Category: CSE Seminar Topics

Javax.swing is a package, which provides a set of lightweight components that work same on all platforms. Swing is the primary GUI widget toolkit in java. Swing is the part of Oracle’s Java Foundation Classes (JFC). JFC is an API, which provides GUI for java programs. 

Java has rich framework for creating user interface, the framework is called Swing. 

When compared to Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT), Swings offers sophisticated GUI components, it also offers a look and feel and allows applications to have a look and feel unrelated to the underlying platform. Swing has powerful and flexible components than AWT. Swing components includes: buttons, checkbox, labels and advanced components: tables, trees, lists, tabbed panel and scroll panes. 

Since Swings are entirely written using Java, they are not platform-specific code, they are platform-independent. javax.swing package contains swing classes. 

Swing has high modular-based architecture, which allows for plugging various custom implementations of specific framework interfaces. Swing is component based framework; all components are derived from javax.swing.JComponent class. Swing objects are bound to specific properties, when particular component is called, corresponding methods or properties are invoked accordingly. These components are Java Beans component, compliant with the Java Beans component architecture specifications. 

The visual representation of swing component is a combination of standard set of elements: border, inset, decorations. Swing’s has high level of flexibility, which is reflected in its inherent ability to override host OS’s GUI controls for displaying itself. All swing components relies on AWT container, because swing’s extends AWT’s container.

Swing library makes use of Model View Controller (MVC) software design pattern; this controls the user interface and data through which it is viewed.  Overall MVC pattern is a loosely coupled collaborative object relationship pattern, MVC model provides programmatic means for attaching event listeners to the data model object.

Download  Term Assignment of Modern Program Tool Menu Element .

Java is purely an object oriented programming language developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems, which is a supporter company of Oracle Corporation.  Java’s most of the syntax and semantics are derived from C and C++. Java source code is first compiled into bytecodes which results in a class file, then the class file can be run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Bytecodes are a set of machine instructions which are not specific to any one processor.

Java is a platform independent and portable language because of “Write Once, Run Anywhere” feature. The Java programs written once should run similarly on diverse hardware.

The software Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is required to run java applications. Java Development toolkit (JDK) is a superset of JRE, which includes development tools, Java compiler, Javadoc and debugger.

Java Development has 2 parts:

1)   Java Compiler

2)   Java Interpreter

 

Compiler converts java code to a bytecode, interpreter executes the bytecode with the help of JVM. Debugger helps to find and fix the bugs in java programs.

Java is very successful for developing server-sided applications including: web services and EJB.  

An applet is a java program which consists of bytecode. Java applet runs in a web browser using JVM. Applets provide interactive features to web applications which cannot be provided by HTML alone.

A servlet is a server sided java programming, which extends the capabilities of servers using a request-response programming model.

JavaBeans are reusable component for java. They are classes written in the Java language. Beans encapsulate many objects into a single object and it is passed around as a single bean object instead of multiple individual objects.

Java has built-in support for multi-threaded programming; with this it is possible to write programs that can do many tasks at a time. This feature is helpful in building interactive applications.

Java Server Pages is a technology to create dynamic web pages based on HTML, XML. JSP makes use of component based approach which helps to easily combine static HTML with look-and-feel java component to develop dynamic pages.

Download  Seminar Topic on Java  .

Introduction to IP Telephony Seminar Topic:

Internet protocol telephony represents technologies that use the internet protocol’s packet switched connection to exchange voice, fax, and information which was traditionally been carried over dedicated circuit-switched connection. Calls travel as packets of data on shared lines using internet.

Telephone calls are transported over internet using IP, whether traditional telephony devices, dedicated terminals or multimedia PCs may take part in calls and calls can be either entirely or partially transmitted over internet.

IP telephony uses protocols for transport and for signaling. Transport is done using UDP over IP for voice packets and either UDP or TCP over IP for signals. Signaling protocols provide special features like: establishing a call, terminating a call, forwarding a call, call waiting and making conference calls.

