Category: CSE Seminar Topics

Introduction to 4G Wireless Systems Seminar Topic:

This paper is about an emerging wireless technology 4G.  The main purpose of designing 4G technology is to manage data through wireless communication at high speed which is much more when compared to that of any existing wireless technologies.

4G Benefits:

In cellular network, data access to a wide variety of devices can be possible with the help of 4G. Now-a-days, rapid growth of wireless technologies drives the entire market. 3G systems overcome the drawbacks of 2G but still 3G have inherent flaws. 3G is a voice-centered protocol but there is a severe need of data-centered protocol in the current cellular world.  4G protocols can handle dynamic load changes and also has a capability of creating more bandwidth when compared to that of 3G systems. 4G system allows transparent connectivity and draw attention of users by using standard network protocols to connect to the internet. 4G technology and equipment are available at low cost in the current market which draws attention of cellular manufacters and providers. 

4G Hardware:

 Smart antennas and Ultra Wide Band Networks are the required 4G systems hardware.  4G network can be implemented using Ultra Wideband Technology. UWB provides greater bandwidth of 60 Mbps, which is 6 times faster than present available wireless networks. UWB signals are bit weak so special antennas are needed to target and tune the signal.  Switched Beam Antennas and Adaptive Array Antennas are two types of smart antennas. Smart antennas can optimize available power and can able to increase base station range and coverage. 

4G Software:

Even UWB and smart antennas plays a vital role in 4G system, but there is a need of software to manage the data processing at both sending and receiving side.

Conclusion:

4G is emerging as the next wireless standard and available to the user at low cost. 4G technology has the capability to overcome all the issues faced by users with wireless technology.

Download 4G Wireless Systems Abstract and Seminar Report  .

Introduction to G Versus Wi-Fi:

This paper compares two wireless internet access services “Wi-Fi” and “3G”, which are most popular in current telecommunications world.

3G:

3G is an emerging technology among mobile services. 3G has a capability to provide very high data rate in different radio environments and also can provide attractive multimedia services.  3G is popular wireless communication technology, which cannot be replaced by any technology in coming few more years.  In digital mobile phone networks communications, entertainment and information services are delivered to the users through wireless terminals with the help of 3G wireless services. 

Wi-Fi:

Wireless LANs are supported by Wi-Fi which refers to 802.11b wireless Ethernet standards. There are many services providers offering Wi-Fi at certain costs in selected areas. Some organizations are providing open access to subsidized Wi-Fi technologies.

Similarities between Wi-Fi and 3G:

There are few similarities exists between Wi-Fi and 3G like both are wireless network technologies and both are capable to provide broadband data services with high data rates. 

Differences between Wi-Fi and 3G:

3G technology offers its services to mobile communication where as Wi-Fi offers its services to both mobile and internet communications.3G services are emerging as a replacement of 2G networks and Wi-Fi is entered into the market as a replacement of existing WLAN. Unlicensed shared spectrum has been used by Wi-Fi and licensed spectrum is using by 3G. Wi-Fi network cannot manage interference from other Wi-Fi service providers. But as 3G using licensed spectrum, it can able to manage interference from other service providers. 3G is more developed than Wi-Fi as a service model. Formal standards picture for 3G is clearer than for WLAN. 

Conclusion:

Both 3G and Wi-Fi are rapidly growing wireless technologies which provide broadband wireless access. In future, both of these technologies laid down the innovative and successful path in communications world.  Integration of these services will help to emerging a powerful and successful mass market deployment.

Download CSE Latest Seminar Topic on Wireless Internet Access: 3G vs Wi-Fi  .

Introduction to Multi Purpose Code Generation Using Fingerprint Images Seminar Topic:

This paper is discussed about multi-purpose security code which developed based on fingerprint images and which will helpful to remove security issues for many applications. 

The Proposed System: 

Fingerprint is one of the unique personal identification feature. In the proposed system, fingerprints are useful to generate unique code. The fingerprint image undergoes the processes like lightening, smoothing, edge detection and binarization, thinning and then an initial code is generated. Later final secure code will be generated. In the proposed system, processes like image preparation, feature extraction and hashing involves in generating the final secure code.

