol seminar Topic:

Imagine if we can access the content of web based applications from mobile handsets with same ease but without any restrictions. This can be done using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) which is basically an open source global standard application that helps any user to access information via internet using the mobile handsets.

In 1997 four companies developed and deployed WAP they are Motorola, Nokia, Ericson and US software company phone.com. WAP helps in smooth filtering of internet content on to mobile devices for faster access.

WAP gives a scope to revolutionize few business segments where customer interaction is important for their business. It opens gate for new ways of delivering services to its customers and can have WAP based workforce anywhere and anytime.  For wireless operators WAP gives a chance to decrease operational costs, reduce churn and increase customer base while improving existing services.

In order to make a web application WAP standard the application should be written in wireless markup language (WML) which is a subset of extended markup language (XML). All applications of web are basically written in internet standards HTML, HTTP, TLS and TCP but these languages based web applications cannot be used on mobiles or handheld devices because of small screen size and lower bandwidth of mobile networks. Hence data has to be compressed and optimized for longer latency in low bandwidth, to achieve this WAP uses binary transmission technique. (WML) wireless markup language script is used to create WAP content.  

For working on WAP we need a WAP gateway, WAP server and end user terminal. WAP programming model is based on client, Gateway and server. The main features of WAP are language, operating system and a network that supports WAP. The main applications of WAP are wireless internet access from mobile phones and wireless access to extranets and corporate systems and records also for intelligent telephonic services. 

Download Seminar Report on Wireless Application Protocol .

Introduction to Watermarking digital audio paper presentation:

We are living in a world where information is wealth hence safeguarding of copyright information such as audio, video, text, programming and imaging is very essential to sustain in business. With the advent of computer technology any data is copied and manipulated. Watermarking is a technology using which we can protect the copyright data, data authentication and is possible to trace illegal copies etc.

If we apply watermarking to audio signals that it is called as Audio Watermarking. Psychoacoustics plays important role and is mainly concerned is spread spectrum type of audio watermarking which is a popular technique.

The main characteristics that an ideal watermarking (WM) system should have are

1. WM should be embedded into main audio signal itself so that it cannot be removed at syntax level.
2. There should not be any deterioration in WM signal from the main audio signal.
3. Compatibility with all audio players.
4. No false alarms when detected for a specific watermarking signal.
5. The robustness of WM signal should be applicable for all signal processing operations. 

There are different methods of watermarking such as Echo Hiding, Index modulation through quantization, Feature based, Spread Spectrum based watermarking.

In Spread Spectrum based watermarking the psychoacoustic properties are used effectively. These properties are absolute threshold of hearing, critical bands, masking, simultaneous masking and temporal masking.

The watermark embedding scheme has operations such as temporal analysis of the audio signal, M sequence generation, shaping of the m sequence, cyclic shifting and inclusion of the information payload, and watermark embedding

The main applications of watermarking are for copyrighting, data authentication, tracking piracy copies and also in finding tampered data. 

Download Watermarking Digital Audio PPT.  

Similar simulation setup can be created for voice the applications and the routing protocol chosen in this context is AODV. Low resolution video is selected across the application configuration and the routing protocol used is AODV and the corresponding screenshot is as given below

Routing protocol for video applications is selected as AODV and the corresponding screenshot is as shown below

Now the performance metrics are chosen for video application and the corresponding screenshot is as given below

The following performance metrics can be used for evaluating the QoS of video application

• Packet delay variation
• Packet end to end delay
• Traffic received bytes per sec
• Traffic received packets per sec
• Traffic sent bytes per sec
• Traffic sent packets per sec

As with mobile nodes, similar performance metrics can be used for the rest of the scenarios in video applications as well. We only have to change the routing protocols to DSR and TORA.

Similarly run the results for evaluation against the simulation time after you create all required protocols.

Simulation for DSR is similar to DES protocol but the routing protocol set for the mobile nodes and the server is alone changed. The steps to be followed in this protocol are as follows:

• Choose all the mobile nodes and the server from the simulation environment
• Select any one of the mobile node and edit it to the attributes level.

Go to the ad hoc routing protocols menu and change the routing protocol to DSR. Remember it was AODV with DES protocol. Refer the corresponding screenshot given 

From above screen it can be observed the AODV routing protocol is changed to DSR routing protocol.

Simulation of third scenario: TORA

It is same as the second scenario only the routing protocol is changed to TORA throughout the process. Watch the screenshot below carefully.

This completes the simulation of all three protocols and the next step is to run the simulations against its simulation time. All the three scenarios are run for 15 minutes to achieve the results. 

The main aim of this process is to analyse the packet losses in the network. The following steps are to be followed in setting up the DES metrics.

• Right click on the simulation environment and chose the option  and Choose ‘Individual DES statistics’
• A new window is opened where three options like global, link and node level are available. You got to choose the right option to evaluate the performance of the network
• Refer  the following screenshot for Global level attributes, if chosen .

The following are the actual performance metrics used across the network against the traffic and packet sequences.

• Jitter time in seconds
• MOS Value
• Packet Delay variation
• Packet end to end delay in seconds
• Traffic received in bytes per sec
• Traffic received in packets per sec
• Traffic sent in bytes per sec
• Traffic sent in packets per sec

The same process stands good and can be applied for the second and the third scenario as well. The following are the actual simulation methodology implemented for the other scenarios.