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Industrial Fault Indication System With Over Voltage over Temperature

The aim of this Industrial Fault Indication System With Over Voltage over Temperature Using Analog to Digital (Adc) Converters Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report is to design a fault indication system with over voltage and over temperature. The block diagram shows to measure the voltage, current, and resistance to design analog circuits to measure three parameters and ready to outputs. The outputs of analog circuit are connected to ADC and ADC is connected to microcontroller to get the desired parameter.

The set point is predefined in the program and when the set point exceeds then dc motor will become into the on condition. The green and red LEDS indicates the voltage and readings are displayed on the LCD display. Hardware used are Microcontroller, ADC, Lm 35(temp sensor), LCD, DC motor, and LEDS and soft ware are functionality of components and embedded C programming.

The AT89C52 is a low-power 8-bit microcomputer with high-performance CMOS and 8Kbytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The on-chip Flash makes the program memory to be reprogrammed by a nonvolatile memory programmer. Combining 8-bit CPU and Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C52 becomes a powerful microcomputer to provide a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to embedded control applications.

Its applications are Sensor Interface, Process Control, Data Acquisition, and Battery Operated Systems. The Microchip Technology devices are 12-bit Analogto-Digital (A/D) Converters with hold circuitry and on-board sample. It is programmable to provide two pseudo input pairs or four singleended inputs or eight singleended inputs. Communication of the devices is completed with the help of a simple serial interface compatible with the SPI protocol.

The power supply unit provides constant 5 V dc supply to the peripherals. Regulator LM7805 is a digital IC which is used for regulating the output and provides a constant 5V DC supply as output.

Conclusion:

This project designs an indication system with over voltage and over temperature. It measures the voltage, current, and resistance to design analog circuits.

Download Industrial Fault Indication System With Over Voltage over Temperature Project PPT, PDF and Doc.

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Implementation of Mobile Phone Project

In this Implementation of Mobile Phone Project, there is a design codes for GSM for attending the call, for making the call, for accessing the phone book, and for sending the SMS. The code is designed in C language for mentioned three applications and KEIL software converts these ‘C’ codes in hex file. After conversion, the hex code is burnt in 8051 microcontroller kit by using FLASH MAGIC software and by using GSM modem these operations are.

The equipments used in this project are a PC, 8051 microcontroller kit, GSM modem kit, and a SIM card (Suscribers Identification Module) and software used are KEIL software for converting the ‘C’ code in hex code and FLASH MAGIC for burning this hex code in 8051 microcontroller.

8051 microcontroller provides many functions in a single package. It can access 8 bits of data in one operation and can access 216 memory locations each of RAM and ROM. It is two 16-bit Counter/timers, two-level interrupt priority, and a power saving mode.

The microcontroller is 8-bit ALU, Accumulator and 8-bit Registers and hence it is an 8-bit microcontroller. It has 8-bit data bus and can access 8 bits of data in one operation. It has 16-bit address bus. On-chip RAM, there are 128 bytes (data memory) and On-chip, there are ROM – 4 kByte (program memory). It is a four byte bi-directional input/output port and UART (serial port).

This project shows the execution of KEIL software and FLASH MAGIC.  The KEIL software converts the code of ‘C’ into hex file and hex file is created and ultimately the program is tested by a debugger.

Conclusion:

This project designed a code in ‘C’ and with KEIL software and flash magic software the hex file is saved in the flash memory of 8051 microcontroller. There is no use of personnel computer to operate the GSM kit and all operations are done only by the GSM kit itself.

Download Implementation of Mobile Phone Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

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Human Detection Robot Electrical Project Idea

With the advent of high-speed technology, the growing computer capacity provides realistic opportunity and realization of new methods of control theory.

This technical improvement with high performance robots helps to be faster, accurate and more intelligent robots with the use of new robots control devices, new drives and advanced control algorithms.

This Human Detection Robot Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report is about the live personal detection robot which is based on 8 bit Microcontroller by using PIR sensor to detect human.

This project is used in the DEBRIS for Earth quake rescue.  It has IR sensors internally and infrared sensors sense the live persons. These systems are controlled by the Microcontroller.

