Category: CSE Project Reports

Assessment Criteria 

	A	B	C	D	E	F
Section 1: Learning outcome: A2. Usability constraints in the design and development of IT systems A3. Theoretical and practical underpinnings of Computer Science	Well written report demonstrating excellent understanding of all major issues. Excellent use of relevant source material	Report demonstrates thorough understanding of most major issues.   Good use of relevant source material	Report shows good understanding of issues but lacks detail or clarity   Relevant source material used	Some understanding of major issues but lacks depth or breadth     Some suitable source material used	Some understanding shown Rather superficial     Little use of source material	Little understanding shown Superficial attempt     Inappropriate use of source material
Section 2 Learning outcome: C3. Synthesis of a range of knowledge and techniques	A good well-rounded synthesis of relevant material       Excellent use of relevant source material	A good selection of relevant material presented in a suitable manner     Good use of relevant source material	Generally good understanding of major issues       Relevant source material used	Some understanding of major issues but lacks depth or breadth   Some suitable source material used	Some understanding shown Rather superficial     Little use of source material	Little understanding shown Superficial attempt       Inappropriate use of source material
Section 3 Learning outcome: B4. Generation, design and evaluation of solutions to practical problems in Computer Science	Well chosen techniques used and documented  in a professional manner	Suitable and relevant techniques used well throughout and documented well	Generally relevant techniques applied and documented in a suitable manner	A few relevant techniques used and presented in a coherent manner	Techniques tried but  not applied well, or not documented well	Poor choice of techniques, poor documentation of process
Section 4 Learning outcome: The ability to apply and evaluate appropriate techniques for the production of usable interfaces within a variety of paradigms	A clearly evidenced, well planned and professionally applied testing strategy	An evidenced, well planned strategy showing understanding of all issues	Evidence of a good plan and test with suitable understanding	A suitable plan provided with evidence of a reasonable test and some understanding of issues	A test plan provided with evidence of some testing some understanding of  major issues	Poor test plan little evidence of real testing  little understanding shown
Section 5 Learning outcome: D1. Make informed judgements on the application of appropriate models and techniques	A mature and professional evaluation of all elements	Good evaluation of most parts of the project	Evaluation is good in places, but does not demonstrate depth of understanding	Adequate evaluation of most parts of the project, but rather superficial in places	Some evaluation provided but shows a general lack of understanding in places	Inadequate evaluation of all aspects

 

Trauma Disease Introduction:

                            The mechanical damage caused by an external force to the body is referred as trauma. The trauma patient is described as “an injured patient who requires diagnosis in time and treatment of injuries by highly health care professionals supported by appropriate resources, in order to reduce or eliminate the risk of permanent disability or death.”

                                  The third leading cause of death in United States is Trauma. It is also the leading cause of mortality for patients between 1 and 44 years of age. Through a well studied distribution, mortality after death can be characterized which identifies three time periods during which major deaths occur. Approximately 50% of deaths occur immediately. Through only injury prevention these deaths can be avoided. And during initial hours post injury, approximately 30%of deaths occur. Prevention of these deaths is the goal of modern trauma care. And finally 20% of deaths occur late. These late complications can be prevented by improved early management of injury and associated shock. 

                                    The word trauma is derived from the Greek work “Tpavma” which means physical injury. The damage to the body which is caused by a sudden disclosure to environmental energy that is beyond the body flexibility is defined as trauma or injury. The involved energy can be in a number of forms. The most common form is the mechanical energy which accounts for the great majority of all injuries. Vehicle crashes and gunshot wounds are the examples of these kinds of injuries. Traumatic injury can also result from other forms of energy like het, ionizing radiation and electricity. These occur less commonly.

Special needs of the individual affected by trauma:

                                      The individual who was affected from trauma has special needs than the affected individuals requiring rehabilitation. There are special needs to trauma patients, in addition to the specific needs to each disability. Sometimes an individual have multiple injuries. Some of these injuries may be hidden or some may be undiscovered.

