Category: CSE Project Reports

Problem definition

As discussed the main aim of this project is to evaluate the quality of service requirements for the voice applications across the wireless LAN networks and in this context OPNET modeler is used as the simulation tool and the simulation has three scenarios.

A simple low quality speech is used for the first scenario and IP telephony application is used for the second scenario, where the GSM quality speech is used for the third scenario. Application and profile definitions are also done where each scenario is created at the application level configurations and these profiles are set for the 20 mobile nodes and the wireless LAN server used across the WLNA based MANET. Voice level and wireless LAN level metrics are used for the performance evaluation for three scenarios created and the simulation is run for 5 minutes to evaluate the results.

All the three scenarios created are compared at the performance level metrics and the corresponding quality of service requirements is analyzed to understand the best voice source in terms of quality of service. The actual aims and objective used for this research are as given below.

Importance of Voice in upcoming Networks:

The prediction of congregated networks for coming generations is possible now because of the wide range of growth in the access of broadband and that which leads for the development of ATM and IP infrastructures, and these upcoming networks are those where the data, video and voice services are offered across the infrastructure of a single network.

This leads to the establishment of two key drivers and these two drivers must be considered significantly for providing the end-to-end voice services for the voice solutions of next generation networks. The clear explanation of the two drivers is given below.

• Triple play networks: The service providers who has newly entered into market also trying to offer a voice service that is “PSTN replacement voice service” and this is done for offering an exciting package by adding better television services and fast video and internet facilities. In order to offer this package of services the service providers or operators partially focuses on the requirement of voice support for them but the truth is that the expenses are reduced by these voice services and the best returns and margins on investments are provided by these voice services and is significant for the operators.
• PSTN Evolution: The traditional service providers of the network are trying to divert their relic platforms of PSTN against the networks that are new. This diversion is focused by the investment saving which is provided by the data networks and voice networks which are integrated, the new services offered can gain better profit in addition and the support of networks is towards, and thus switches the coming desuetude of the narrow bands that are installed.

                     The networks of the coming generation must have the capacity of encouraging the services that are almost similar to the PSTN that is exist presently especially in terms of the reliability and availability and this is done for effectively encouraging the needs of various kinds of voice arrangements.

In addition to this, the capacity of upholding the voice services even in the situations like over load and in this type of approach that there will be a great decrease in the voice calls in count, the reliability of the up-hold voice calls is also sustained in the situations that are severely extreme. 

Project background 

Quality of service (QoS) is the key requirements across enhancing the overall performance of the network in many aspects and with this regard there are many measures towards the quality of service. It is always important to enhance the quality of service requirements across the applications to ensure the maximum traffic delivery across the network and also to improve the efficiency of the application in terms of quality without any external disturbances.

In general the QoS metrics are required to understand the overall efficiency of the network in any aspect and also these metrics will become the access points for the further usage of any application. With the revolution in the communication and technology in these days many applications are introduced and voice application are one among them. Voice applications are widely used across the world these days and the flexibility in using the voice communication has increased a lot and due to this different voice features are also added to the voice applications.

There are many commercial applications introduced in this context and most of the service providers are enhancing the quality of service requirements for these voice applications to gain more customers and ratings. In general the quality of service for the voice applications depends on many aspects and all these aspects should be fine tuned to ensure the maximum quality across the voice applications and there is lot of research done in this context and most of the researchers are providing ample sources to enhance the quality of the voice applications. 

Wireless communication has increased rapidly these days and the level of application support and the level of operations are implemented at a high end. Across the many wireless communication techniques implemented, wireless LAN has a significant role to play and supports a wide range of applications towards a perfect implementation of the wireless communication patterns.

Wireless LAN supports may wireless communication applications like voice communication, data communication and video communication. Across many applications and techniques implemented across the voice applications has a significant role and required a top level quality to implement the voice applications as the data delivery should be accurate with respect to the voice applications.