Image Preparations: 

Treatments involved in Image Preparations are image enhancement and thinning. 

Image Enhancement: The image enhancement phase consists of lightening, smoothing, edge detection and binarization processes. Pre-processing enhancement consists of both lightening and smoothing. Post-processing enhancement consists of edge detection and binerization.

Image Thinning: Optimized Parallel Thinning process for the fingerprint will takes place based on the algorithm after image enhancement operations (OPTA). 

Feature Extraction:

For the extraction of the minutia features, the thinned fingerprint image will get scanned and the results are stored in a secured database for easy identification. There are five characteristics of minutia points and those are Type, Orientation, Spatial frequency, Curvature and position. Based on these five characteristic, a initial secured code will get generated and stored in the database. 

Hashing and Security of the Code:

Then a hash function, MD5 is applied to initial code and then generates a final secured code. 

Conclusions:

 This paper has a brief note on how to find a secured code using fingerprints. The generated secured code is useful for many applications where there is issues related to security. Research are still being carrying out on all the above discussed processes in order to generate effective security code.

Download Multi Purpose Code Generation Using Fingerprint Images .

This paper is discussed about an intrusion detection system which helps to detect malicious activities in a network.  By using Conditional Random Fields and Layered Approach, there will be issues with ‘Accuracy’ and ‘Efficiency’ and these two issues are addressed in this paper.  Conditional Random Fields helps to achieve high attack detection accuracy and Layered Approach helps to achieve high efficiency. 

Conditional random fields – Intrusion detection:

Conditional models do not create any unwarranted assumptions on the observations and also helps to model rich overlapping features.   As Conditional random fields do not create any unwarranted assumptions on the observations, there are no problems in machine learning, natural language processing, and bioinformatics.  In order to balance the trade-off, we can use CRFs for accurate results in attack detection but it is expensive. 

Layered approach – Intrusion detection:

Layer-based Intrusion Detection System represents a ordered Layered Approach. Availability, confidentiality, and integrity of data, services over a network can be ensured by this approach.  The time required for computation and to detect anomalous events will be reduced by using the layered model. This model helps to remove the communication overhead among different layers and in turn reduces the time to detect a significant intrusive event. This model also helps to improve system operation speed. During testing and training of the system the performance will be improved significantly.

The advantage of used layered approach is increasing system efficiency but its affects the accuracy severely. In order to balance the trade-off, we can use Layered Approach to improve overall system performance

Integrating layered approach with conditional random fields:

CRFs will be helpful in improving the attack detection accuracy and Layered approach helps to improve the overall system efficiency. Hence, there is a need to integrate both to build a single system that is efficient in operation and accurate in detecting attacks. 

Conclusions:

Intrusion detection is one of the challenging tasks to security professionals and network administrators. In order to protect the networks from various vulnerabilities there is a need of developing efficient intrusion detection system.   An intrusion detection system can be effective only if it can handle huge amount of network traffic and fast in decision making during attacks.

Introduction to 3G Technology Seminar Topic:

This paper is about the emerging of 3G technology as a powerful wireless communication technology in current mobile industry and this paper also discussed about the features, applications, quality and limitation of 3G services.

3G applications and limitations:

The following are the applications which are enabled with the help of 3G services:

Audio:  Using 3G services, audio or video can be downloaded directly from dedicated server to the mobile.

Voice over Internet protocol:  As 3G services provides higher data rates, so with the help of this VoIP service is available on mobile phones at local call rates.

Still images: As like in IP based networks, data like images, photographs, static web pages can be send and receive over mobile networks.

Moving images: With the help of 3G services, there is a possibility of sending and receiving live moving images too.

Virtual Home Environment: Virtual Home Environment is a service which creates a feel to users as if they were at home by providing seamless access to their services from home, office or anywhere with the help of 3G services.

Electronic agents: Electronic agents are self contained programs which work as per user’s requirements. E-assistance,  E-secretaries,  E-advisors, E-administrators are few of the self contained programs providing by 3G to the users. 

The following are the limitations of 3G services.