The Microcontroller controls the motors to get the signals from the PIR sensors and to drive the motors as per the sensor inputs. Two DC Gare motors drive a robot. Hardware requirements are power supply, micro controller (at89s52), DC Gare motor, relays, and PIR sensor.

Microprocessors have the concept of programmable devices and used in many applications of intelligent equipment. Most applications needs high amount of data and program memory which tends to be costly.

The microprocessor system satisfies the data and program requirements, RAM and ROM satisfies application, and so peripheral control equipment also to be satisfied due to this peripherals cost are comparatively high.

The 8052 has three types of memory. They are on-chip memory, external Code memory and external Ram. On-Chip memory is physically existing memory on the microcontroller itself, External code memory is the code memory which resides off chip and is in the form of an external EPROM, and External RAM resides off chip and is in the form of static RAM or flash RAM.

Conclusion:

The project Human Detection Robot  designed and tested with integrating features of hardware components and the controller uses PIR based input sensor to detect terrorist/thief inside the building.

Download Human Detection Robot Electrical Engineering EEE Project Idea.

Related Full project Report:

Human Detection Robot Project Report

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Heavy Electrical Industry in India

Heavy Electrical Industry in India includes transmission, power generation, distribution, and utilization equipments, turbo generators, boilers, many types of turbines, transformers, switchgears and many allied items. Heavy electrical industry manufactures majority of the products in India that has items such as transformers, switchgears etc. and used by all Indian economy sectors. The major areas multi core projects for power generation, nuclear power stations, petrochemical complexes, chemical plants, integrated steel plants, non-ferrous metal units, etc are using it.

India is the developing country like China to produce a high range of electric power generation and transmission equipment. Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL) has the unique distinction in the world that manufactures all major power generating equipment in a roof.

The heavy electrical industry has the capability of manufacturing transmission and distribution equipment upto 400 KV AC and high voltage DC. The industry has higher voltage system of 765 KV and facility to supply 765 KV class transformers, reactors, CTS, CVT, bushing and insulators, etc.

The electrical industry investments in R & D are largest in the corporate sector in India and large electrical equipment is also manufactured in India. The heavy electrical industry encompass thermal, hydro and gas based power plants, substation projects, rehabilitation projects, variety of products such as transformers, photo voltaic equipments, insulators, switchgears, motors, etc.

The mission of this industry is to be a leading Indian Engineering Enterprise to provide quality products system and services in the field of energy, transportation, infrastructure and many potential areas.    Working capital is classified as Gross Working Capital and Net Working Capital.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that company has a good credit policy, profit is more than last year that is  favorable for the company, comparing the financial position and comparing the average collection period and debtors. The company draws a new vision, mission and b\value statements.

Download Heavy Electrical Industry in India Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

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Harmonic Analysis of Separately Excited DC Motor Drives

This Harmonic Analysis of Separately Excited DC Motor Drives describes about the design and harmonic analysis of Single Phase PWM rectifier with DC motor drives to reduce the current harmonics of the PWM rectifier. A PWM switching technique reduces the harmonics. Comparison of single phase PWM rectifier and single phase controlled rectifier is presented with the use of MATLAB simulation and the programming is accomplished in FPGA to generate gating signals. 

PWM rectifier is power converter to convert an ac to dc that is implemented with power electronic semiconductor switches like MOSFET and IGBT. PWM rectifiers have bidirectional power flows used in battery charger, UPS system, regulated dc voltage source. 

SCR converters have low power factor that result in higher order harmonics. Because of the advent of fast semiconductor devices like MOSFET, IGBT, and pulse width modulation techniques, passive filters are replaced with PWM rectifiers.

The conversion of electric energy is done by semiconducting converters that led to the growth of negative phenomenon to be negligible. Therefore the development of semiconductor structures enabled transmission of higher power to have wide spread of converters.

The block diagram of consists of Power circuit, Load, FPGA controller, Optocoupler, and Driver circuit. A single phase AC supply is fed to the power circuit; the power circuit converts AC/DC where AC supply is converted to DC. Power semiconductor is triggered by the gating signals in the power circuit.

There are two kinds of MOSFETs.  They are Depletion type MOSFET and Enhancement type MOSFET. The converter switches are turned ON and OFF during a half cycle in a PWM control.