                                      If multiple injuries are present, then there should be an increase in the need for better coordination of care as more specialists will become a part of the care team and multiple injuries are treated simultaneously. The trauma patients will be younger. Although younger patients have more medical prospects, they also have many issues which require more care than the older patients. For many traumatically injured patients, return to work is an important issue. They have younger families and responsibilities. 

Training methods:

                                  Many obstructions are there in training medics, nurses, medical students to present trauma care skills. These include emergent nature of the procedures, availability of clinical material, instructor time, and anatomic knowledge. Each of these obstructions is addressed by virtual reality simulators. A unique national asset, the national capital area medical simulation centre teaches trauma care skills to medical students by not only using state-of-the-art simulators but also adapts existing technology and develops new simulations in order to teach these skills. Standard trauma training is performed on mannequins or anesthetized animals.

Constant presence of an instructor is required. VR applications are treated as standalone devices which have built-in situations and multiple patients to increase variations and level of skills are required to complete successfully the required steps of the trauma procedure. To teach trauma skills, commercial VR simulators include UltraSim ultra sound simulator, limb trauma simulator and human patient simulator. Based on HT cathsim two additional simulators are developed. They are diagnostic peritonel lavage simulator and pericardiocentesis simulator.

                                  The focus of the surgical simulation laboratory is training resuscitation principles and techniques to the students of Uniformed Services University and at the same time engaging in research in order to improve the training. A, B, C’s of the American college of surgeons advanced trauma life support course should be followed by the initial trauma patient. Establishing an airway for the patient is the first step if the patient is comatose, obtunded, or has an obstructed airway. To secure the patient’s airway, there are several methods but time is the main challenge. Surgical airway is the best approach, if less invasive methods fail or not appropriate. 

Title

Online Training facility for the medical professionals on Trauma 

Aim

The main aim of this application is provide an internet based training system to train the medical professionals on Trauma disease.  This research mainly concentrates on designing a web based training portal where the medical professionals can learn different aspects of Trauma disease.

Changed Aim

To develop an online portal that provides training on Trauma disease to medical professionals. 

Deliverables

Following deliverables could be derived across the web application development

• A well designed distant training portal, where there are lot of articles on Trauma disease.
• Database where all the dynamic content about the articles are maintained
• Role based login and proper administration to the database. 

Changed Deliverables

Following are few deliverables that could be derived across the application development

• Project will deliver an online training portal with rich user interface
• A customizable database template, where all the articles and journals related to Trauma disease are maintained
• A well documented research work on Trauma disease and how to create an online training database. 

Research Questions

1. How to evaluate the data of Trauma disease and maintain the related content online?
2. How to provide secured access to the web based training portal, such that only    privileged users can access the articles and content related to Trauma.

Modified Research Questions

1. How to create an online training portal that provides training to medical professionals
2. What is Trauma disease and how far the online training benefits the medical professionals to gain the knowledge on it?

Project Title:  Anti bullying software to evaluate the statistical results of bullying at different areas of workplace.

Aim: Aim of the project is to develop an anti bullying database and test it across various scenarios. Statistical data is collected from three different areas like sexual harassments, racial harassment and reduced promotion opportunities at workplace and a comparison mechanism is implemented across the bullying elements.

Deliverables:

Following aspects are derived while performing the research on the application

• A database is created that store different bullying elements in any workplace and to create a record to store the statistical data. Its rich user interface, which was developed with the help of forms, enables the user friendly environment, such that users can easily work on the database.
• A comparison mechanism is developed to compare different bullying elements in a workplace
• A clear report is generated on the analysis of the statistical data and how it is helpful in creating the Anti bullying database. 

Research questions: 

1. How bullying affects the employees at workplace and what are the attributes to be considered while recording the bullying elements at workplace?
2. How to make use of statistical data to create and test a typical anti bullying database. 