The benefit of IP is money saving and easy implementation of services. IP telephony system consists of these elements:

• End Devices: may be traditional telephones (analog/ISDN/GSM/..), audio equipped PC or single use appliances.
• Gateways: the task of gateways is translating transmission format, signaling procedures, audio codec to/from the format for transport over internet.
• Gatekeepers / proxies: provide centralized call management functions; call admission control, bandwidth management, address translation, authentication, user location, etc.
• To manage multiparty conferences, multipoint conference units are used.

The two-way transmission of voice over packet-switched IP network is part of the TCP/IP protocol. IP is the universal transport for almost all data and video communications worldwide.

The calls between PC to PC or between phones and PCs using public internet became popular, but call quality over internet is erratic because internet provides no guarantee of QOS. But when organization has control over its network, quality can be excellent. Organizations with their own IP networks and IP telephony carriers have developed IP backbones, and provide voice quality that competes with the traditional PSTN.

Even though global telephone network has been converted to digital for some time, the circuit switched public telephone network is wasteful. One person talks and other listens, both “caller” and “callee” channels are always dedicated. IP voice codec cut the digital requirement from 64Kbps down to 8Kbps with good quality. Thus bandwidth requirement for voice on an IP network is 1/16^th of PSTNs dedicated digital circuit.

Download  Seminar Report on IP Telephony .

Introduction to Cluster Computing Seminar:

Congestion avoidance:

When congestion is detected the device responds by throttling back the rate at which it sends the data. The device then uses an algorithm to lower the rate of data transfer and when congestion is cleared then it gradually increases the rate.

Cluster computing examples:

Many applications use cluster computing for greater performance, and flexibility. Examples of these are Google search engine, Image rendering. The google search engine uses the cluster computing as it provides load balancing, availability, reliability. When a user enters a qauey in the webpage, the browser searches for the IP address via the www.google.com Domain Name Server (DNS).

Google uses DNS based load balancing system that matches the query to a cluster that is geographically nearest to the user. The IP address of the selected cluster is returned. The web browser then sends the search request in the form of HTTP to the selected cluster. The selected cluster then processes the query locally. A hardware based load balancer monitors the available set of the Google Web Servers(GWS) in the cluster and distributes the request evenly among the cluster. The GWS machine receives the request, executes the query and sends the search result back to the user browser.

The second example is image rendering. In this, the images which are very large to analyze, such as any explosion are analyzed by using the divide and conquer technique. The dataset of the image are broken into smaller images and processed in the different nodes of a cluster. After this these datasets are integrated to form the single image. So, the cluster computing is of great importance in today’s scenario.

Download  Cluster Computing Seminar Abstract .

Introduction to Cluster Computing Presentation:

Cluster Applications: The different types of applications on the cluster have different behavior. Some require high bandwidth and low latency capabilities. Some need commodity cluster. Between these two ends, many messaging algorithms and applications fall. There are four types of applications namely compute intensive, data or input/output intensive, and transaction intensive. Each have unique characteristics. Computing intensive applications are those which require a lot of computations.

These applications are very sensitive latency in messages. These applications are also graphic intensive. In data intensive applications large storage is required. Performance of these applications is dependent on the architecture of the cluster, the bandwidth of the network attached storage. Data intensive applications are beneficial in data mining, genome, and protein science applications. In transaction intensive applications, there is high interaction between application resources and cluster resources. This is used in banking, financial, human resources, and web based applications.

Performance Impacts:

Here, first Data throughput calculation of theoretical maximum throughput is done and then effective throughput is calculated which is always less than the theoretical throughput. Throughput for clusters is based on total no. of nodes, switch architecture, forwarding technology, queuing methodology, buffering depth and allocation, noise and error on the cable plant.

Slow start:

In the original implementation of TCP, when the connection was established between two devices, they could send segments as fast as they liked till there is space in other device’s receive window. In busy network, new traffic can create congestion. To solve this problem the modern TCP devices are restricted at the rate at which they send their segments. In starting they can send only a limited amount of segments. Then each time they receive an acknowledgement they can send more segments. Thus the device starts slow.