Conclusion:

The PWM is used to control rectifiers to eliminate the problems occurred by using phase controlled rectifiers. Hence the PWM rectifiers performs well in many applications like battery charger, UPS system, regulated DC voltage source. The PWM rectifier asserts with its good behavior in many applications and thyristor rectifiers controls load supply grid with consume reactive power and higher harmonics.

Download Harmonic Analysis of Separately Excited DC Motor Drives Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

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Fabrication of an Automatic Battery Charger Using SCR

The objectives of this Fabrication of an Automatic Battery Charger Using SCR are an automatic battery charger with and without using trickle charging arrangement. The battery charger controls the charging current with the comparison of the terminal voltage of the battery under charge and constant reference voltage obtained across a Zener diode.

When charged condition of the battery is full then the SCR automatically turns OFF and cuts the battery out of the charging circuit. It keeps the battery healthy by avoiding its overcharging.

A transformer is a static device that has two or more stationary circuits which are interlinked with a common magnetic circuit for transferring electrical energy between them and EMF equation of a transformer is given by e=4.44Baft.

A step up transformer has secondary voltage which is greater than its primary voltage. A transformer is made up of two or more coils of insulated wires wound around iron core. If voltage is applied to one coil then it magnetizes the iron core.

Three phase transformer needs less space than single phase. Three phase is lighter, smaller, cheaper and more efficient and are positioned at 120 degree to each other.

A diode is an electronic component with two terminals to conduct electric current in only one direction and a crystalline piece of semiconductor material is connected to two electrical terminals. The unidirectional behavior is called rectification.

A Zener diode permits current in the forward direction and in the reverse direction when the voltage is larger than the breakdown which is called “Zener knee voltage” or “Zener voltage” which can be measured using Zener diode tester.

A silicon-controlled rectifier is a four-layer solid state device which controls current. SCR has four layers of alternating P and N type semiconductor materials and silicon is used as the intrinsic semiconductor and proper dopants are added to it.

Conclusion:

In this project, Automatic Battery Charger Using SCR  as an Electronic THYRISTOR is used to control the charging system. It is an automatic system with which charging a battery up to 12 volts rating is very easy.

Download Fabrication of an Automatic Battery Charger Using SCR Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

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Digital Phase Selector EEE Student Project

The objective of this Digital Phase Selector Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report, the demand is increasing day by day and able to generate power to the requirement, to transmit power with maximum efficiency and minimum losses. The major problem now a day a consumer is facing is power interruption with which major damage is caused to money and sometimes to life and lot of time is wasted. Another major problem with power interruption is in distribution system.

Power instability backs up the utility supply for automation of phase selection or alternative sources of power. Most applications of industrial and commercial are power supply dependent. A digital phase selector is installed in residential and office premises with the use of single-phase equipment. If any mains phase lines go fail then it chooses the available phase line automatically.

All domestic loads are connected to single phase supply and when the fault occurs then power is available in other phases and so we cannot utilize that power. High frequency switching technology is the latest technique that uses infrared radiation for switching purpose and IC MCT2E opto coupler is used. The advantage with this technique is mechanical switching is reliable for single phase supply.

The digital phase selector is able to take power from inverter and when the power fails in all the three phases then availability of inverter gets more reliable. The inverter is charged during normal conditions and gives back up during fault conditions.

The block diagram of digital phase selector has four blocks they are Phase sensing and switching block, Control logic block, Relay driver section, and Power supply unit.

Conclusion:

Electrical energy is the only form of energy available easily and advantage of this energy form is to convert one form of energy into electrical energy and vice-versa and its usage has been increasing day by day. The digital phase selector is an advanced technique used for automation and power quality improvement.

Download Digital Phase Selector EEE Student Project.

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Design of Turbo-Alternator Using C-Language

Design of Turbo-Alternator Using C-Language: An alternator is an electromechanical device to convert mechanical energy to alternating current electrical energy and any AC electrical generator is called an alternator. Large alternators driven by steam turbines generally are called turbo-alternators.

The types of turbo alternator is based on it construction. They are salient or projecting pole type and non salient or cylindrical pole type. These are high speed machines and are driven by steam turbines and gas turbines with maximum speed of 3000 rpm and can generate up to 1000 MW.

