Category: CSE Paper Presentations

Introduction to Blu Ray Disc Seminar Topic:

Blu-ray Disc is the name given to a next generation optical disc format which is developed in joint venture by a group of world’s leading consumer electronics, media and PC manufacturers and Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA). Some of the manufacturers who were involved in the development work are: Apple, Sony, Hitachi, Panasonic, HP, LG, Mitsubishi, Philips, Dell, Samsung, and Thomson.

The Blu-ray optical disc does recording, data rewriting, and playbacks high-definition video (HD) stores large amount of data. Blu-ray disc capacity is more than five times the traditional disc storage capacity. Blu-ray disc comes in two layers: single-layer disc and dual- layer disc. While single-layer disc can hold 25GB of data and dual-layer disc can hold up to 50GB.

Currently used disc technologies make use of red laser to read and write data, they are: DVD, DVD ±RW, and DVD-RAM. But Blu-ray optical disc uses blue-violet laser, therefore the name Blu-ray. When compared with red laser which is having 650nm wavelength, Blue-violet laser is having shorter wavelength i.e., 405nm, Blue-violet laser can focus the laser spot very accurately and packs the data more tightly and stores it in very small amount of space, so that more data can be accommodated on the disc even though it’s the same size as CD/DVD.

Blu-ray disc is the next generation optical digital video disc; it can record, store and play back HD video and digital audio and also computer data.

A single layer Blu-ray disc can hold 25 GB of data i.e., it can play HD video for more than two hours or about 13 hours of standard video.

A double layer Blu-ray disc can hold up to 50GB of data; it can play HD video for about 4.5 hours or can play standard video for more than 20 hours.

Blu-ray discs stores audio, video and other streams into a container format which is based on MPEG transport stream by multiplexing them.

Blu-ray Disc Applications:

• HD television recording
• HD video distribution
• HD camcorder archiving
• Mass Data storage
• Digital Asset management and
• Professional storage 

The Blu-ray disc is designed to stay relevant for at least 10-15 years. And it provides some of the strongest copy protection methods ever developed.  if any content publisher is wanting assurance for their valuable assets to be protected from piracy, then Blu-ray disc is the best choice. 

The disc has hard coating, which offers much stronger resistance to scratches and fingerprints than other existing formats. Blu-ray discs doesn’t require cartridge and can be used as bare disc, similar to CD and DVD. 

Download  Seminar Report on Blu Ray Disc  .

Introduction to SQL Joins Presentation:

SQL joins are used to fetch data from two or more tables from the database, using join condition. A join condition creates a relationship among columns in the data tables that take part in sql join. Data tables are linked with each other using keys, these key relationships are used in sql joins. Join is a process of combining tables side-by-side (horizontally)

When data from more than one table is required from database, a join condition is used. According to common values exist in columns; a row in one table can be joined to row in another table, i.e., usually primary and foreign key columns.

Different types of Joins:

1. Inner Join: returns only those records or rows that match in both the tables

Syntax:       select * from table1 as t1

                   Inner join table2 as t2

                   On t1.column = t2.column

1. Outer Join:

Three types of Outer join are:

1. Left Outer Join: returns all records or rows from left table and right table returns only matched records. NULL is returned if no columns in right table are matching.

Syntax: select * from table_1 as t_1

              Left outer join table_2 as t_2

              On t_1.column=t_2.column

1. Right Outer Join: returns all records or rows from right table and left table returns only matched records. If no matching columns in left table, it returns NULL.

Syntax: select * from table_1 as t_1

              Right outer join table_2 as t_2

              On t_1.column = t_2.column

1. Full Outer Join: combines or joins both left outer join and right outer join. All records or rows from both tables are returned as a result. If no matching columns are found in both the tables then NULL is returned.

Syntax:  select * from table_1 as t_1

              Full outer join table_2 as t_2

              On t_1.column = t_2.column

1. Cross Join: it is a Cartesian join of both tables. No condition is required to join two tables. Cross join returns records or rows that are multiplication of record number from both tables, means each row on left table will relate to each row of right table.

Syntax:  select * from table_1

              Cross join table_2

1. Self Join: is used to join database table to itself, when table has a foreign key that references its own primary key. Self join is not a type of sql join.

Download  SQL Joins Presentation .

Introduction to  JIRA The Java Based Technology Seminar Topic:

JIRA is an issue tracking product developed by Atlassian.  JIRA is used for bug tracking, issue tracking and for project management. JIRA helps software development teams by providing issue tracking and project tracking to improve code quality and speed of development. According to stakeholders, managers and end-user requirements, JIRA application development requires configuring JIRA. With the help of software development approaches and methodologies, structured system, JIRA applications are developed. Which results in scalable JIRA applications and this makes project managers, department supervisors, stakeholders and end-users happy.