In general quality of service should be given importance as the quality of the application delivered should be on the top and even the network resources are utilized with the multimedia and voice application. Few QoS metrics like throughput, end to end delay, jitter and packet delivery ratio and these metrics are used to measure the performance of the network with respect to the application delivery across the wireless LAN.

In general voice schemes are usually implemented across the wireless LAN and these voice schemes has lot of issues with respect to the quality of the application delivery process and these issues are measured against the quality of service requirements. A typical voice scheme should be implemented against few quality of service requirements like throughput, average delay, retransmission time, packet loss and network load and there are different techniques in place to measure these quality of service requirements and most of them fail to provide the accurate rate of metrics across the wireless LAN. Based on these aspect the actual problem identified is given in the below section.

Performance of the voice applications depends mainly on the quality of service requirements and in general there are many issues that affect the quality requirements.  In general wireless LAN networks supports a wide range of voice applications and their quality should be improved and thus the main aim of this project is to evaluate the performance of the wireless LAN against the quality of service aspects for different voice applications.

OPNET modeler simulation is done in this context and three scenarios are created where the first scenario deals with low quality speech, second scenario generates the IP telephony traffic and the third scenario deals with GSM quality voice application. Few voice and wireless LAN metrics are used in the simulation process and the exact quality of service requirements are analyzed and the key observations are as given below. 

Three scenarios are created to understand the quality of service requirements for voice application across the MANETs and among these three scenarios a low quality speech application is used for the first scenario, IP telephony application is used for the second scenario and a GSM quality speech is used for the third scenario.

Performance of these applications is estimated against the quality of service requirements using the voice and wireless LAN metrics and based on the results it is clear that GSM quality speech has shown the maximum QoS standards when compared to the other scenarios. When the voice metrics like jitter, MOS, traffic sent and traffic received are considered the GSM quality speech has shown the optimal performance and IP telephony has consumed more resources in terms of bandwidth and the quality of service requirements has reduced a lot with the IP telephony.

When the wireless LAN metrics like delay, medium access delay, load, network load, retransmission attempts and throughput are considered the IP telephony has reduced the quality of service requirements and again the GSM quality has shown the optimal performance and thus with this it is concluded that GSM quality level applications are used to enhance the quality of service requirements in the voice applications and IP telephony need to be fine tuned in lot of aspects to improve the quality of service requirements.

Project background:

Wireless communication has increased rapidly these days and the level of application support and the level of operations are implemented at a high end. Across the many wireless communication techniques implemented, wireless LAN has a significant role to play and supports a wide range of applications towards a perfect implementation of the wireless communication patterns.

Wireless LAN supports may wireless communication applications like voice communication, data communication and video communication. Across many applications and techniques implemented across the voice applications has a significant role and required a top level quality to implement the voice applications as the data delivery should be accurate with respect to the voice applications.

In general quality of service should be given importance as the quality of the application delivered should be on the top and even the network resources are utilized with the multimedia and voice application. Few QoS metrics like throughput, end to end delay, jitter and packet delivery ratio and these metrics are used to measure the performance of the network with respect to the application delivery across the wireless LAN.

In general voice schemes are usually implemented across the wireless LAN and these voice schemes has lot of issues with respect to the quality of the application delivery process and these issues are measured against the quality of service requirements. A typical voice scheme should be implemented against few quality of service requirements like throughput, average delay, retransmission time, packet loss and network load and there are different techniques in place to measure these quality of service requirements and most of them fail to provide the accurate rate of metrics across the wireless LAN.

In this project an OPNET based simulation is done to evaluate the Quality of service requirements with respect to wireless LAN and the key aim and objectives of this project are as listed below 

Aim: To evaluate the quality of service requirements for different voice schemes across the wireless LAN using OPNET. 

Objectives 

Following are the research objectives 

• To critically review Wireless LAN networks and the working principles
• To review the quality of service requirements for different applications across the wireless LAN and in specific for the voice schemes
• To design the quality of service metrics and the corresponding parameters across the voice schemes using OPNET modular
• To create the simulation scenarios to measure the QoS requirements against the parameters like throughput, retransmission time, network load, and packet loss and packet delivery rate.
• To run the simulation process against these parameters
• To evaluate the results and analyze the QoS requirements for the voice schemes for wireless LAN. 