Main parts of turbo alternator are Stator, which is the stationary part of the alternator that carries the armature winding and rotor is the rotating part of the alternator that carries the field winding.

From the block diagram of turbo alternator in the PowerPoint presentation, there is a rotating magnet which is called the rotor and it turns within a stationary conductor that is wound in coils which is called the stator. The field generates an induced EMF (electromotive force) makes the rotor to turn.

The rotating magnetic field induces an AC voltage in the stator windings. Often there are three sets of stator windings, physically offset so that the rotating magnetic field produces a three phase current, displaced by one-third of a period with respect to each other.

The software used to develop the alternator is a C language. It is the most popular and versatile computer language since it is a high level, structured, and machine independent language and the programs written in C have are fast and efficient. C extends its ability and Turbo-Alternator is designed by using C-language.

Conclusion:

Alternator is the main source of electrical energy which we consume. It is the largest energy converter present in the world. This project is about to design a Turbo-Alternator with the help of C-language.

Download Design of Turbo-Alternator Using C-Language.

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Customer Operated Enquiry Terminal Final Year EEE Seminar Project

Customer Operated Enquiry Terminal Final Year EEE Seminar Project: The system is a user friendly so the operation on the system by the costumers should be limited. The system displays a message as “Search” to the costumer and the costumer should enter the name of the product then the system displays the details of particular match.

16×2 Line Chiftacter Intelligent LCD has 16 characters per line interfaced into the programmable peripheral interface. These displays contain a liquid crystal display panel and an in built controller. The various specifications available in the market are 16×1 line, 20×2 lines, and 20×4 lines.

The LCD display micro controller has two internal byte registers; one is for commands and second is for the characters to display. The address of registers is selected by control pin ‘RS’ (pin 4) and this pin select the register for the characters.

The ASCII character is displayed by ASCII data for the character to the data lines and should be at high level and must be toggled to low during the character write operation. The IBM keyboard is a cheap keyboard on a Micro controller development system.

The keyboard sends data to the host and host accepts data and then the keyboard prepares to accept the command from the host. Keyboard transmits the data in the forward direction.

The board is designed with a personal computer and layout is drawn with software. Using a laser printer, the layout is printed in a butler sheet. Using the screen print procedure, the layout is transferred to the copper clad sheet. The screen printing ink is pored on the screen and brushed on the top of the screen.

Conclusion:

The conclusion made on the device that is the micro-controller which is the master device to control the entire devices. It performs arithmetic and logical operations but cannot store any data permanently so it needs another device to store the data and soft ware.

Download Customer Operated Enquiry Terminal Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

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Control Electrical Appliances Using PC Student EEE Projects

Control Electrical Appliances Using PC Student EEE Projects: The computer has many evolutions with hardware and software that remain unbeatable and one of them is the structure oriented programming language or C. This paper describes about Controlling Home/Industrial Appliance with C language and this idea is evolved from the features of microcontroller and extended from PC is a pulse that helps in controlling electrical/electronic appliance.

A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component with voltage proportional to the electric current as per according to Ohm’s law, V = IR.  Resistors are elements of electronic circuits in electronic equipments. The characters of a resistor are the resistance, the tolerance, maximum working voltage, the power rating, temperature coefficient, noise, and inductance. Resistors are integrated into hybrid, printed circuits, and integrated circuits.

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a three-terminal electronic device used in amplifying or switching applications. The charge flowing in a BJT is because of bidirectional diffusion of charge carriers across a junction between two regions of charge concentrations.

NPN is a bipolar transistor with majority charge carriers where electron is higher than hole in semiconductors that allows greater and faster currents operation. A relay is an electromechanical switch used in electronic devices to switch voltages and electronic signals. It is based on the principals of electromagnetic and relay has an inductor that generates a magnetic field.

A diode is a two-terminal electronic component refers to semiconductor diode connected to two electrical terminals that is a P-N junction. A vacuum tube diode has two electrodes, a plate and a cathode that allows electric current in one direction.

Conclusion:

The conclusion of this project is to apply a voltage or a digital signal ‘1’ is on the parallel port of the computer written in C. This project is used for many applications like Hotel power management, Street light management, Home automation, High voltage grid control, and Industrial automation.

Download Control Electrical Appliances Using PC Student EEE Projects.