JIRA is being provided by Atlassian for free to open source projects. Commercial customers can get full source code under developer source license.

JIRA has plug-in architecture and number of integrations developed by JIRA development community, including IDE’s like Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA using Atlassian IDE connector. JIRA API is an extensible way for developers to plug applications into JIRA.

JIRA was developed by a private company based in Australia, Atlassian, in response to a need for a more robust open source software defect tracking system.  JIRA helps in prioritizing, assigning, tracking, reporting and auditing the issues from software bugs and helpdesk tickets to project tasks and change requests. JIRA is an extensible platform that can be customized to match business processes. JIRA improves quality by ensuring all task details are followed and recorded till completion.

JIRA workflow consists of a set of steps and transitions through which an issue goes during its lifecycle and typical Workflow represents business processes. A default workflow can’t be edited but can be customized by creating additional workflows. Each workflow corresponds to particular projects and particular issue type.

Workflow steps and transitions:

• A step is a stage in a workflow for an issue, an issue exists only one step at any point in time. Workflow step is usually named after a linked status.
• A transition represents link between two steps. A transition moves issue from one step to another step. If an issue should progress from one step to another, transition is required to link those two steps.

Features of JIRA are:

Bug Tracking:

Bugs are inevitable part of software development team, no matter whether team is large or small. JIRA personalizes bug tracking; it is powerful, yet simple. Any issue details including workflow actions, attachments, recent activity and custom fields are viewed by JIRA.

Project Tracking:

Tracking a bug in a single application is more flexible task using project management tool, and also software development management can be done for several products. JIRA provides different ways to generate reports and track team progress.

JIRA is specially designed for system and software application developers; it is a capable issue management application.

Download  Seminar Report on JIRA The Java Based Technology .

Introduction to Jini technology seminar Topic:

Jini Technology extends Java Technology; it is a service oriented architecture defining programming language which exploits Java Technology. Jini technology enables to construct a secure, distributed systems consisting of well-behaved network services and clients.

Jini can be used to build adaptive network systems that are scalable, evolvable and flexible as typical dynamic computing environments. Jini technology offers number of powerful capabilities: service discovery and mobile code.  Jini technology is somewhat similar to Java’s Remote Method Invocation (RMI) but more advanced.

Jini is a set of java classes and services which has potential to create its own revolution by exploiting the technology in new ways. Jini was created by Sun Microsystems for networking applications.

Jini provides mechanism for locating services on network that behave accordingly to a particular Java Interface. After locating service on the network, client can download an implementation of that interface and can use it for further communication with the service.

The collections of services registered with the jini is said to form “Jini Community”, jini provides discovery protocol to locate a Lookup service. Discovery protocol uses multicast and unicast discovery methods.

Jini is designed to support distributed service oriented architecture by addressing the following:

• The network is reliable, secure and homogeneous.
• Latency is zero
• Bandwidth is infinite
• Topology is static
• One administrator for the network 

Jini’s functionality is exposed as a set of services, and services make themselves available by registering with a lookup mechanism called “Jini Community”. Clients find services via lookup mechanism. Once service is found clients bind to services dynamically.

Benefits of Jini technology:

1)    Protocol Independence: Services can be discovered and implemented by using existing communication protocols. Default protocol used is RMI.

2)    Location Independence: Network components need not be configured with explicit knowledge of location of the service to use the lookup services.

3)    Services can be implemented with the needed dynamic modification without impact to clients.

4)    Additional instances of services can be made use to enhance the load balancing and other performances dynamically.

5)    Jini’s services are managed and monitored using JMX or SNMP. 

Jini is lightweight service which enables users to share services and resources over a network. It also provides users with ability to access resources anywhere easily on the network, even though users network location may constantly change. Jini simplifies the task by managing and creating network devices.

Download  Seminar Report on Jini Technology .

Introduction to Computer System Seminar Topic:

A computer system is a general purpose device programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations, and can solve more than one kind of problem. A computer system consists of at least one processing element and some form of memory. The arithmetic and logical operations are carried out by processing element, and sequencing and control unit that change order of operations is based on stored information. Computer system consists of peripheral devices, which allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and results are saved and retrieved. Keyboard, printer, scanner, monitor, joystick and routers are an example of peripheral devices.

A computer system is a complete, working system. Computer functions with the help of software and peripheral devices that are connected. Operating system is a must for computers to function. A computer system is an interconnected system of computers that share a central storage system and peripheral devices. Modern computer systems are based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than early computer systems, and they occupy very small space. 

Modern computer systems begin with two different technologies, programming and automatic calculation.