Literature Review:

Bullying is an act of repeated process of hurting the opposite person both physically and mentally. Any individual behaves dominatingly over another person and starts taking control over them by typical activities like misbehaving with them, scolding them with unparliamentarily language and activities (Brodsky, C (1976)). Bullying elements include many issues like Calling the respective persons name in a wrong manner, Verbally abusing a person, Performing written abuse on a person or group, Excluding themselves from social and cultural activities, Attempting or committing a physical abuse and coercion. (Ashforth, Blake, 2004)

There could be many reasons behind Bullies to behave like this and these include Imbalanced mental condition, Intention to get focused in a group, Seeking social attention, Dissatisfaction about the survival, Lack of knowledge on the work doing and Lack of interest on the regular activities.

There are many type of bullying like School bullying, Workplace bullying, Cyber bullying, Hazing, Political bullying and Military bullying (Batsche, G. M., & Knoff, H. M. (1994)) . Workplace bullying can be mainly caused because of the set of rules and regulations of the organisation.  Workplace bullying can be in different forms like serious harassments and low level harassments. Following are a few typical examples of low level harassments at workplace       

• Cracking jokes at workplace
• Written statements
• Actions that isolate the person and prevent him or her from working effectively
• Pressure across sexual forces
• Manipulative behavior that may include bribery or blackmail.
• Intentionally damning with faint praise
• Unnecessary interruption of co-workers at the time of work
• Belittling someone’s opinion
• Leaving nasty messages (herefordshirepolicy. (2008))

Their were many people who committed suicide because of restless bullying activities and the terminology assigned for this is called “bullycide”. Cyber bullicide refers to the action of committing suicide because of cyber bullying attack.

Putting all these bullying factors together, an anti bullying implementation is required to overcome all these scenarios. To evaluate the anti bullying implementation, any one should consider few aspects like Identifying the person being bullied, Identify the symptoms and signs of bullying, Identifying the factors like staff turnovers and its importance in evaluation of anti bullying, Impact of stress at the work place and how its affecting the attitude of the employee at the workplace . In most of the cases, schools can be an important factor of workplace bullying. The ultimate sufferers of this school bullying are teachers and other adults working in the school premises. In general parents are bullied by teachers and teachers are bullied by parents. Even children at school are seriously bullied like adults.

The major reason behind bullying is to cover the inefficiency of the individual. Bullying is majorly done by people who are in the managerial level of the organization who try to cover their incompetence. Managers who are capable of managing their co-workers grow well. However, the managers who are incapable of managing bully others. The degree to which a person bullies determines his level of insufficiency. Bullying is one of the inefficient ways of working which not only hurts the employers physically but also mentally. Bullies run dysfunctional and inefficient organizations; where efficiency and profit levels are loss. Prosperity is illusory and such organizations are a bad long-term investment. 

Effects of workplace bullying:

There could be number of effects of this workplace bullying and few of them are discussed below.

Effects on individuals: Effects on individuals can be further categorized in to two types like psychological, physiological and behavioural and further discussion is made as below

a)  Physiological effects: Physiological effects include serious effects like migraine headache, sweating and shivering, disturbed sleep; sever energy loss and loss of appetite. A part from these, the most common physiological effect is sleep disturbance. Their will be differences in the intake of food, either eating more than usual or eating less. Bullying leads to depreciation in both physical and emotional health which ultimately results to a condition of forgetful, clumsy, short tempered, getting over emotional.

b)  Psychological effects: Psychological effects include angry, worry, fear, panic attacks, and lack of motivation.

c)  Behavioural effects: Behavioural aspects include becoming angry, becoming irritable, usage of tobacco, usage of drugs and alcohol.

Effects on organization: There could be many effects on organization and few of them are listed below

• Reduced efficiency of the organization and its overall performance
• Lotof effect on quality aspects of the organization
• Low moral values across the employees
• High rate of absence from work and work place
• Drop in productivity, output and profits

• Increase in the legal cases across the organization and employees (herefordshirepolicy. (2008))

As per the act of “Ontario occupational Health and Safety (1979)”, Necessary precautions should be taken by the individuals to safeguard their health and their safety at the work place. This act also requires establishment of Joint Occupational Health and Safety Committee for large amount of employees.