How the objectives are achieved 

1. Literature review is prepared using the articles, journals, websites and ACM digital library
2. Above references are used to review the wireless LANs and different applications supported across the wireless LAN is done
3. Different quality of service requirements are analyzed with respect to the applications supported to the wireless LAN and in specific for the voice schemes
4. Wireless LAN voice schemes are considered across the physical layer and MAC layer across the simulation design
5. Simulation design is done using OPNET and the required network setup and parameter setup are analyzed to evaluate the QoS requirements for the voice schemes across the wireless LAN
6. OPNET simulation tool is used to create the scenarios and the QoS metrics are simulated
7. Results are evaluated to measure the requirements for the quality of service for different voice schemes
8. Performance of the wireless LAN against the QoS requirements for the wireless LAN is analyzed and evaluated. 

Reason to choose this project 

I have some knowledge on wireless LAN and different range of applications supported across the wireless LAN during my graduation and gained some knowledge towards different voice schemes. I have tried to analyze the importance of the quality of service requirements for different applications and faced some issues with respect to these issues and in this project, I would like to evaluate the requirement of quality of service metrics to analyze the performance of different voice schemes across wireless LAN using OPNET simulation. 

Resource requirements 

Software requirements 

OPNET modeler 14.0 or later

Operating system: Windows 7 

Hardware requirements 

PROCESSOR        :    PENTIUM IV 2.6 GHz

RAM                    : 1 GB 

Project Plan 

Task	Description	Start Date	End Date	Duration
Introduction	Basic introduction to the project along with the problem definition and aims and objectives are defined in this section.			1 week
Literature review	Following topics are covered under literature review Review on wireless LAN Review on different applications supported across the wireless LAN Analysis on QoS requirements for different applications Analysis on different voice schemes implemented across wireless LAN and the corresponding QoS metrics to be considered.			4 weeks
Design	Following design aspects are covered under this section Scenarios design Parameters design			3 weeks
Simulation	Following aspects are covered under the implementation section Network setup Simulation of the scenarios Running the scenarios against the parameters			4 weeks
Evaluation of results	Results achieved after running the individual scenarios and after comparing the scenarios are explained in this chapter with reference to the aims and objectives of this project.			2 weeks
Conclusion and Future work	Conclusion from the total work done and the results evaluation is given and the better ways to improve the project in future are also explained.			1 week

 Deliverable’s 

Following are the project deliverable’s 

Initial report contain the below aspects 

• Introduction to project and problem definition
• Review on wireless LAN and the working principles of the network
• Review on different applications across the wireless LANs 

Interim report contain the below aspects 

• Review on QoS requirements for voice schemes across the wireless LAN
• Design of the scenarios and explanation to the parameters considered 

Final report contain the below aspects 

• Information from both the initial and interim report
• Design aspects of the simulation
• Simulation procedure and simulation steps considered
• Evaluation of results with explanation
• Conclusion and future work 

Final product contain the below aspects 

• Physical layer and MAC layer QoS requirements for the voice schemes across the wireless LAN
• Simulation of the wireless LAN and scenarios considered
• Evaluation of results

Concept of E-Learning: 

E-learning is popular in the entire world, the reason why it is popular is addresses in the overview. The concept of e-learning is discussed in this section.

Definition of e-learning: 

Various researchers have defined e-learning as “learning various activities and improving communication by using computers and networks i.e through electronic technology”. The other definition for e-learning is “the creation of knowledge and delivery of knowledge through online services in terms of education, communication, training and information”.

Researchers refers that e-learning is a kind of collaborative learning, in other ways called self-directed education that is based on the web-based technology. This indicates the importance of web- based technology and internet in e-learning . E-learning can also be defined as the “use of web and digital technologies and internet to attain facility of learning for the human beings”. E-learning also requires multimedia along with the web-based technologies.