A core of computer system is the system unit, it consists of many electronic components that process the information, and important components of system unit is Central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor. CPU is the brain of the computer system. Random access memory (RAM) is another component of system unit, which stores temporary information that CPU uses while booting. RAM entries are erased when system is switched off. 

A general purpose computer system’s components are interconnected by busses, which are made of wires, they are:

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU):

Performs two classes of operations: Arithmetic operation, logical operation. Basic arithmetic operations supported are: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Advanced arithmetic operations include: trigonometric functions such as sine, cosine.., and square root functions. All these operations can be performed on whole numbers, floating point numbers, and real numbers.

Logic operations include Boolean logic: AND, OR, XOR and NOT.

Control Unit:

Manages the various components of computer system; control unit will first read the program instructions and then it will decode them, and it transforms into a series of control signals which will later activate other parts of system. A special memory register or program counter keeps track of which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from.

Memory:

A computer memory consists of cells. Each cell has numbered address which can store a single number. Computer has two varieties of memory: RAM and read only memory (ROM). RAM is temporary memory, but ROM is permanent, it is reloaded with data and software that never changes.

Input and Output devices (I/O):

In order to exchange information with outside world, I/O is needed. They are called peripherals. They include: keyboard, joystick, mouse, monitor, printer, scanner and router.

Download  Seminar Report on Computer System .

Javax.swing is a package, which provides a set of lightweight components that work same on all platforms. Swing is the primary GUI widget toolkit in java. Swing is the part of Oracle’s Java Foundation Classes (JFC). JFC is an API, which provides GUI for java programs. 

Java has rich framework for creating user interface, the framework is called Swing. 

When compared to Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT), Swings offers sophisticated GUI components, it also offers a look and feel and allows applications to have a look and feel unrelated to the underlying platform. Swing has powerful and flexible components than AWT. Swing components includes: buttons, checkbox, labels and advanced components: tables, trees, lists, tabbed panel and scroll panes. 

Since Swings are entirely written using Java, they are not platform-specific code, they are platform-independent. javax.swing package contains swing classes. 

Swing has high modular-based architecture, which allows for plugging various custom implementations of specific framework interfaces. Swing is component based framework; all components are derived from javax.swing.JComponent class. Swing objects are bound to specific properties, when particular component is called, corresponding methods or properties are invoked accordingly. These components are Java Beans component, compliant with the Java Beans component architecture specifications. 

The visual representation of swing component is a combination of standard set of elements: border, inset, decorations. Swing’s has high level of flexibility, which is reflected in its inherent ability to override host OS’s GUI controls for displaying itself. All swing components relies on AWT container, because swing’s extends AWT’s container.

Swing library makes use of Model View Controller (MVC) software design pattern; this controls the user interface and data through which it is viewed.  Overall MVC pattern is a loosely coupled collaborative object relationship pattern, MVC model provides programmatic means for attaching event listeners to the data model object.

Download  Term Assignment of Modern Program Tool Menu Element .

Java is purely an object oriented programming language developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems, which is a supporter company of Oracle Corporation.  Java’s most of the syntax and semantics are derived from C and C++. Java source code is first compiled into bytecodes which results in a class file, then the class file can be run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Bytecodes are a set of machine instructions which are not specific to any one processor.

Java is a platform independent and portable language because of “Write Once, Run Anywhere” feature. The Java programs written once should run similarly on diverse hardware.

The software Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is required to run java applications. Java Development toolkit (JDK) is a superset of JRE, which includes development tools, Java compiler, Javadoc and debugger.

Java Development has 2 parts:

1)   Java Compiler

2)   Java Interpreter

 

Compiler converts java code to a bytecode, interpreter executes the bytecode with the help of JVM. Debugger helps to find and fix the bugs in java programs.

Java is very successful for developing server-sided applications including: web services and EJB.  

An applet is a java program which consists of bytecode. Java applet runs in a web browser using JVM. Applets provide interactive features to web applications which cannot be provided by HTML alone.

A servlet is a server sided java programming, which extends the capabilities of servers using a request-response programming model.

JavaBeans are reusable component for java. They are classes written in the Java language. Beans encapsulate many objects into a single object and it is passed around as a single bean object instead of multiple individual objects.

Java has built-in support for multi-threaded programming; with this it is possible to write programs that can do many tasks at a time. This feature is helpful in building interactive applications.

Java Server Pages is a technology to create dynamic web pages based on HTML, XML. JSP makes use of component based approach which helps to easily combine static HTML with look-and-feel java component to develop dynamic pages.

Download  Seminar Topic on Java  .