Bullying was also faced by females in the early stages of their entering into business organizations. It was assumed that as the women entering the working public increased, a feminization of business organizations may also happen. Many leading publications such as Helgesen’s (1990) The Female Advantage, Helgesen’s (1995) The Web of Inclusion, and Rosener’s (1990) “Ways Women Lead” made us presume that a caring, gentle, and encouraging environment promoted  by humane, perceptive leaders may develop. The outputs expected are multiculturalism and diversity (herefordshirepolicy. (2008)).

An internet survey in 2000 revealed that 77.8% of South African people undergone some form of ill-treatment in their career process. On the other hand, bullying is a prolonged process which happens over a period of time on a victim and it is very embarrassing, harmful, vindictive that can open or hide conflict. Recent researches disclose that work place bullying is about 20% in the health zone (Brodsky, C. (1976))

As per the predictions of International Labor Organization in Geneva, there was a rapid increase in the knowledge of workplace bullying in many industrialized countries and thus can be concluded that the position has improved. On a world-wide research it was concluded that 1.5 – 3.5% of a country’s GDP is lost due to stress caused by bullying at workplace. This loss cannot be met by a developing countries economy and thus strategies and policies are put forth to reduce bullying.

Policy how to deal with bullying:

Bullying takes place at many parts of work environment in different stages of one’s life. Anti-bullying guidelines and strategies are trying to develop Safe schools policy to eradicate bullying at institutional level. This may also include:

• Sanctions for bullies
• No blame approach
• Peer support system
• Restorative justice

As per a survey conducted in 2006 with 1,500 children aged 8 to 13, it was discovered that most of them receive abusive text messages on their mobile phones, which include nasty, rude messages from friends whom the children with to sexually explicit texts, physical threats and bullying (herefordshirepolicy. (2008))

As per the information from “Information and guidance for employers’ human resources and personnel officers” there is a policy for all sensible employers to overcome harassment and inequity. This policy is to safeguard both employee and the employer. This policy provides an environment, such that one can fulfil his duties and tasks without any stress from others in any form of harassment.

How to overcome cyber bullying:

As any other bullying, Cyber bullying is all the phenomenon of criticizing the individual and tries to acquire power and control on the effected person. In order to overcome cyber bullying, the effected person should avoid responding to the emails and text messages posted by the bully. Thus, you can avoid them. If you give a chance to bully by responding to his messages, then u may go into trouble as they turn your minds and harass mentally.

The nature of bullies is that they have low self-esteem, they are quite weak and they plan to acquire control over victim’s lives. So once if you respond to a bully, they will try to change your emotional state and they feel happiness out of it, which is their devilkin strategy. 

Research Methods:

Both qualitative and quantitative methods can be implemented to develop the database. All the issues and affects of bullying can be scientifically investigated with the quantitative methods.

Qualitative research method is the research done by investigating the people who undergo bullying and also investigating the people who bully. This research can be done by interacting with the people or by conducting surveys. Behavioral aspects of the affected persons are studied by conducting surveys which includes a series of questions like

• What motivates a bully
• How the targets are choose by these bullies
• How to recognize a bully
• How to identify bullying incidents
• How to ignore bullies (Anti Bullying Network) 

Thus, the anti bullying database constructed with the statistical information brought from the survey is helpful to analyze the qualitative methodologies. Ethical approvals are required to gather the information from the workplace groups and a statistical analysis done as per the gathered data.

Quantitative research methods are done by creating a database with the surveyed information from different forms of workplace harassments and by proper analysis we reach to the conclusion. Through these quantitative methods answers for certain questions are known.

• Reason behind bullying
• Attitude of the person who bully
• Feeling of the individual who undergo bully
• Embarrassment tricks played in the workplace
• Group bullying techniques 

Evaluation:

Evaluation can be done based on the statistical data derived from the bullying aspects from three different places of workplace like sexual harassments, racial harassment and reduced promotion opportunities. Evaluation process considers different disciplinary actions taken against the employees and level of harassment and its impact on the ongoing work.

The information collected from these sources will help build the database for anti bullying purposes. The Evaluation of database is also done by critically evaluating the information collected using qualitative research techniques with the information already published or researched by noted authors and academicians. 

Hardware/software needed

Hardware Requirement

Operating System            : Windows XP Or Above

Processor                          : Intel Pentium Processor or above.