3G services are available to users at high cost. 3G phones has shorter batter life than 2G mobile phones. Global roaming is difficult by using 3G services; this is due to lack of internationally uniform standards. Using 3G services, in order to have global roaming there is a need to use costlier handsets with multimode features. So not having uniform standards is one of the main disadvantages of 3G services.

Conclusion:

3G has a capability to provide very high data rate in different radio environments and also can provide attractive multimedia services.  3G is popular wireless communication technology, which cannot be replaced by any technology in coming few more years.  In digital mobile phone networks communications, entertainment and information services are delivered to the users through wireless terminals with the help of 3G wireless services.

 Download Seminar Report on 3G Technology .

Introduction to 3d Content-Based Search on 3d Krawtchouk Moments Seminar Topic:

This white paper discussed about the methods of “3D Content-based Search” tool and pose normalization method. Also mentioned how 3D content based search tool developed based on research work done by Krawtchouk in image processing.  3D analysis which was introduced by weighted 3D Krawtchouk moments was more suitable for content based search applications.

Extraction of Krawtchouk Descriptors:

Weighted 3D Krawtchouk Moments are introduced in the form of Weighted Krawtchouk polynomials. When a 3D object is our input, the weighted 3D Krawtchouk moments are calculated and used as a descriptor vector. A description of a 3D object in terms of a significant discriminative descriptor vector is obtained. The descriptor extraction is too fast and the matching process can be completed in seconds. For each query 3D model, it requires a position normalization step and preprocessing pose. 

Weighted 3D Krawtchouk moments can be presented as a function defined in a discrete space and can used as 3D object descriptor. The proposed method was verified for its performance on 3D content-based search application with the help of Princeton Shape Benchmark Database. To find the ability of the proposed method in order to discriminate between objects classes, every 3D model was explicitly used as a query object.  Weighted 3D Krawtchouk Moments efficiency in order to capture the object edges can be represented using Princeton Shape Benchmark.  Relatively more spatial frequency components are acquired by weighted 3D Krawtchouk moments and Krawtchouk polynomials of low order. So, weighted 3D Krawtchouk moments can able to capture sharp shape object changes. 

Conclusions: 

Weighted Krawtchouk polynomials are defined over discrete field, weighted 3D Krawtchouk

Moments are based on these polynomials. Error cannot be inserted when moment computation takes place because of discretization. The proposed method in this paper is depends on the Weighted 3D Krawtchouk moments, which can form a highly compact and  discriminative descriptor vector, due to their ability to capture sharp changes with low order moments. 

 Download 3d Content-Based Search on 3d Krawtchouk Moments .

Introduction to  3D Model Search Engine Seminar Topic:

This paper is about the techniques that help to search for 3d models. 3D objects can be searched using shape-based queries. Query interfaces gives fast results if they are developed with the combination of 3D sketches, 2D sketches and text interfaces. The four procedures involved in query processing are crawling, indexing, querying and matching.

Challenges

Query interface selection is one of the challenging tasks in 3D model searching. Attributes of 3D model like shape and appearance are used by shape based query interfaces. Finding a shape descriptor, index should build for that shape descriptor and executing the geometric matching for that are few of the challenging tasks involved in supporting 3D shape based queries. Search results can be retrieved with high speed for a 3D object with the help of shape descriptors.

Matching Methods

Query interfaces can be developed depends on using text interface or using 3D or 2D sketches.

Text matching: Searching can be done using text keywords, which is very common query interface using on web. For each 3D model corresponding text document is placed on the database. Search results can be fetched by matching the user entered text with the 3D models respective text document in the database.

2D shape descriptor matching: Results are fetched by computes the 2D shape descriptors based on the 2D sketches given by user as an input. User can give input in 3 ways i.e., front, top or side view of a 2D sketch which in turn transformed into boundary descriptors. These boundary descriptors compared with the existing boundary descriptors in the database and fetch the search results.

3D shape descriptor matching: Results are fetched by computes the 3D shape descriptors based on the 3D sketches given by user as an input. 3D model preprocessed shape descriptors exists in the database are compared with the computed 3D shape descriptors and fetches the search result.

