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The main objective of this A Hybrid Wind-Solar Energy System EEE Btech Project Abstract is to present a front-end rectifier stage with a new system configuration for a hybrid wind/photovoltaic energy system and this configuration allows the two sources to supply the load separately depending on the available energy sources.

The inherent nature of Cuk-SEPIC converter and input filters are not needed to filter out high frequency harmonics. Harmonic content is used for the generator lifespan, heating issues, and efficiency.

The fused multi-input rectifier stage allows Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) which is used to have maximum power from available the wind and sun. An adaptive MPPT algorithm is utilized for the wind system and a standard perturb and for the PV system.

This PowerPoint also presents a block diagram of solar energy system. The advantage of this system is low operating cost, easy to charge, and high power quality.

The application includes Distributed Generation Applications, Constant Speed and Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems, and Photovoltaic Energy System.

The instructional technique for electrical power systems, a hybrid wind-turbine, and solar cell system are implemented which is designed and implemented with the goals such as to be completely different from traditional electricity labs, to be fresh and interesting, to be related to industrial power of real world issues like power quality, to show a complex system that is closer to the real world than the simple systems in educational labs, and to motivate learning by providing elements as environmental and economic concerns of the students.

Conclusion:

The hybrid power system is too expensive and labor intensive for Industrial Technology Departments therefore many benefits are gleaned such as PV panel, batteries, and an inverter, PV panel and a DC motor. The use of solar and wind hybrid power generation is vivid and relevant selection of Industrial Technology students. It is applied in wind power, solar power, geothermal power, hydroelectric power, etc.

Download A Hybrid Wind-Solar Energy System Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE  Btech Project Abstract.

The aim of this Project Report On Transformer Protection Using Numerical Relay is to analyze and upgrade existing transformer protection system in BPCL Kochi Refinery. BPCL Kochi Refinery, formerly known as Cochin Refineries Limited is a public sector enterprise which came into being as a result of a three party agreement among the Government of India, Philips Petroleum Company of the United States of America and the Duncan Brothers of Calcutta.

Transformers are static devices are completely sealed and immersed in oil, as a rule. Therefore, the chances of errors on them are very rare. “But can the consequences of even a rare error can be very serious if the transformer is disconnected from the network quickly. This requires adequate protection for the auto-transformer of possible errors. Small distribution transformers are usually connected to the network through series fuses instead of circuit breakers. Consequently, no automatic protection is required test equipment. However, the probability of failures of transformers and certainly more so the protection is absolutely necessary, the transformer is large and very important institutions in power. It requires reliable protection devices. The protection system is dependent on the size of the transformer. Transformers are rated in transmission and distribution networks in range of a few kVA to several hundred MVA used. Transformers are used for small to medium sized over current relay. For large transformers, differential protection is recommended. The existing transformer protection relays used in BPCL. There different types of protection employ different types of relays. With the technological advances being made in generation protection section, the [generator protection using new methods have gathered momentum. Here we have studied about functioning of transformer protection using numerical relays.

Conclusion:

Transformer protection using numerical relays is the modem version of protection. Numerical relays have got several advantages as compared to ordinary electromagnetic relays. The project is able analyze the existing transformer protection system in BPCL Kochi Refinery. Even though the chances of faults occurring on them are very rare, the consequences of even a rare fault may be very serious unless the transformer is quickly disconnected from the system.

Download Project Report On Transformer Protection Using Numerical Relay.

The highlights of this Project Report On Study Of Co-Gen Power Plant constitute the following phases Firstly it involves a brief introduction about cogeneration power plant, selection of plant site, its advantages and disadvantages and about fuels used in the plant. Secondly, it involves a study of boiler and axillaries, turbines, synchronous generator and brushless type exciter. Lastly it involved a study regarding protection of alternators and transformers.

All the infringing use of electricity for domestic use of power, commercial and industrial purposes requires the provision of bulk electricity economically. This is achieved with the help of suitable producing units, known as power plants or electric power generating stations. As country develops its energy consumption patterns and not to a significant change. Although in a simple society, it is almost a consumer product, is negligible and the effective use of small contribution to the development of the economy. But once power is made available has about the needs of households found that it not only as consumers but is a factor of production

A generating station essentially employees a prime mover coupled to an alternator for the production of electric power. The prime mover (E.g. steam turbines, steam engines, water turbines etc.,) converts mechanical energy of the prime-mover into electric energy. The electrical energy produced by the generating station is transmitted and distributed with the help of the conductors to various is transmitted and distributed with the help of the conductors to various is transmitted and distributed with the help of the conductors to various consumers. It may be emphasized here that apart from prime mover alternator combination, a modern generating station employs several auxiliary equipment and instruments to ensure that cheap reliable and continuous service.