Introduction to IP Telephony Seminar Topic:

Internet protocol telephony represents technologies that use the internet protocol’s packet switched connection to exchange voice, fax, and information which was traditionally been carried over dedicated circuit-switched connection. Calls travel as packets of data on shared lines using internet.

Telephone calls are transported over internet using IP, whether traditional telephony devices, dedicated terminals or multimedia PCs may take part in calls and calls can be either entirely or partially transmitted over internet.

IP telephony uses protocols for transport and for signaling. Transport is done using UDP over IP for voice packets and either UDP or TCP over IP for signals. Signaling protocols provide special features like: establishing a call, terminating a call, forwarding a call, call waiting and making conference calls.

The benefit of IP is money saving and easy implementation of services. IP telephony system consists of these elements:

• End Devices: may be traditional telephones (analog/ISDN/GSM/..), audio equipped PC or single use appliances.
• Gateways: the task of gateways is translating transmission format, signaling procedures, audio codec to/from the format for transport over internet.
• Gatekeepers / proxies: provide centralized call management functions; call admission control, bandwidth management, address translation, authentication, user location, etc.
• To manage multiparty conferences, multipoint conference units are used.

The two-way transmission of voice over packet-switched IP network is part of the TCP/IP protocol. IP is the universal transport for almost all data and video communications worldwide.

The calls between PC to PC or between phones and PCs using public internet became popular, but call quality over internet is erratic because internet provides no guarantee of QOS. But when organization has control over its network, quality can be excellent. Organizations with their own IP networks and IP telephony carriers have developed IP backbones, and provide voice quality that competes with the traditional PSTN.

Even though global telephone network has been converted to digital for some time, the circuit switched public telephone network is wasteful. One person talks and other listens, both “caller” and “callee” channels are always dedicated. IP voice codec cut the digital requirement from 64Kbps down to 8Kbps with good quality. Thus bandwidth requirement for voice on an IP network is 1/16^th of PSTNs dedicated digital circuit.

Download  Seminar Report on IP Telephony .

Introduction to Cluster Computing Seminar:

Congestion avoidance:

When congestion is detected the device responds by throttling back the rate at which it sends the data. The device then uses an algorithm to lower the rate of data transfer and when congestion is cleared then it gradually increases the rate.

Cluster computing examples:

Many applications use cluster computing for greater performance, and flexibility. Examples of these are Google search engine, Image rendering. The google search engine uses the cluster computing as it provides load balancing, availability, reliability. When a user enters a qauey in the webpage, the browser searches for the IP address via the www.google.com Domain Name Server (DNS).

Google uses DNS based load balancing system that matches the query to a cluster that is geographically nearest to the user. The IP address of the selected cluster is returned. The web browser then sends the search request in the form of HTTP to the selected cluster. The selected cluster then processes the query locally. A hardware based load balancer monitors the available set of the Google Web Servers(GWS) in the cluster and distributes the request evenly among the cluster. The GWS machine receives the request, executes the query and sends the search result back to the user browser.

The second example is image rendering. In this, the images which are very large to analyze, such as any explosion are analyzed by using the divide and conquer technique. The dataset of the image are broken into smaller images and processed in the different nodes of a cluster. After this these datasets are integrated to form the single image. So, the cluster computing is of great importance in today’s scenario.

Download  Cluster Computing Seminar Abstract .

Introduction to Cluster Computing Presentation:

Cluster Applications: The different types of applications on the cluster have different behavior. Some require high bandwidth and low latency capabilities. Some need commodity cluster. Between these two ends, many messaging algorithms and applications fall. There are four types of applications namely compute intensive, data or input/output intensive, and transaction intensive. Each have unique characteristics. Computing intensive applications are those which require a lot of computations.

These applications are very sensitive latency in messages. These applications are also graphic intensive. In data intensive applications large storage is required. Performance of these applications is dependent on the architecture of the cluster, the bandwidth of the network attached storage. Data intensive applications are beneficial in data mining, genome, and protein science applications. In transaction intensive applications, there is high interaction between application resources and cluster resources. This is used in banking, financial, human resources, and web based applications.

Performance Impacts:

Here, first Data throughput calculation of theoretical maximum throughput is done and then effective throughput is calculated which is always less than the theoretical throughput. Throughput for clusters is based on total no. of nodes, switch architecture, forwarding technology, queuing methodology, buffering depth and allocation, noise and error on the cable plant.

Slow start:

In the original implementation of TCP, when the connection was established between two devices, they could send segments as fast as they liked till there is space in other device’s receive window. In busy network, new traffic can create congestion. To solve this problem the modern TCP devices are restricted at the rate at which they send their segments. In starting they can send only a limited amount of segments. Then each time they receive an acknowledgement they can send more segments. Thus the device starts slow.

Download  Cluster Computing Presentation .