Conclusion:

3D objects can be searched with the help of either using 3D sketches or 2D sketches or text interfaces.  A user mostly uses the text interface rather than using 3D or 2D sketches as an input. But in fact, searching using 3D sketches fetches the search results with more speed when compared to the remaining tow but users draw and give 3D sketches as an input accurately.

 Download Seminar Report on 3D Model Search Engine .

Introduction to Steganography in Images:

This paper is about how to use Steganography, masking, filtering in images in order to protect from piracy.  Steganography is collection of message hiding techniques.

Overview- Steganography in Images

Images Steganography works based on the limitations of human visual system.  Data in images can be hidden in many ways. Least significant bit insertion, masking, filtering, algorithms and transformations are popular images data hiding approaches.  These approaches applied to the images data based on the varying data hiding requirements.

In order to create embedded information in least significant bit insertion technique, the least significant bits of image need to be modified. Images will get marked as like in paper watermarking in order to hide the images data in masking and filtering technique. As a part of Steganography, watermarking extends the image data and provides attributes like license, ownership or copyright details to the image. A Steganographic system also consists of spread-spectrum techniques like direct sequence and frequency hopping, which can be useful to hide the images information. Patchwork technique is an ideal images watermarking technique. This technique is working based on pseudorandom number sequence.

In image processing more robust techniques are cropping and rotating, but it depends on the cost of message size. Watermark will be readable even if the image is cropped. In predetermined manner, hidden throughout the image can be takes place by the techniques encrypt and scatter. Algorithm and stego-key techniques are helpful to decode the extracted message bits. 

Conclusion:

Digital images encoding is one of the popular Steganography techniques. Now-a-days, Steganography software is readily available in internet. This paper discussed about the different approaches used for image hiding. Steganography plays an important role in providing security to valuable media.  With the help of Steganography, one individual can secure his\her artistic creations.  Along with the cryptography if we want to provide more security to our data, we can make use of Steganography. 

 Download CSE Seminar Report on Steganography in Images.

Introduction to Development of Voice over WIFI Integrating Mobile Networks:

This white paper is about the emerging convergence between WiFi technologies and cellular mobile technologies. This convergence can be seen as one of the emerging market which has capability to impacts telecommunication service providers and policy frameworks. Also explains about the VoWiFi handsets which enable the chance of mild roaming data and voice between WiFi and 3G. 

Voice over WiFi :

VoWiFi provides voice over WiFi.  VoWiFi comes into light as there is an increase in roaming between WiFi and mobile networks, significantly with 3G.  Joining of VoIP and WiFi helps to reduce the voice services cost and also helps to meets the increased roaming services and for accessing broadband services.

WiFi and VoWiFi impacts 3G Development:

VoWiFi, or VoIP over WiFi, helps users to access data and video at  low cost and also allow them to make voice calls.  3G services will be impacted a lot in the way it structured and priced with the development of VoWiFi service.  The data transfer speed in 3G is about 1/2 Mbps slower than Wi-Fi’s speed.  Now-a-days, service providers are planning to establish WiFi in urban areas with ubiquitous coverage. Mobile operators co-exist with WiFi after comparing its benefits with the benefits provided by 3G in hotspots.  As 3G is available to users moving at high speeds whereas WiFi requires users should be stationary. Because of this fact, many were arguing as WiFi could be 3G additional source rather than its substitute. 

Advantage when VoWiFi interconnecting with mobile networks:

The benefits provided by VoWiFi  to users will affect its significant demand in market over the next few years. Dual handsets users can make calls at low cost when compared to mobile phones.

Calls generated in hotspots results significant savings by consumers. VoWiFi also provides new features like accessing e-mail, Internet, location information, etc. at a low cost. 

Technical issues:

Quality of service, adequate bandwidth, Security and privacy, Interoperability, Interferences and complexity are few of the technical issues faced by VoWiFi services. 

Operational issues:

Seamless roaming and single dual-mode handset, Attractive applications, Billing for VoWiFi/mobile roaming and Other issues such as limited battery power, high cost of chipset are few of the Operational issues faced by VoWiFi services.

 Download Development of Voice over WIFI Integrating Mobile Networks.