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Introduction to Cluster Computing Seminar Topic:

Cluster computing is the integration of standalone computers and resources connected with the help of hardware, networks, and software to behave like a single computer. The technologies available today, have redefined cluster computing. It incorporates load balancing clusters and high availability clusters. Clusters are made up of standalone computers connected to a single or a group of interconnected switches operating at layer 2 and within  a virtual LAN. Each computer may have different properties like number of processors, access to various storage devices. The network used for this, contains high speed, low latency switches.

The factors like price, performance, and compatibility with other cluster hardware and system software as well as communication characteristics of the applications that will use the cluster decide the type of network technology to be used. Decisions like type of hardware the nodes will run on, which interconnect to be used, which switches architecture to build on, are to taken before assembling of a cluster. Each decision affects the others.

The benefits of the cluster computing are scalability, availability, and performance. In scalability, the compute nodes process together to run cluster-enabled applications. In availability, if one compute node fails, then other nodes provide backup to the running applications. For performance, all the nodes all the nodes run same application, and hence provide better performance.

There are different clusters to accomplish different tasks. High Availability or Failover Cluster are those which provide high availability to the applications or services. In this type of cluster, the compute nodes are connected in such a way that if a node fails then the applications running over it are transferred onto the other node. So there is uninterrupted availability of services to the user, though it reduces some performance, but in the mean time the failover node can be repaired.

This type of cluster is best for mails, file, database, web, or application servers. Load Balancing Cluster is another cluster type which is used to provide high availability. In this cluster, the nodes contain same contents and are able to handle same request. The incoming request is distributed among the different nodes. If some node fails, then the request is distributed again to the remaining nodes. This cluster along with fail over cluster gives high reliability and availability and is used in mail, web, news, or FTP services. 

Download  Seminar Report on Cluster Computing .

Introduction to GSM Technology seminar Paper Presentation:

Types of cells: The different types of cells are macro cells, micro cells, selective cells, umbrella cells.

GSM network identifiers: These are the unique numbers that a GSM network uses to locate a mobile subscriber when a call is being established. Numbering plans are used to identify different networks.

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI): For correct identification over radio path and through the GSM PLMN network, a specific identity is attached to each subscriber. This identity is called IMSI number. It is stored in SIM card, the HLR and in VLR. IMSI consists of three different parts – Mobile Country Code (MCC), Mobile Network Code (MNC), and Mobile Subscribers Identification Number (MSIN).

Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN): This is a temporary identity which is assigned during the establishment of a call to roaming subscribers.

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI): It is a temporary IMSI number and used to protect the subscriber’s identity on the air interface. The TMSI has local significance only.

International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI): This is used to uniquely identify MS equipment to the network. It is used for security procedures such as identifying stolen equipment and preventing unauthorized access to the network.

Local Area Code (LAI): It is temporary identity, which is also required for routing. Its two main purposes are paging and location updating.

Cell Global Identity (CGI): It is used for identifying individual cells within a LA.

Base Station Identity Code (BSIC): It enables MSs to distinguish between different base stations sending on the same frequency.

Control channels: When an MS is switched on, it searches for a BTS to connect to. It is done by particular logical channel called BCCH. A frequency carrying BCCH contains important information for an MS, including the current LA identity, synchronization information and network identity. Without such information, MS cannot work with a network.

Handovers: The process of changing cells during a call is called handovers. In the handover function, actual switching of the connection to other channel takes place. If the cell belong to another BSC, the MSC is also involved in the handover. Handover is also used for load balancing between the cells. During a call setup in a congested cell, the MS can be forced over to another cell with less traffic.

Future of GSM: Today it is being used by 2.3 billion people worldwide and its growth is expected to be maintained.

Generation: The generations used are HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data), GPRS (General Packet Radio Services), EDGE (Enhances Data Rate for GSM Evolution), and WCDMA (Wideband CDMA)

Download  GSM Technology seminar Paper Presentation .

