Introduction to Seminar Report on GSM Architecture:
History of GSM:
The cell based mobile radio system was first thought of at the Bell Laboratories in USA in the early 1970s. During the early 1980s the analog telephone systems grew in Europe, particularly in Scandinavia, UK, France and Germany. The countries developed their own systems which were different in functioning, so they were incompatible with others. This situation was not good for marketing of mobile equipments. To resolve these problems, Conference of European Posts and Tele Communication (CEPT) formed in 1982. The Grouped Special Mobile in order to develop a pan-European mobile cellular radio system. In 1989, the responsibility for GSM specifications passed from the CEPT to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute(ETSI). The commercial use of GSM started around mid 1991, and by 1993 there were 36 GSM networks in 22 countries. Over 200 GSM networks are operational in 110 countries. GSM now stands for Global System for Mobile Communications.
GSM – Basis of current mobile system:
GSM is a second generation standard developed to provide voice services and data delivery using digital modulation. It was introduced by European telephone exchange offices. It uses frequency ranges of 900, 1800, and 1900MHz. Voice is transmitted through the bandwidth of 3.1KHz and data connections with up to 9.6Kbits/s. It provides Short Message Service(SMS).
GSM system specifications:
In 900MHz GSM system, the uplink frequency band is 890MHz to 915MHz and downlink frequency band is 935MHz to 960MHz, duplex distance is 45MHz, carrier separation is 200KHz, transmission rate is 270Kbps, TDMA access method is used. In 1800MHz GSM system, the uplink frequency band is 1710MHz to 1785MHz and downlink frequency band is 1805MHz to 1880MHz, duplex distance is 95MHz, carrier separation is 200KHz, transmission rate is 270Kbps, TDMA access method is used.
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