Project Report On Study Of Co-Gen Power Plant Conclusion:

Thus  detailed study on the over view of co-gen power plant helps  in increasing the contribution of power plant in the country’s total energy production. In the current market, given the reasonably large spark gap between electricity and fuel costs and the expectation for natural gas prices to remain suppressed in the foreseeable future, small scale cogeneration in industrial applications is increasingly attractive.

Download Project Report On Study Of Co-Gen Power Plant Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

EEE Project Report On Stepper Motor Control Through Rf Link: A stepper motor is an electromechanical device that converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discrete increments when electrical command pulses are applied in the correct order. The motors rotation has several direct relationships to these applied input pulses. The order of the applied pulses is directly related to the rotational direction of motor shaft rotation. The speed of the motor shafts rotation is directly related to frequency of input pulses and the length of the rotation is directly related to the number of input pulses.

Stepper motors operate differently as rotating brush DC motors, when the voltage applied to their terminals. Stepper motors effectively interlocked electromagnets around a central gear-shaped piece of iron away. An external control, such as a microcontroller pulls the magnet. To rotate the motor shaft, a first electromagnet given power, so that the gear’s teeth magnetically attracted to the electromagnet’s teeth. If the gear teeth so with the first electromagnet are aligned, they are slightly offset from the next electromagnet. When the next electromagnet is turned on and the first is switched off, the gear rotates slightly to align with the next, and from there the process is repeated. Each of these rotations is a slight step, with a whole series of steps, a full rotation. In this way, the engine can be rotated by an exact angle.

Conclusion:

The stepper motor to control the motion of a robot but the biggest hurdle is the wired control. We can control the stepper motor wirelessly through RF link. In this project we are controlling the stepper motor wirelessly through RF link. We are using RF module and AT89S52 microcontroller to achieve this motive. Following are the main components of this report RF Module, Microcontroller, Output mechanical transducer (stepper motor).

Download Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report Stepper Motor Control Through Rf Link.

This EEE Project Report On Solar Tracking System has attempted to provide an automated solar tracking system that will increase the efficiency of the solar system. In the present system, solar panels used are stationary which gives less output and hence decrease the efficiency. But by making use of tracker solar panels we can increase efficiency of solar system. The operator interference is minimal since the system is automated this increases efficiency of the stationary solar system. The GSM facility provided by the system helps the user to monitor the system from anywhere in the world.

A mechanical system for solar tracking was designed and constructed. The idea, which lays behind this system, is based on the determination of the position of sun during its apparent movement relative to the equatorial system of coordinates. This system allows to determining the position of the sun, in relation to any given point at the surface of the planet, using a solar hour angle, the angle of solar declination and the latitude angle of the mentioned point. Two independent methods were used in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed tracking system. The first one is based on measuring the shadow of a pole vertically mounted on plate surface of the tracking unit while the second method is based on the measuring the output current of a standard solar cell mounted on a tracking unit. Experiment has demonstrated the accuracy of the tracking system.

EEE Project Report On Solar Tracking System Conclusion:

This project has attempted to provide an automated solar tracking system that will increase the efficiency of the solar system. While there are higher costs involved in, we have tried the system cost. Add various enhancements to make the system more efficient so that it works throughout the year. The solar modules are system compared to the currently used system has many advantages.

Download EEE Project Report On Solar Tracking System.

Project Report On Over-Under Voltage Cut-Off With On-Time Delay: Here is a cheap auto cut-off circuit, which is manufactured using discrete transistors and other components. It can be used to cause cargo, such as refrigerator, TV, VCR, and unwanted on-line and low voltage and power fluctuations to be protected by a sudden failure / resumption of power supply source. This circuit can be used directly as a separate circuit from the mains and the load or between existing stabilizer automatically / manually and load to be inserted.

The on-delay circuit not only protects the load from over voltages, but also by the rapid transition (off and on) effect of over / under-voltage relay, in case the supply voltage starts fluctuating in the vicinity of under-or over-voltage preset points. If electricity cut off by default (over or under voltage) limits, the relay / load immediately and it is only when the supply voltage within the preset limits for a period equal to the on time delay switched on. Refrigerators for the delay was for about 2 minutes each preset with the supercharged engine, often to protect an “on” and “off.