Introduction to Seminar Topic on GSM Architecture:

Mobile Station (MS): The MS includes all user equipment and software needed for communication with a wireless telephone network. It refers to the mobile phone. MS includes four main components namely Mobile Terminal (MT) which offers the common function that is used by all the services the MS offers, Terminal Interface (TE) which is a peripheral device of the MS and offers services to the users, Terminal Adapter (TA) that hides radio specific characteristics, and Subscriber Identity Module (SIM).

Cells: The cells are individual sets of transmitting and receiving equipment which along with its neighbor cells gives a complete coverage area of the network service area. The cell is an area of radio coverage which the network identifies with the Cell Global Identity (CGI).

Base Tran receiver System (BTS): It encodes, encrypts multiplexes, modulates and feeds the RF signal to the antenna. It consists of the trans receivers and antennas. It communicates with MS and BSC.

Base Station Controller (BSC): It has high capacity switch that provides functions like MS handover, power control, and call setup, transcending and rate adaptation functionally, radio channel assignment and the collection configuration data.

Mobile Service Switching Centre (MSC): It is the main part of the network. It manages communication between GSM and other networks. Its functions are call setup, basic switching and call routing, billing information and collection, mobility management, location updating, inter BSS and inter MSC call handoff.

Home Location Register (HLR): It is the database which contains data about mobile subscribers. Whenever a subscriber buys any subscription from any operator, his complete profile is recorded in HLR. When the subscriber moves to another location his MSC/VLR ID is accordingly updated.

Visitor Location Registers (VLR): It is a temporary database which updates whenever new MS enters its area. It controls mobile roaming in its area. It reduces number of queries to HLR. The database contains IMSIm TMSI, MSISDN, MSRN, Location area, Authentication key.

Authentication Centre (AUC): It is a protected database that stores a copy of secret key stored in subscribers’ SIM card and protects against intruders in air interface. It provides HLR with authentication parameters, cipher keys and algorithms and provides security triplets.

Network Management Centre (NMC): It provides hierarchical network management of the complete GSM system. It is responsible for operation and maintenance at the network level support by the OMCs which are responsible for network management.

Equipment Identity Register (EIR): It is the database that contains a list of all valid mobile equipments on the network. It is made up of white list, black list, gray list.

Gateway MSC (GMSC): This is used to connect different network operators to connect with their own network. The call first reaches the GMSC, the location of the called subscriber is searched in HLR, this information is send to the GMSC, then the GMSC routes the call to the correct MSC. The MSC is now connected with the MS, and the subscribers are connected.

Operation and maintenance centre (OMC): OMC is connected to all the devices in the SS and to the BSC and BTS. The links between a GSM/PLMN network and the other PSTN, ISDN or PLMN networks is on International or National Transit Exchange level. All the incoming calls to a GSM/PLMN Network are send to GMSC, then to MSC/BSC coverage area and finally to the correct BTS. MSC can have only one service area.

Location Area (LA): The MSC/VLR service area is divided into several location areas. A location area is a part of MSC/VLR in which a mobile moves freely. In this area, a paging message is broadcasted in order to find the called subscriber. A location area can have several cells and depends on one or more BSCs but it belongs to same MSC/VLR. The system identifies the location using the Location Area Identity (LAI).

Cellular Structure: The covering area of an operator is divided into cells. It is the area covered by one or small collection of transmitters. The size of a cell is determined by the power of the transmitter. In cellular system transmitters of low power are used to enable re usability of frequencies. The frequency band allocated to a cellular mobile radio system is distributed over a group of cells and this distribution of frequency will be repeated in all the covering area of the operator. The distance between the cells using the same frequency should be sufficient to avoid interference. The cells are grouped into clusters. The number of cells in the clusters should be small to increase the number of channels per cell. But a balance has to be maintained in order to avoid interference.

Download  Seminar Topic on GSM Architecture .