Therefore, communication technology and information technology are focused mainly in E-learning. In order to develop the efficiency and learning performance e-learning is based on the information technology. Using the technology in E-learning is very much essential for the learners to educate him by using two-way video, cable, internet, satellite downlinks and two-way interaction of computer.

By using information and communication technology users can learn various activities like learning from e-mail, coaching through e-mail, online discussions and online research. So E-learning is also defined as the learning of various activities by using computers, multimedia technologies and networks.

E-learning has become popular these days and number of lecturers and students are attracted towards the online learning methods. E-learning has started its evaluation from distance education methods, where the education is not done at a class room level.

Distance learning has become successful due to many advantages like its flexibility, ease of use and learning from a remote location as well. Even the business aspects has raised a lot in E-learning and lot of returns are achieved based on E-learning business and it is around US$90 billion at the beginning of 2000.

Mostly e-learning is used by the adults who are already working in some organizations, they are learning for a better qualification with out neglecting their current job and also with out disturbing their earning capability.

This e-learning is not only popular for the working employees it is also used by the students and some job searchers also. In the younger generation e-learning had become a daily requirement as the technology and internet is spread throughout the world. The fact is that e-learning or online learning is generally used by the teenagers. Even though it is popular and most used, e-learning has few limitations.

One of such limitations is learners who don’t have computer proficiency will use e-learning for attaining good knowledge as the e-learning mainly focuses on the computer technologies, but the learners who don’t have good computer skills will feel this as a barrier for them. The other limitation is, in e-learning the physical interaction among the learners will be limited.

Thesis Organization:

 Introduction to this E-Learning project is given in this chapter and the detailed explanation to the next chapters of this Final Year Project is given below.
Chapter 2: Literature Review 
Critical analysis of the e-Learning methods and techniques is done in this chapter with reference to the previous work done across this area and introduction to the Moodle software is also given 
Chapter 3: Design 
Detailed explanation to the design procedure followed to create the website is given in this chapter. All the features added to the website and the corresponding design aspects used are explained in detail across this chapter.
 Chapter 4: Implementation 
The actual procedure followed to create the website and the necessary technical operations done are explained in this chapter. Moodle installation procedure and customization procedure are also covered in this chapter 
Chapter 5: Results explanation 
All the results achieved while executing the website created are explained in this chapter with reference to the screenshots and the corresponding explanation to the results 
Chapter 6: Conclusion 
Conclusion to the complete work done and the corresponding observations are made in this chapter. 
Chapter 7: Future work 
Possible future work that can be done apart from the work done in this project to improve the quality of the work is explained in this chapter. 

There are different online websites across the learning process and sophisticated technical implementations are incorporated across them to develop the respective websites. Developing a online learning system from the scratch is really a tedious problem as there are different number of issues to be handled across while designing the website.

In general different features should be provided to the end users with respective to the online learning websites and these requirements are ever increasing as the technology advancements are progressing.

To handle these numbers of issues is really a tough job to be accomplished and maintaining a lot of programming logic is also not easy and only technical experts should be placed across the website to handle all the required features and issues from the end users. If the online learning website is restricted to a school or college, maintaining of that particular is easy, when the idea to develop a global level online learning website, handling the issues from worldwide users is really hard and need more attention on the website and a continuous monitoring is required to handle all the possible issues and kills a lot time and resources to develop a global kind of online learning system.

To solve these many issues a well developed Moodle software can be used, where the end users can just simply download the software and make the necessary customizations to develop the required global level online learning system. In this Final Year Project a standard Moodle based online learning system that can be applied at a high school level is created and the actual procedure followed to create this website is given in the later chapters. 

Aims and objectives: 

Following are the aims and objectives identified in this Final Year Project

Aim: To develop an online learning website that can be used across the high schools based on Moodle software 

Objectives 

• To investigate and critically review the concept of E-Learning
• To study the Moodle software and the corresponding features available to develop a customized software
• To create a standard website based on the Moodle templates and assign few users and features to the website
• To customize the standard options like chat, courses, videos and RSS Feeds
• To test the website against the expected behavior and evaluate the results