In this circuit the on-time and off-time delay depends on charging and discharging time of capacitor C1. Here the discharge time of capacitors C1 is quite less to suit our requirement. We want that on switching ‘off ’ of the supply to the load, the circuit should immediately  be ready to provide the required on-time delay when A.C. mains resumes after a brief interrupted for a short period due to over-/under voltage cut-off operation. This circuit is also useful against frequent power supply interruption resulting from loose electrical connections; be it at the pole or switch or relay contact, or due to any other reason.

Conclusion:

The over/under voltage cut-off with ON-Time delay provides various types of protection 1) Over-voltage protection.2) Under-voltage protection.3) Protection against transients.4) Protection to load from frequent turning ON & OFF by providing time delay. The over/under voltage cut-off with ON-Time delay is much cheaper than a regulator and provides much more protection against various faults. The minor project helped us in exploring the market and gathering information about the current market trends.

Download ECE & EEE Project Report On Over-Under Voltage Cut-Off With On-Time Delay.

This On Line Measurement of Power Quality Parameters Using Signal Processing Techniques provides an overview of the time varying power quality issues in power systems. New signals processing techniques are real time measurement of various power quality parameters. The definition of Power Quality cannot be limited to the characteristics of the supply power. The definition must also include the requirements of the load. Power quality monitoring and analysis must be able to locate and classify noise estimate can be seen on the supply line. The algorithms use to execute these tasks, to sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal conditions. In addition, the signal processing techniques to be able to on-line tracking, measurement and classification of power quality parameters. The signal processing must be applied quickly, precisely and in a position to be used on a single hardware platform.

The report describes four new signal processing techniques applied for real time measurement its simulation and deployment of these techniques on multiprocessor hardware platform. (1) Digital filtering technique applied for frequency measurement under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal conditions.(2) Kalman filter technique applied for on line tracking of power system harmonics.(3) Fast Fourier Transform and statistical method applied for real time detection of flicker.(4) Multi-resolution signal decomposition techniques based on wavelet transform for on line detection, localization and classify disturbances such as sag, swell and transients in power systems. The reason for implementing different technique for different parameters is that each parameter in power system is dynamic and has different resolution in terms of frequency and amplitude. Implementing a single technique for all the parameters result in loss of valuable information. So the technique which provides the maximum benefit for a particular parameter is selected for measurement purpose.

Conclusion:

This report have proposed high performance signal processing techniques and the proposed digital instrument based on multiple DSP that help to speed up measurement and algorithm execution .Power Quality has a dynamic, time-varying nature which with the increased complexity and sensitivity of equipment needs to be properly understood and addressed. Traditional methods are not sufficient. Advanced techniques and technologies, including real real-time modeling / simulation, power electronics solutions, signal processing and controls applications are available to assist in these tasks.

Download On Line Measurement of Power Quality Parameters Using Signal Processing Techniques Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report.

Project Report On Laser Assisted Machining Of Inconel 718: Laser assisted machining (LAM) can improve the mach inability of materials by locally heating the material prior to its removal. The report is a study of the laser assisted machining of Inconel.

718 with carbide and ceramic insert. The report shows a reduction in the cutting force, and has highlighted the impact of laser assistance on the integrity surface (roughness, appearance, residual stress) and the tool life.

The use of high strength materials, like titanium alloys and tool steels, is becoming increasingly common in industry. However, these materials are difficult to machine because they maintain their mechanical properties even at high temperatures. Hence, conventional machining (CM) of these materials is slow and inefficient because only slow cutting speeds can be used. In order to increase productivity certain types of assistance can be used to facilitate the cut. The report shown that LAM makes it possible to machine high strength metals like bearing steel, boron, metal matrix composites, and ceramics for these materials, it improves workability by decreasing the cutting forces and by increasing the tool life. This process is currently the only process able to machine very hard materials.

Project Report On Laser Assisted Machining Of Inconel 718 Conclusion:

This report, on the laser assisted machining of Inconel 718 has highlighted significant differences between the use of carbide inserts and ceramic inserts. In addition, comparisons with conventional machining were also conducted. Tests have shown that, no matter which insert is used, LAM significantly reduces the cutting force. The integrity of the machined surface, in terms of roughness, is not improved with the use of ceramic inserts in LAM compared to CM. However, this gain is not visible with carbide inserts. Ceramic inserts allow a very good performance during the laser assisted machining, unlike carbide inserts. In fact, the life of a carbide insert in LAM is considerably lower than its life in CM, whereas the life of ceramic inserts in LAM increase by 25% compared to the life in CM.

Download Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEE Final Year Project Report On Laser Assisted Machining Of Inconel 718.