RAM                                : 512 MB RAM Minimum.

Hard drive                       : 20 GB Minimum.

Software Requirement                                      

Front End                                    : Lotus Notes Designer

Back End                         : Oracle Database

• Name
• Student Number
• Award
• e-Mail (home, work, university)
• Project Title

Aim

            Give details of your computing academic aim here

Deliverable

            Give details of the product to be developed.

Research question(s)

Give a statement of the research question, i.e., define the purpose of the project

Literature Review

Discuss critically, the available literature pertaining to the subject matter to be investigated by you, identifying any commonality, similarities, and differences in the work of others and the scope of your project.  Published work should be appropriately cited using Harvard Referencing.

Research Method

In this section you should discuss the research method you intend to adopt as pertaining to such things as data gathering and analysis, model building and experimentation, and interpretation of outputs such as results.

Evaluation

Discuss the method and techniques that you intend to use to evaluate the results (computing artefact(s)) produced by your project.

Hardware/software needed

Provisional schedule

Produce a Gantt chart clearly identifying projects tasks, their duration, and expected start and end times.  Other documents such as critical path and risk analysis should provide additional precision.

References

All cited articles should be listed alphabetically in Harvard Style.  (You may wish to include an annotated Bibliography in a separate section).

APPENDICES

Provide in this section, additional information and completed forms for such things as External Agreement, Ethical Approval, Correspondences pertaining to these, and your feedback records. 

1. How to develop a web application that can be able to transfer rich content like images and attachments related to patient information across the country?
2. How to implement a secure data transfer mechanism using one of the encoding and decoding principles across an internet or web application? 

The Developing a web application to transfer image and patient information project will be concerned with designing and implementing a medical database and system to transfer images over the internet and accompanying medical data on the patient-there are 2 projects here (i) to consider the security aspects involved (e.g. use of encryptic coding) and (ii) best methods and means of transfer and packaging/unpackaging of data 

Web-based applications 

Taking an example of Cleft Lip Models, we have adapted a web based educational tool for repairing cleft lip. Realtor the cleft lip leads to plastic surgery for inherited defects of the lips which needs multifaceted incisions and renovation. Skilful surgeon shows the incision lines designed in model to the user so that he can interact by viewing this model. By giving incision, the shape of the skin flaps is created, this is viewed on 3D animations by rotating the skin flaps and also they illustrate the model after completion of surgery. This application works, when the surgeon under go to operate cleft lip as it is limited for practical surgery. This application works to know the procedure of operation in a different view point. The medical data is stored in 62KB, hence the data can be downloaded within few seconds and accomplish the treatment interactively. 

Displaying CT/MRI Images with 3D Model Assistance 

In the practice of Computer Aided Surgery (CAS), medical doctors take an assistance of engineer frequently even engineers are not familiar with human anatomy they have to avail medical images. They will handle the system in assisting the medical images and displaying CT/MRI images affix with 3D models.  The data size of 3D model is 97 KB, this shows the transparency of the skin so the user can see the medical images perceptively.  

The radiation therapy is one among the clinical sections treated to the patients for the long term. Medical images include computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) they will give keen information about tumor and normal tissues. It is efficient to store medical images on a digital storage media. Picture Archive and Communication System (PACS) it is employed in on-line. Multiple images are operated from various modalities which can not give assurance of correct image alignment using conventional PACs. 

Retrieval of Radiotherapy Planning Data 

The patient image data is administer in PACS in which data transmits, retrieves, stores and displays digital images in relation with patient information from dissimilar imaging modalities in the hospitals. For data transfer some standards are required they are the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), it is used to store the patient data and image information. An extension for DICOM is DICOM-RT mainly meant for data interchange among radiotherapy modalities. In case of radiotherapy planning and restructured from DICOM CT slices. RT dose distribution and ROI contours of treatment and Organs at risks (OARS) which is interrelated with CT images and exported from Treatment Planning System (TPS) by DICOM and DICOM-RT transfer protocol. Then the data is imported into image for registration framework through open source conquest DICOM server.